Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm kev xav nyob rau hauv Russia nws yog tsis yooj yim sua mus yav tas los ntawm 40-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, thaum lub tswv yim tsim Slavophiles thiab Westerners. Lawv tsis sib haum twb tsis tshaj lub xyoo pua xeem thiab tseem muaj kev nom kev tswv tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm tsis ntev los no cov txheej xwm.
Qhov chaw ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19
Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo, Russia yog lub teb chaws nrog lub tebchaws uas tus feudal hom ntawm ntau lawm, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov teb chaws Europe, qhov twg ib tug txheej txheem ntawm consolidation ntawm capitalist bourgeois kev sib raug zoo. Yog li, lub zog nyiaj txiag backwardness ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, uas tau muab sij hawm rau kev cuam tshuam rau qhov yuav tsum tau rau kho. By thiab loj, lawv pib rov qab Peter thawj, tiam sis lub ntsiab yog tsis txaus. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm bourgeois kev sib raug zoo tiv thaiv lawv txoj kev nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe los ntawm txoj kev revolutions, cov ntshav thiab ua nruj ua tsiv. Txhawb kev sib tw, intensified exploitation. Tsis ntev los no cov lus tseeb tau tshwm sim ntau cov tswv cuab ntawm lub teb chaws kev xav. Muaj yog heev nkag siab sib cav tswv yim hais txog lub neej tom ntej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws, ntau uas rushed los ntawm ib tug huab rau lub emperors nyob rau hauv lub internal txoj cai mus rau lwm lub. Slavophiles thiab Westerners - ob opposite txoj kev Russia, tab sis txhua leej txhua tus yuav tsum tau coj nws mus rau txoj kev vam meej.
Nyob rau hauv teb mus rau lub zog ntawm Slavophiles
Ze li ntawm ob centuries ntawm cov sab sauv cov chav kawm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab xeev tau tsim poklonnicheskoe cwj pwm ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab nws cov achievements. Zog ntawm Guj kuj yog nce hloov, ua kom zoo li lub Western lub teb chaws. A. S. Homyakov thawj muab rau zaub rau pej xeem kev xav txog lub tshwj xeeb txoj kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb lub xeev - nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm collectivism, uas manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug nyob deb nroog zej zog. Eliminates qhov no yuav tsum tau mus sab laj txog cov backwardness ntawm lub hwj chim thiab sib npaug zos rau cov teb chaws Europe. Nyob ib ncig ntawm expressed theses united xav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sau ntawv. Lawv lub npe hu ua lub Slavophiles. Westerners - ib yam ntawm cov lus teb mus rau saum toj zog. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Westernism, raws li nyob rau hauv cov tswv yim ntawm Georga Gegelya, pom ib tug hluas qauv nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.
Philosophical me nyuam yaus ntawm Westerners
Thoob plaws hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg kev xav tsis nyuaj lo lus nug los ntawm Paul Gauguin: "Leej twg yog peb nyob qhov twg Yuav ???". Hais txog qhov kawg nws tau faib peb cov ntsiab lus ntawm view. Ib txhia hais tias degrades tib neeg. Lwm tus - hais tias yog mus nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog, uas yog, nyob rau hauv tas mus li. Tseem lwm tus sib cav hais tias loj zuj zus. Westerners - yog xav uas tuav lub tom kawg saib. Lawv ntseeg hais tias keeb kwm yog hnyav, muaj ib tug vector ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, nrog cov teb chaws Europe ua ntej ntawm lwm cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab hais tseg txoj kev uas yuav mus rau tag nrho lwm cov neeg. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov teb chaws, raws li tau zoo raws li Russia, yuav tsum ua kom pom tseeb rau hauv lub achievements ntawm European civilization nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev haiv neeg tsis muaj kev zam.
Tiv thaiv Westerners Slavophiles
Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 nws muaj lub ideological confrontation "Slavophiles - Westerners". A rooj muab piv rau cov yooj yim tenets ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws los qhia txog lawv views on lub yav dhau los thiab yav tom ntej ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab xeev.
Tswv yim Slavophiles thiab Westerners | Westerners | cov lus nug ntawm kev sib piv | Slavophiles |
| Unified cov teb chaws Europe | txoj kev loj hlob txoj kev | Yog leejtwg, nyob rau hauv particular |
| Rov qab piv nrog Western lub teb chaws | Txoj hauj lwm ntawm Russia | Koj muaj peev xwm tsis sib piv nrog lwm lub teb chaws |
| Zoo, nws pab mus rau lub teb chaws txoj kev kawm | Kev sib raug zoo Peter cov kho kom zoo | Tsis zoo, nws tau pov tseg civilization muaj |
| Parliamentary monarchy, kev cai system ntawm civil rights thiab kev ywj siab | Cov nom tswv system ntawm Russia | Autocracy, tab sis lub hom yawg suab txoj cai. Lub zog ntawm lub tswv yim - cov neeg (Zemsky Sobor), lub hwj chim ntawm tus tub ceev xwm - tus huab tais. |
| tsis zoo | Cwj pwm ntawm serfdom | tsis zoo |
cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Westerners
Ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub zoo bourgeois kho 60-70s ua si Westerners. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov pej xeem xav tau tsis tsuas ideological inspirers ntawm lub xeev transformations, tab sis lawv lawv tus kheej tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Yog li, ib tug active social txoj hauj lwm nyob Konstantin Kavelin, uas sau ib tug "Ceeb toom rau qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub peasants." Timofey Granovsky, ib tug xib fwb ntawm keeb kwm, advocated qhov txuas ntxiv rau cov kho tso cia nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo pua, kev txawj ntse rau cov nquag tsoom fwv txoj cai. Nyob ib ncig ntawm nws thiab koom ua ke zoo li-minded neeg, uas muaj xws li Turgenev, Botkin, M. Katkov, Vernadsky, B. Chicherin. Westerners cov tswv yim yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov feem ntau hnyav kho ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 - lub judiciary, uas nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm txoj cai ntawm kev cai lij choj thiab pej xeem zej zog.
Txoj hmoo ntawm Westerners
Nws feem ntau tshwm sim hais tias nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug kev sib raug zoo zog yog nws ntxiv fragmentation, piv txwv li cais. Tsis tsuas yog, thiab Westerners. Qhov no siv feem ntau mus rau ntsiab lub radical pawg proclaiming ib tug revolutionary txoj kev ua hloov. Nws muaj xws li Belinsky, N. Ogarev, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, Alexander Herzen. Nyob rau tej theem, nws tshwm sim slavophiles convergence thiab revolutionary Westerners uas ntseeg hais tias cov ua liaj ua teb lub zej lub zos yuav ua tau lub hauv paus rau yav tom ntej li cov haiv neeg. Tab sis nws tsis yog decisive. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub confrontation ntawm cov tswv yim thawj txoj kev ntawm Russia txoj kev loj hlob mus txog rau lub tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm ntawm peb kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau rau pro-Western orientation yuav. Tam sim no, lub sib faib no mas nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv kheej, uas sawv tawm Westerners. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub zog nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm kev koom ua ke rau hauv lub European Union, mus ntsib nws raws li ib tug txoj kev tawm ntawm lub impasse ntawm kev vam meej, uas muaj tsis tau nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm socialist siv.