Tsev khaws puav pheej "Kronstadt Fortress" St. Petersburg: hauj lwm, txheej txheem cej luam, keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb

Nyob rau hauv 1723, los ntawm decree ntawm Peter kuv nyob ze St. Petersburg, nyob rau Kotlin Island, lub fortress tso. Nws project tau tsim ib tug tub rog engineer AP Hannibal (Fabkis). Nws twb npaj tau hais tias lub tsev yuav npaum li cas los ob peb bastions koom los ntawm cov pob zeb ramparts.

nroog Kronstadt

Qhov no legendary nroog yog nyob rau ntawm cov kob ntawm Kotlin thiab surrounding me me Islands tuaj ntawm lub Gulf ntawm Finland. Nws yog ib lub xwb municipality ntawm lub Kronstadt koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm St. Petersburg. Lub nroog pej xeem yog xav paub ntxiv tshaj plaub caug-peb txhiab inhabitants.

Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm (kom txog li 1995) lub nroog raug kaw. Nyob rau hauv 1996, tsoom fwv ntawm lub teb chaws, nws tau txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv cov dawb nkag ntawm no Lavxias teb sab pej xeem raws li txawv teb chaws qhua. Los ntawm txoj kev, tourists hlub mus xyuas qhov chaw no. Xwb, no lub zos me me muaj ntau yam attractions - lub koom txoos thiab cathedrals, puas thiab sculptures, monuments rau neeg nto moo.

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias lub nroog ntawm lub tuam tsev - tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho chaw ntawm kev pe hawm, lawv yog cov saib xyuas ntawm invaluable relics txog lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab fleet. Muaj ntau tourists muaj attracted los ntawm lub nroog lub tsev ceev teej tug. Lawv kom nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej ib ncha ntawm yav dhau los hnub. Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws - lub tsev khaws puav pheej "Krondshtadskaya fortress." Nyob rau nws peb yuav qhia ntxiv hnub no.

Kronstadt fortress keeb kwm

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1724 Admiral P. I. Sivers coj cov ua hauj lwm rau qhov kev siv ntawm lub fortress. Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ib feem ntawm rau bastions hu ua nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm txoj kev Hloov Hlo, Butyrskaya, Semenov, Ingrian, Tubrog nkoj thiab Lefortovo regiments tau ua. Av rau embankments, uas tau nqa tawm siv ua hauj lwm rau lub mainland rho manually. Peb ris puag scale fortification ua hauj lwm. phab ntsa, muab tso rau rab phom ua tau, tus pej thuam ua barracks, thiab lwm yam Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub fortress twb npaj mus txhim tsa ob bastions, thiab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb - .. plaub.

Nyob rau hauv Peter kuv, qhov no txoj kev npaj twb tsis ua kev, thiab Peter II tau yooj yim zog cov fortress. Nyob rau hauv 1732, ib tug muaj zog cua daj cua dub puas lub strengthening ntawm lub thaj ib sab. Restore puas caij lug muaj rau ob peb xyoo. Siv cov kev faib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub fortress tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1734 mu. Kronstadt fortress yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib ntaus los ntawv vim hais tias ntawm lub kev hem thawj nyiag ua los ntawm cov Swedes. Ua tsov ua rog nrog Fabkis nyob rau hauv 1805 thiab 1806 ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv taw tes qhia tawm yuav tsum tau mus ntxiv dag zog rau cov phab ntsa. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav Kronstadt fortress yuav mas ib qho qhib nplaim taws.

Tom qab lub yeej tshaj qhov Fabkis nyob rau hauv 1812, ces pib ib lub thaj yeeb lub neej. Txawm li cas los, rau qhov onslaught ntawm lub ntsiab ua rau tsis tu ncua hloov cov ntoo tej chaw tiv thaiv uas muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv lub tsev fuabtais. Kronstadt nyob rau hauv 1824 twb raug mus rau ntsoog loj heev dej nyab. Cov tshwm sim yog loj kev puas tsuaj rau cov phom sib ntaus sib tua ntawd puas tiv thaiv, ntxuav tam sim ntawd ib co ntawm cov vaj tse.

