Txiv qaub dej khov nab kuab uas dai ntawm tsev. Cov tsim ntawm stalagmites thiab stalactites

Cov neeg tuaj saib yuav soj ntsuam cov Karst tsua cim nyob rau hauv lawv cov zoo nkauj qhia - cov pab pawg neeg ntawm stalactites thiab stalagmites. Lawv loj hlob chaotic heaps thiab ntxiv mus rau loj thiab me me pab pawg. Thiab koj paub tias dab tsi yog nws tag nrho hais txog? Yuav ua li cas lawv raug tsim thiab dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv?

Peb pib nrog cov qauv rau kev. Yog vim li cas tej qhov tsua

Lub kiav txhab tsis yog niaj hnub nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nyob rau theem ntawm cov av thiab lub ntiaj teb no tus dej hiav txwv raug tsim ntau yam pob zeb thiab minerals. Piv txwv li, volcanic kev ua si nyob rau high school kub thiab siab tau nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm granite thiab basalt. Tab sis deposits dej-soluble hom, xws li limestone, chalk los yog gypsum, tsim nyob rau hauv tsawg huab tej yam kev mob. Tsheej lab ntawm cov xyoo lub dej undermined thiab ntxuav tam sim ntawd lub pob zeb, tawm hauv qab ib tug loj thiab me me voids. Yog li ntawd muaj tej qhov tsua, uas hu ua Karst. Lub fact tias cov Karst - ib tug tsis muaj dabtsis hauv lub cev. Feem ntau ntawm cov paub qhov tsua - Karst keeb kwm. Txawm li cas los, muaj lwm yam kev ntawm lub tsim ntawm tej qhov tsua, tab sis lawv tsis muaj stalactites thiab stalagmites.

Yuav ua li cas puas tau lub sij hawm "stalactite" thiab "stalagmite"

Cov nqe lus "stalactite" thiab "stalagmite" coined los ntawm ib tug Danish naturalist Ole Cab. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1655. Ob nqe lus yog hais txog mus rau lub Greek lus. Stalactite txhais li "natekshy nco los nco." Qhov ntawd yog ib yam ntawm cov limestone dej khov nab kuab uas dai ntawm tsev dai ntawm lub qab nthab ntawm Karst tej qhov tsua. Chemogenic kev kawm ntawv tej zaum kuj yog tsis muaj li ntawm limestone thiab lwm yam sedimentary pob zeb. Tus duab ntawm stalactites li icicles, fringe, nyias straws los yog ridges nrog ntau cov hniav.

Stalagmite txhais tau tias "nco". Qhov no sinter mineral (limestone) dej khov nab kuab uas dai ntawm tsev, uas Taper los yog pillar nce los ntawm lub hauv qab ntawm lub qhov tsua. Tej zaum lub tsev blocks ntawm ib tug stalagmite tsis yog ib tug calcareous pob zeb, plaster los yog ib lub ntsev ntawd. Tab sis nws yog tsis ntau.

txheej txheem

Tus duab thiab luaj li cas ntawm txiv qaub buildup thiab icicles nyob ntawm seb qhov loj ntawm lub qhov tsua thiab nws qhov chaw nyob. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub densest pob zeb muaj tej kab nrib pleb thiab microcracks, los ntawm kev uas seeps rau hauv lub Karst qhov tsua dej. Los nag thiab daus muaj mus ib tug ntev thiab nyuaj txoj kev, ntxuav tawm cov kev calcium thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Pores los ntawm kev uas dej seeps rau hauv lub heev me me. Vim li no, cov dej yog tsis escapes rivulets thiab txia ntawm lub qab nthab ntawm lub qhov tsua. Txhua droplet yog ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm sedimentary pob zeb (mas limestone). Ces tus mob qhuav, thiab lub pob zeb yaj nyob rau hauv nws, yog nyob rau lub qab nthab, los yog ntog rau hauv pem teb. Qhov no ua ib qho kev limestone dej khov nab kuab uas dai ntawm tsev nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov tsua dai nyob rau hauv lub koov, los yog muaj ib txo buildup, nce mus ntsib nws. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub qhov tsua yuav mystical thiab xav tsis thoob views, muab yug rau zaj dab neeg ntawm lub ntiajteb sab hauv.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov txheej txheem yog ib txwm tus tib scenario nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no muaj yog tib yam qhov tsua. Ntxiv mus, txhua "chav tsev" nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua uas yog nws. Xwm tsis lees repetitions.

Tus nqi ntawm tsim

Cov tsim ntawm stalactites thiab stalagmites - ib tug lengthy txheej txheem. Raws li ntxhib kwv yees ntawm zaum loj hlob mus rau 1 cm, nws yuav siv sij hawm txog 100 xyoo. Txoj kev loj hlob npaum li cas nyob rau hauv lub nco tshaj tawm, av noo vnutripeschernogo huab cua, kub thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm solute hom. Leej kwv yees ntawm kev loj hlob muaj peev xwm tsis tau ua. Thaum ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm zaum sim mus kawm kom tau kev tsis sib haum tau hais tias coj lawv mus rau lub "ntau denominator" yog tsis yooj yim sua. Vim hais tias cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov kev siv ntawm dauv, txoj kev nco qhov siab, lub evaporation tus nqi, tus nqi ntawm cov sedimentary khoom thiab hais txog, lossi hloov. Tej zaum txiv qaub dej khov nab kuab uas dai ntawm tsev feem ntau tsis txhob loj hlob rau ob peb puas xyoo.

Nws yuav zoo li stalactites thiab stalagmites

Stalagmites yeej ib txwm thicker thiab loj stalactites, txij li thaum tag nrho cov dej muaj tau ib tug sedimentary pob zeb, tsis nrog down cov phab ntsa, constructing ntxiv outgrowth. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, stalactites tej zaum poob nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej yuag, thiab stalagmites - tsis muaj.

Yog hais tias lub suab ntawm dej mob yog tsis tau tawg, lub stalactite thiab stalagmite "soldered" mus rau lub underground colony. Qhov no txiv qaub no hu ua stalagnates dej khov nab kuab uas dai ntawm tsev. Tej zaum stalagnates loj hlob ua ke thiab sib qhia cov chav nrog txiv qaub drapery.

Stalactites slanted arches tsua yog zoo li tus zoo li ib daim hlab uas rau sail. Lawv muaj peev xwm yuav tus thiab laim ntoom. Nws yuav tsum tau to taub, tsis muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li cas tej zaum koj yuav tau soj ntsuam qhov tsua, stalactites yog tag nrho cov cim.