Uas nruab nrab yog ib tug paraphrase, piv txwv ntawm nws siv nyob rau hauv kev hais lus thiab artistic hauj lwm

Expressiveness thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus qhuas Lomonosov, Derzhavin, Gogol, Turgenev, Tolstoy thiab ntau lwm sau ntawv, paj huam, nws lub neej thiab muaj tswv yim ua si yog ncaj qha mus txuas nrog rau cov lo lus. Lawv muab sau nws cov kev sib raug zoo, nplua nuj, ntau yam kev paub cov ntsiab lus, kho kom zoo semantics, uas lawv thiaj li skillfully siv tag nrho cov duab thiab kev paub qhia lo txhais tau tias.

Kawm paub txog lub tswvyim ntawm

Uas nruab nrab yog ib tug kwm tshwm sim, raws li ib tug paraphrase? Piv txwv ntawm nws peb ntsib ntau heev nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, thiab nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm kev hais lus. Yog hais tias koj hnov ib tug neeg es tsis txhob ntawm lo lus "hli" qhia "cov huab tais ntawm lub hmo ntuj" los yog "Hmo ntuj-ci ntsa iab", tab sis es tsis txhob ntawm "hnub qub" - "coj teeb", "pearls" thiab "precious placers", koj yuav tsum paub hais tias kev nyuaj siab nws nrog hais tias lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv kos duab, nws faib ntau ancient Greeks, lawv kuj tau muab nws ib tug txhais: "ib qho kev qhia piav txog ib tug tshwm sim nrog rau lwm tus." . Tus ntawd yog ib tug zaj lus piv txwv, "ib tug es tsis txhob ntawm lub lwm yam" - thiaj li cia nyob rau hauv Greek suab "paraphrase". Piv txwv li "puag ncig thiab puag ncig" (lwm translation-txhais) heev yooj yim mus nrhiav. Yog vim li cas, txawm tus naas ej Pushkin tus tsis txaus siab mus rau lub hiav txwv: "Farewell, free caij!"

Paraphrase - paraphrase

Ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia ntawm kev hais lus, uas raug xa mus rau nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, cov neeg ruam nyob rau hauv lub kos duab txoj kev, feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog ib tug paraphrase - nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, yog heev uas zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv suab tab sis muaj ib tug txawv lub ntsiab lus. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog hais txog ntau hom kev retelling cov ntawv nyeem: ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws, abridged, nruj heev heev, txheej txheem los ntawm cov paj huam rau hauv prose, thiab vice versa. Rau nws kuj thov ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov lus, xws li kev ntawv. Kuj muaj ntau lo lus uas peb tau paraphrase. Piv txwv ntawm nws kev hais lus nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas zoo xws li cov luag hauj lwm ntawm tej lus nyob rau hauv cov qauv sau ntawv. Ob hom lus phenomena yog hu ua khoom, tej yam tshwm sim, thiab taw tes rau lawv: "nws" es tsis txhob ntawm "txiv neej" thiab "ib tug-armed bandit" es tsis txhob "qhov cav."

hais lus expressiveness

Tropes, descriptively hnov ib co tswv yim nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm lwm tus neeg, nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, muaj ib tug heev heev. Qhov no ua piv txwv qhia thiab pun, thiab kev sib piv. Notable cov no yog cov paraphrase. Piv txwv qhia tau nyob rau hauv kev sib tham thiab kev sau ntawv phau ntawv, ua rau nws tau mus faib cov phenomenon rau hauv cov zajlus kom pab pawg thiab zoo li tus. Lub logic yog raws li ib tug piav txog taw tes ntshiab, pom, ib qho yooj yim vychlenimyh kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom, tshwm sim, cov txheej xwm. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub paj lug - nyob rau hauv lub system ntawm koom haum thiab combining thaum mus. Uas nruab nrab yog ib zajlus kom paraphrase? Piv txwv nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus yog haum yooj yim. Qhov no yog "tus neeg sau ntawm" A Hero of Our Lub sij hawm "es tsis txhob" Lermontov ", thiab" ntsuab chaw "es tsis txhob" nroj tsuag. " Lawv pom qhov txawv feature - ib tug ntau, pob tshab lexical lub ntsiab lus, stereotypical ua si.