Kronstadt fortress txum tim rov qab ntau tshaj rau xyoo. Nws twb tag rebuilt laj kab. Ob tug barracks nrog txuas pob zeb polubashnyami nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ib feem. Peb ntau polubashni (ib leeg-theem) tau tsa rau sab qaum teb sab. Ntawm no yog plaub defensive barracks tau nruab. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj sab ua ib qho impressive fortress phab ntsa thiab earthen rampart. Thaum pib ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua lub garrison muaj ntau tshaj li kaum xya txhiab tub rog, thiab twb tau nce mus peb caug txhiab rooj tom qab reconstruction barracks Fund.

Tsev fuabtais hnub no

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm cov feem ntau txaus ntshai tsov rog nyob rau hauv tib neeg keeb kwm nyob rau hauv Kronstadt coj nws pib ib txoj kev txuas lub besieged Leningrad nrog lub teb chaws. Niaj hnub no, qhov seem ntawm tus tiv thaiv uas lub sij hawm yog ua tib zoo fwm. Niaj hnub no Kronstadt fortress phab ntsa nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw nautical tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov rog (defensive barracks), cov tubrog nkoj Cadet Corps. Tus so ntawm lub barracks yog situated Navy kev pab cuam. Tiv pas dej tauv, roj teeb No. 1-7, polubashni №1-3, №1-5 defensive barracks yog keeb kwm thiab architectural monuments uas muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub xeev.

Raws li cov tsev khaws puav pheej los ntawm?

Thaum pib ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj 1953 exposition devoted mus rau keeb kwm ntawm lub legendary nroog qhib rau lub hauv paus ntawm Nautical Club. Txij li thaum tseem me me Tsev khaws puav pheej. Thaum pib ntawm xyoo 1973 nws los ua ib tug ceg ntawm lub Central Maritime Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub nroog. Ib feem ntawm nws raug tom qab ib tug tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Club tau ib ntus relocated mus rau lub tsev ntawm lub Naval Cathedral. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tus exhibition attracted zoo txaus siab cov neeg nyob thiab cov qhua. Tsev khaws puav pheej "Kronstadt Fortress" (St. Petersburg) qhib cov qhov rooj rau cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1980, nyob rau lub tswv yim ntawm lub yeej hnub. Niaj hnub no nws yog lub feem ntau nrov thiab feem ntau mus xyuas attractions.

St. Petersburg. Tsev khaws puav pheej "Kronstadt fortress": piav qhia

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias qhov no cim cia ua puav pheej tau tsim muaj tus nquag koom tes los ntawm lub hauv paus txawm inhabitants ntawm lub nroog. Lawv tau qhia ib tug amazing paj nyob rau hauv kev tswj thiab perpetuating lub keeb kwm ntawm Kronstadt. Local pub lub qub tsev neeg khoom, keeb kwm ntaub ntawv, duab, khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg archives li kim relics.

Niaj hnub no, cov tsev khaws puav pheej "Kronstadt Fortress" St. Petersburg muaj ib cim sau los fund, muaj ntau tshaj xya txhiab teev. Nws muaj xya chav nrog ib tug tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm yuav luag rau puas square meters, uas muaj teev cia uas muaj kev cuam tshuam lub keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog thiab ntawm lub Baltic Fleet. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ob dioramas, uas heev meej piv txwv li no rau ob tug tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov tub rog txheej xwm.

Dioramas

Ib tug ntawm lawv qhia ntawm lub yeej ntawm cov Swedish troops nyob rau hauv 1705 nyob rau hauv cov kob ntawm Kotlin. Nyob rau hauv lub center koj yuav saib tau lub regimental commanders ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog: Gamontova thiab Mikeshina thiab Colonel Tolbukhina. Mus rau sab xis yog ib tug trench, thiab nws yog expiring tub rog nrog ntshav. Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau yog pom lub liab chij, uas pib ntsais koj teeb pib ntawm hostilities. Qhov thib ob diorama hais txog tus txheej xwm ntawm 1941, thaum lub Kronstadt heroically defended los ntawm invaders.

