Tshwj Xeeb - yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas yog qhov txawv ntawm undergraduate, thiab kawm tiav rau txhij txhua?

Cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsis ntev los no muaj ib tug yooj yim xaiv. Tej zaum lawv yuav xav kom cuv cov kev pab cuam thiab cov kev pab cuam tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los, txog thaum nyuam qhuav nws yog ib tug yooj yim heev. Tom qab kawm tiav, tag nrho cov kawm tiav yuav tau txais ib tug kws kawm ntawv. Tom qab lub Ministry of Education muab ib tug decree ntawm qhov saws me nyuam ntawm cov Bologna system, me nyuam kawm ntawv tsis tshuam sawv, vim hais tias peb tsis paub dab tsi xaiv: tshwj xeeb los yog bachelor? Tom qab lub Bologna kev kawm ntawv system yuav ob peb kauj ruam: tshwj xeeb, bachelor tus, tus tswv. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev cob qhia thiab yuav tau los sib tham nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Tshwj Xeeb - yog dab tsi?

Nws yog txoj kev cai uas rau lub Lavxias teb sab kev muaj tiag, ib daim ntawv ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Tom qab lub koom haum los yog lub tsev kawm ntawv, ib tug qub tub ntxhais kawm ntawv yog npaj txhij mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tej qho kev ua lag luam. Kawm Ntawv Tiav yog kev kawm rau tsawg kawg yog tsib xyoos, uas tau txais ob yam basic thiab nyob rau hauv-tob paub ntawm tsom tshwj xeeb. Specialist awarding tsuas teb cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv muaj sau thiab tiv thaiv ib tug tswv yim sib cav, uas tsuas nqa tau lub xeev daim ntawv pawg neeg.

Yog li ntawd saib lub ntsab lug. Tshwj Xeeb - yog dab tsi? Qhov no tsib-xyoo lub hom ntawm txoj kev tshawb, tom qab uas lub tsev kawm ua ib tug heev tsim nyog tshwj xeeb. Nws muaj peev xwm thov rau kev ywj siab thiab high-theem txaus qhia, tau txais ib qho kev kawm ntawv. Tshwj Xeeb txiv neej muab cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv lawv lub peev xwm. Tsis zoo li undergraduate muab zoo li tus tsim specialties, kawm tiav lub tsev kawm ntawv kawm tiav, npaj txhij ua hauj lwm.

Tsis zoo tus kws diploma

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov diploma nws muaj nws zoo, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm disadvantages, uas yog hais hauv qab no.

• Kawm tiav nrog ib tug diploma tom qab specialties yog ib qhov nyuaj mus ntxiv lawv cov kev tshawb fawb thiab nrhiav tau ib txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv peb lub xeev. Tshwj Xeeb - yog dab tsi? Lo lus nug no yog nug los ntawm lub inhabitants ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, raws li lawv tau txais ib tug ob-theem kev kawm ntawv system: tsuas yog tus tsim cov ntaub ntawv ntawm undergraduate thiab kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv lub semi-txawj cov neeg ua lawv xav tau.
• Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau txoj kev hloov mus rau lub Bologna system ntawm kev kawm ntawv diplomas thiab cov kev bachelor kev ncaj.

zoo

Cia saib dab tsi pros muaj specialties. Yuav ua li cas yog nws, paub txhua txhua tus pej xeem ntawm peb lub teb chaws, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus paub txog cov kev pab cuam ntawm tej kev kawm ntawv.

• Lub hwj chim ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Txawm hais tias Ministry of Education thiab ntseeg hais tias qhov txawv ntawm tus kws khomob tshwjxeeb thiab cov bachelor yog heev me me, yooj yim kom haum rau hauv lub tsib-Hoob kawm xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb nyob rau hauv plaub lub xyoos.
• Tshwj Xeeb ntau npaum li cas yooj yim rau cov neeg uas yuav mus ua ib tug scientific hauj lwm, raws li tom qab qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv no ntawm kev kawm yuav npaj mus tam sim ntawd mus kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv.
• Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub master degree tom qab tshwj xeeb - yog tau txais lub thib ob kawm ntawv qib siab.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub Baccalaureate?

Nyob rau hauv 1996 nws tau inducted Baccalaureate. Kawm Ntawv Tiav uas tau kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no ntawm kev kawm, muaj ib tug kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub xaiv peev xwm. Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv no ntawm txoj kev kawm yog tsis tas sai li sai tau rau npe kawm nyob rau hauv tus tswv lub degree. Koj yuav tau ua qhov no tom qab, vim hais tias cov kev cai lij choj tso cai mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lawv cov tshwj xeeb nrog ib tug bachelor degree.

Cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm ntawm "tshwj xeeb" nyob rau hauv 2014 ras ntau. Bachelor degree thiab cov kws equated, raws li cov Ministry of Education xam tau tias yog nws ntau yog mus rau lub Bologna kev kawm ntawv system nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe.

cov kev pab cuam cuv

• International Baccalaureate kawm tiav yuav tau kawm raws li ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm plaub lub xyoos los yog ntau tshaj. Nws tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv cov kev coj ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv.
• Cov tau muab lub thib ob post-baccalaureate kev kawm ntawv, yog tias ib tug neeg txiav txim siab mus sau npe kawm nyob rau hauv tus tswv lub degree nyob rau hauv lwm tshwj xeeb.
• Act tom qab bachelor nyob rau hauv lub master degree yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab txawm txawv teb chaws.

Tsis zoo Bachelor diploma

• Tsis tshua muaj kev thov vim outdated hauv paus ntsiab lus. Chaw ua hauj lwm siv rau lub bachelor - yog tsis tag kawm ntawv qib siab, thiab yog li ntawd ntseeg tau hais tias bachelors yog ua tsis tau zoo art.
• Cov yuav txo tau ntawm free chaw nyob rau hauv lub magistracy nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau txoj kev hloov mus rau ib tug ob-theem system ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Tam sim no sib txeeb kev nyiaj txiag qhov chaw tom qab bachelor nyob rau hauv lub magistracy ua npaum li cas tougher.

Tsis zoo li specialties ntawm undergraduate

Lub ntsiab sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm tus Bachelor thiab mus khiav nyob rau hauv yog hais tias lub tshwj xeeb los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nrog ib tug ntau dua theem ntawm kev txawj ntse, raws li txwv mus rau bachelors. Tsis ntev los no txoj kev tshawv no mas general kawm. Lawv nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm lawv neej yav tom ntej kev ua ub no thiab nyob rau hauv-tob specialist kawm uas lawv tshwj xeeb.

Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug sib txawv ntawm cov Bachelor thiab mus khiav kuj nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm xyoo yuav tsum tau rau kev cob qhia: bachelors yog kev kawm rau tsawg kawg plaub lub xyoos, thiab ua hauj lwm - yam tsawg kawg yog tsib xyoos. Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo undergraduate me nyuam kawm ntawv yuav nkag tau rau ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub Masters, thiab tom qab kawm tiav specialist - kawm tiav.

Yuav ua li cas yog tus Xib Hwb?

Master - qhov no yog tus thib ob feem theem kawm ntawv qib siab, uas tso cai rau koj mus tob zuj zus nws cov specialization nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia. Kev kawm ntawv lub tswv yuav siv sij hawm ob xyoos. Ntawm no npaj cov menyuam kawm ntawv kev tshawb fawb kev ua ub no, raws li zoo raws li lub chaw ua hauj lwm, uas tom qab yuav tsum tau tsim thiab analytical txawj. Sau npe nyob rau master degree yuav tau ob leeg ncej-baccalaureate thiab tom qab specialties. Muaj txoj cai mus koom nyob rau hauv cov kev sib tw yog muaj nyob rau ob qho tib si theem ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Lawv yuav kawm tau li cas kom txawj yuav ua tau rau ib tug budgetary hauv paus, thiab rau ib tug nqi. Tab sis vim yog lub zawm ntawm kev sib tw thiab cov yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov nyiaj txiag qhov chaw mus rau hauv lub qhov chaw dawb yog tsis tshua muaj yooj yim.

Nws yog tsis tsim nyog ntseeg hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los ua rau hauv lub master degree tam sim ntawd tom qab lub bachelor los yog tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yuav ua tau rau lawv tus kheej. Koj yuav tau, sawv ib tug master degree, mus pauv tau qhov tshwj xeeb, yog tias muaj ib tug xav rau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no kawm tiav yuav tsum sib npaug zos rau lub thib ob kawm ntawv qib siab.

xaus

Master tom qab tshwj xeeb - yog muaj ib tug taw tes? Qhov no yog ib tug muaj los txiav txim rau nws tus kheej. Tom qab lub specialties koj yuav mus kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv thiab txav mus rau nrog ib tug scientific degree, yog li tus tswv tsis ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm. Tab sis yog vim li cas? Thiab vim hais tias, tom qab koj ua tus tswv lub degree nyob rau hauv lub tshwj xeeb, cov me nyuam kawm ntawv tau txais tsawg kawg yog ib xyoos. Ib tug ob-theem tom qab lub koom haum saib xyuas ntawm kev kawm ntawv system yuav tau nkag mus rau lub tswv undergraduate tom qab kaw.

Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi rau xaiv - los yog ib tug tshwj xeeb nrog bachelor magistracy? Uas yog zoo dua - Master tom qab Master specialties los yog tom qab lub Bachelor? Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug yog tsis yooj yim sua, vim hais tias tag nrho cov tshuab muaj ob zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo uas yuav tsum tau suav hais tias. Niaj hnub no, ob leeg systems siv tib thov cov menyuam kawm ntawv.