Cov kos duab ntawm cov lo lus

Ob peb yam txawv ntawm paj lug paraphrase. Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev pab qhia nws essence li meej li sai tau. Yog hais tias muaj leej twg hu ua Oblomov, nws yuav paub tseeb hais tias peb muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab tus tib neeg zoo ntawm kev tub nkeeg, tsis muaj lub siab xav mus ua dab tsi, nyob twj ywm daydreaming. Plyushkin twb ua synonymous nrog avarice nyob rau hauv nws siab tshaj plaws manifestation, lub Moscow haiv neeg Lavxias teb sab hais lus yog feem ntau hu ua "dawb pob zeb", thiab St. Petersburg - Pushkin cov lus: "Peter lub creation." Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no peb yuav tsis soj ntsuam nrog ib tug paraphrase nyob rau hauv nws cov ntshiab daim ntawv no, tab sis nrog nws coalescence nrog rau lwm cov tropes: metaphors thiab similes. lawv muaj feem ntau muag (t. e. tau poob lawv cov lus hais paj lug kev txiav txim zoo), txhab los yog muab zais.

Ob tug nyob rau hauv ib tug

Qhov ntau nthuav paraphrase? Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab hais lus ua pov thawj nws kev sib raug zoo mus rau lwm cov lus tshwm sim - ib tug euphemism, precisely ntau, lub imposition ntawm ib lub tswvyim mus rau lwm lub. Thaum no mas? Yog hais tias koj xav tau ib tug ntxhib, stylistically txo lo lus yog hloov los ntawm lwm, ntau "noble". Piv txwv li, es tsis txhob "hnoos txawj hais" lus "mus luaj nws lub caj pas," es tsis txhob "fart" - "lwj rau saum huab cua." Ib tug niam ntiav hu ua "ib tug poj niam ntawm ib qho yooj yim virtue", "hetaera", "sawv cev ntawm cov hiob profession", "Messalina." Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ntxuav lub sinuses - ib tug zoo nkauj qhia "siv ib tug khaub hlab," etc. euphemisms TSHWM entrenched nyob rau hauv cov lus thaum muaj kev koom shape nws txawj cai, muaj ib tug tawm tsam rau lub purity thiab correctness ... Ntau Lomonosov nws kev tshawb xav ntawm lub "peb twj ywm" muaj ib tug ntse kab ntawm "high", "nruab nrab" thiab "tsis tshua muaj" cov ntsiab lus. Nws twb ntseeg tau tias ua kom zoo zoo thiab kawm ntawv ua nom ua tswv tsis muaj nuj nqis siv nyob rau hauv hais lus ua lwj ua liam. Txawm tias cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Lomonosov feem ntau muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntaub ntawv, me nyuam thiab lwm yam, nws tau pom lub widest daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv zej zog.

Muaj yog vim li cas lwm rau cov emergence ntawm euphemisms: paraphrase yog subjective thiab txiav txim los ntawm kev cai dab qhuas thiab cultic yam. Piv txwv li, es tsis txhob "dab ntxwg nyoog" nyob rau hauv Russia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg, nws tau txiav txim siab los hais "impure" los yog "neeg phem." Nws twb ntseeg tau tias cov npe no tsis nyiam ib yam nkaus thiab ntau xim rau cov neeg ntawm supernatural rog, thiab cov neeg, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav tsis thab "Vajtswv tus ntsuj plig los." Ib yam li ntawd, lub peasants tsis tau hais tias sawv daws mloog lo lus "lub tsev", hu nws "tus thawj coj", "Yawg", "pab." Heev feem ntau lo lus "nws tus kheej". Lawv ntseeg hais tias lub tsev yuav tsum tu siab lawm thiab pib lawv pakostnichat. Thiab yog hais tias koj hu nws "txoj cai", ces yog li ntawd koj yuav ntxias cov ntsuj plig, uas yog kom coj lub tsev hmoov zoo.