raug

Tag nrho sau los ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej yuav tsum tau muab faib ua plaub keeb kwm theem. Ib tug ntawm lawv qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm lub founding ntawm lub nroog thiab nws lub neej ua ntej lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig. Qhov thib ob yog ib feem qhia txog cov txheej xwm uas muaj feem rau lub sij hawm los ntawm 1917 mus 1939. Thaum lub sij hawm no muaj ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj revolts nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia, uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub slogan "Fais fab mus rau lub soviets, tsis tog." Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub txim raug kev txom nyem tsis tau tsuas yog lub rebels tab sis kuj yuav luag tag nrho cov neeg ntawm lub nroog. Hais txog ob txhiab tus neeg raug tua. Rau ntau txhiab ntawm cov neeg nyob tau raug txim mus rau tsev lojcuj. Nyob rau xyoo 1922, cov neeg nyob pib forcibly evicted ntawm lawv lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm tag nrho cov neeg raug ntawm no qee tsim ib tug loj lub ntxa, uas yog ib txwm nyob mus ib txhis nplaim taws kub nyhiab.

Cov neeg tuaj saib yuav ces tshawb hauv qab no keeb kwm lub sij hawm, yuav tsum vov tej zaum qhov phem tshaj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws - lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Thaum lub sij hawm shelling ntawm lub German Cua Dag Zog Yuam Luftwaffe (1941) lub nroog twb zoo razed rau hauv av. Lawv sunk ntau ships, bombed tsev, puas yog Tubrog nkoj Yard. Surrounded los ntawm Nazi troops nroog nyob tsis muaj khoom noj khoom haus. Los ntawm Kronstadt thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog nws coj "Me me txoj kev ntawm lub neej", uas txuas nrog hma liab lub qhov ntswg thiab Orienbaumom.

Lwm keeb kwm theem qhia cov kawm lub neej ntawm lub legendary nroog, raws li zoo raws li cov dab neeg uas nws rov qab tom qab tsov rog. Ntawm cov zoo tshaj plaws daim nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg marching siab Decembrist thiab txawj sau ntawv DI Zavalishin, ib tug fragment ntawm tus ciav dej uas tau fwm los ntawm cov XIX caug xyoo, lub tsom iav raj koom Admiral M. P. Lazarevu, ib tug tshwj xeeb photo album naval chaw nres nkoj ntawm Kronstadt.

Niaj hnub no, cov tsev khaws puav pheej muaj ib qho kev nthuav exhibition "Keeb kwm ntawm shipwrecks." Ntawm no koj yuav nrhiav tau cov khoom uas tau raug tsa nrog rau shipwrecks nyob rau ntau lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub Gulf.

nthuav lus tseeb

Nruab nrab ntawm lub forts ntawm Kronstadt kuv-artillery txoj hauj lwm nws tau ua nyob rau hauv 1854 (lub xwb ib tug nyob rau lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no). Contemporaries recalled hais tias los ntawm lawv xub ntiag, nws ntshai tam sim ntawd tus yeeb ncuab ships. Forts nyob rau hauv 1990 yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub St. Petersburg ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam Site. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Fort Alexander kuv thiab Constantine nyob rau hauv lub nineties kuv pib lub Success "Fort Dance", uas ntawd kub ntev li 9 xyoo.

Yuav ua li cas tau mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej?

Yog hais tias koj txiav txim siab mus xyuas lub tsev khaws puav pheej "Kronstadt fortress", nws yog tsim nyog los paub qhov chaw nyob: Thauj tog rau nkoj hauv cheeb tsam, lub tsev tus naj npawb 2. Ntawm no nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg (tus "Laus Zos" metro chaw nres tsheb) yuav coj koj mus rau attractions ntawm lub npav naj npawb 101. Los ntawm cov "Dub dej", koj yuav tau siv tsheb tavxij tooj 405, tab sis los ntawm lub "Prospect ntawm lub Enlightenment" koj dovezot pej xeem kev thauj mus los nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj 407. nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lub tsev khaws puav pheej yuav tsum tau hu los ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm lub Baltic Railway chaw nres tsheb. Koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau tus "Oranienbaum" chaw nres tsheb, ces muab ib ferry los yog ib tug hnub qub ya, uas ncaim ntawm cov Makarov Embankment.