Vajtswv Ra: los ntawm triumph rau oblivion

Vajtswv Ra nyob rau hauv lub Egyptian pantheon nyob ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw. Qhov no yog to taub: lub yav qab teb lub teb chaws, lossi hlawv hnub nyiaj siv ua haujlwm ... Lwm yam gods thiab bozhenyata ua lawv cov kev khiav dej num, thiab tsuas yog ib Beneficent vajtswv Ra them rau tag nrho cov ntiaj teb, ua rau tsis muaj qho uas txawv ntawm cov nplua nuj thiab cov neeg pluag, pharaohs thiab qhev, tib neeg thiab tsiaj.

Raws li cov Iyi, Ra yeej tsis yug, nws yeej ib txwm muaj. Nws sawv rau saum lwm cov tswv ntuj, ua ib yam dab tsi ntawm ib tsab ntawm ib tug Vajtswv, uas pom tom qab qhia nyob rau hauv Judaism, cov ntseeg Vajtswv thiab Islam. Tab sis nws nkawd hais tias lub tswv yim ntawm monotheism yog nyob rau hauv lub minds ntawm nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt. Tsis muaj lub zem tus vaj ntxwv ntawm lub xyoo dynasty Amenhotep plaub, ua kom rhuav tshem ntawm cov dictates ntawm ntau cov pov thawj los ntawm ntau yam cults (tus tseem haib ntawm uas yog cov pov thawj ntawm Ra), ua tswvcuab ntawm kev teev hawm ntawm tus vaj tswv Aton, lub hnub ci disk, los yog vim tsis lees yuav tag nrho lwm cov gods. Nyob rau hauv essence, tus tshiab tiv tshav ntuj kub vaj, Aton, tsis ntau sib txawv los ntawm cov laus hnub ci cult - Amon-Ra. Yog tias tej uas tus tshiab pov thawj kiag li nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm Amenhotep, saws ib lub npe tshiab Akhenaten, lub ntsiab lus "pleasing mus rau lub vaj Aten."

Tab sis lub tswv yim ntawm monotheism, uas pom muaj ib qho ncha nyob rau hauv lub minds ntawm lub hlwb cov neeg tseem ceeb (unattached feem ntawm cov pov thawj, intellectuals thiab ze Akhenaten), tsis tau pom cov nyiaj them yug ntawm cov sab khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov pejxeem ruam ancient Iyiv tebchaws. Cult ntawm Aton tsis ua ntau. Inertia hauv lub caij milenias- kev cai dab qhuas cwj pwm yog muaj zog txawj ntse delights ntawm cov neeg Iyiv cov neeg tseem ceeb. Raws li rau ntau historians, Akhenaten tuag lawm raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kev koom tes, thiab tag nrho cov xa rov qab mus rau li qub. Vajtswv Ra yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov feem ntau admired Iyiv deities.

Cov kev cai dab qhuas qhov chaw ntawm lub solar deity yog Heliopolis, uas nyob rau hauv Greek txhais tau tias lub nroog ntawm lub hnub los yog Solntsegrad. Nyob rau hauv no lub npe, lub nroog zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv ntau yam keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb, txawm hais tias tus tam sim no, cov neeg Iyiv lub npe ntawm qhov chaw yog Iunu. Greeks txij thaum lub conquests Aleksandra Makedonskogo muaj ib tug yawm cawv rau lub neej ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws. Iyiv vajtswv Ra nyob rau hauv lawv nco qab yog tus uas pom nrog rau cov Greek Helios. Tsis muaj ntxiv lawm ado, lub invaders tsuas renamed lub Egyptian nroog Iunu nyob rau hauv Greek Heliopolis.

Lub cult ntawm Ra muaj ntev heev. Nws lub hauv paus yog pw nyob rau hauv ancient kingdom - nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm peb Millennium BC. Vajtswv Ra yog tus thawj ntawm ntau Iyiv gods. Tab sis tom qab zog ntawm cov pov thawj uas tau pab nyob rau hauv lub accession mus rau lub zwm txwv mus rau tsim ntawm tsib Dynasty, nws cult sawv thiab yeej lwm tus ob txhiab xyoo. Cov pov thawj ntawm Ra, tsis tau tiav dogmatic, pub ib tug tsi ntawm "symbiosis" ntawm nws vajtswv nrog tsis tseem ceeb deities ntawm ntau cov cheeb tsam ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws. Yog li ntawd, nyob Elephantine, nws lub npe hu ua Khnum-Ra, Thebes - Amon-Ra. Qhov kev ntsuas no yuav pab kom txo tau cov tau ib tug hauv zos kev cai dab qhuas separatism.

Tom qab hoplites Aleksandra Makedonskogo tsis muaj ib tug sib ntaus mus mus tim lyiv teb chaws, nws pib poob ntawm tsoos kev ntseeg. Tsis yog, lub Greeks tsis rau siab ntso nrhiav cov kiv cua ntawm Ra. Cia li lub sij hawm ntawm lub qub cai dab qhuas ntawm lub yav dhau los. Tsawg tus neeg ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub qub gods, temples maj poob mus rau hauv lwj, thiab nrog lub advent ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv, lub hnub vajtswv Ra raug thaum kawg tsis nco qab lawm. Los ntawm lub thib tsib caug xyoo AD cov Iyi txawm tsis nco qab lawm cov tsab ntawv, uas sau zaj nkauj mus rau lub gods saum toj no. Tab sis lub system ntawm cov neeg Iyiv hieroglyphic sau ntawv nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm muaj peb thiab ib nrab txhiab xyoo!

Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thib kaum cuaj xyoo pua, peb yog ua tsaug rau lub dag zog ntawm ntse heev linguist Fransua Shampolona nrhiav tau niaj hnub Iyiv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, uas twb paub xwb nyob rau hauv terse comments ntawm cov neeg zej zog ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws - lub Greeks, cov neeg Loos, cov Pawxia thiab cov koom pheej.