Trophic saw. Pasture zaub mov saw. Trophic mov Circuit Court

Trophic saw - qhov no kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv theem ntawm qhov sib txawv siav macro- thiab micro-kab los ntawm kev uas lub zog ntws nyob rau hauv ecosystems transformation thiab tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Tag nrho tsob nroj, tsiaj txhu thiab mus tsom kab mob no zoo txog rau txhua tus lwm yam nyob rau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "cov khoom noj - cov neeg siv".

yooj yim txhais cov ntsiab lus

Trophic saw - qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaj chaw ntawm tej ecosystem. Qhov no zaub mov saw. Nws qhia tau hais tias ib tug tej yam kab rov tav ib theem zuj zus ntawm lub hom. Thaum qhov no yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv lub ecosystem nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm pub biochemical zog thiab organic teeb meem. Piv txwv li: cov nyom - ib tug luav - tus hma - kab mob. Raws li txoj cai, nyob rau hauv sab saum toj ntawm cov zaub mov pyramid yog ib tug loj predator. Lub sij hawm nws tus kheej - ib tug derivative ntawm Greek lo lus "trophy", uas txhais tau tias "zaub mov". Ua ntej peb yuav nrog lub fact tias qhov no zaub mov saw, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov tswv yim xws li producers, tau txais kev pab thiab decomposers.

producers

Producers yog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm synthesizing organic teeb meem los ntawm complex mineral tebchaw. Cov no muaj xws, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, autotrophs. Cov no yog cov nroj tsuag thiab me me algae, uas los ntawm photosynthesis yuav hloov hnub ci zog mus rau hauv ib tug sab nraud biochemical. Nws accumulates nyob rau hauv lub hlwb thiab yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub metabolism. Nyob rau hauv ecosystems, piv txwv ntawm producers yog ferns, mosses thiab gymnosperms thiab flowering nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv, nws yog ib qhov plankton. Me me quav ntsuab algae - yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov tag nrho cov dej ecosystems.

consuments

Consuments - nws yog ntau hom ntawm tus kab mob no uas pub rau organic teeb meem xwb, uas yog tsim producers. Lub ecosystem los ntawm cov kev pab no hu ua heterotrophs. Nws yuav ua tau Carnivores thiab herbivores, kab. Paub qhov txawv ntawm txawv kev txiav txim ntawm cov neeg. Qhov no division yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm cov kab mob no nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov saw.

Los ntawm consuments 1 thiaj muaj xws li herbivorous tsiaj, kab thiab tej noog. Piv txwv li, cov zaub mov cav ntoo tej zaum yuav comprise ib cov saw luav, nas, mos lwj, elk. Tag nrho cov tsiaj yog los ntawm tau txais kev pab ntawm lub 1 kev txiav txim. Lawv pom qhov txawv feature yog hais tias lawv pub rau producers, uas yog nroj tsuag. Qhov no yog tsuas nas, ungulates, nab, lizards thiab ntau yam amphibians thiab kab, ntses, me me noog.

Consuments 2 thiab tom ntej kev txiav txim - nws yog tsuas predatory hom. Lawv tsim lawv proteins uas los ntawm organic khoom siv ntawm tsiaj los yog zaub keeb kwm. Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li bears, canine, feline, loj noog of prey, cov tsiaj reptiles thiab nab. Lub ecosystem ntawm lub hiav txwv no me me nyob los ntawm cov whales thiab dolphins.

decomposers

Decomposers hu pov tseg organic residues microorganisms. Qhov no kab mob thiab fungi. Lawv nyob rau hauv cov av thiab tsim kho lub kev ntawm lwj. Decomposers yog synonymous nrog lub sij hawm "destructors". Tam sim no, cov pab pawg neeg ntxiv, thiab bacteriophages.

Lub ntsiab yam ntawm trophic chains

Tsuas muaj ob theem pib hom ntawm cov zaub mov chains: detrital thiab grazing. Lawv muaj qhov sib txawv. Pasture zaub mov saw (saw los yog grazing) raws li nyob rau hauv lub complex kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntau yam pab pawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu thiab saprophytes. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv autotrophic kab mob. Qhov no yog feem ntau ib tug nroj tsuag. Raws li los ntawm herbivorous tsiaj. Piv txwv li, ungulates, los yog nas. Nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv thiab seas, nws yuav zooplankton. Thiab thaum kawg, nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov zaub mov saw yog cov txhom ntawm lub 2nd kev txiav txim. Cov hom uas tsis hunted nyob rau hauv cov qus. Piv txwv li, lub bears, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov miv tsev neeg, cov noog of prey. Tshwj xeeb yog ntev grazing cov zaub mov saw nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv. Ntawm no yog pom consuments 6 th thiab 7-th thiaj.

Detrital trophic saw raws li nyob rau hauv lub decomposition txheej txheem. Lawv yeej ib txwm koom tes fungi los yog cov kab mob saprophytes.

Detrital zaub mov saw

Tej decomposition saw yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov, thiab qhov chaw uas feem ntau ntawm cov qoob loo yog tsis noj ncaj qha herbivorous tsiaj. Tab sis nws disappears. Nws ua me me fungi thiab cov kab mob, uas yog hu ua saprophytes. Tag nrho cov khoom noj khoom haus detrital khoom noj khoom haus saw yeej ib txwm pib nrog detritus. Lawv tseem kab mob uas zom thiab nqa lawv. Tom qab ntawd muaj lub detritus thiab lawv tau txais kev pab - lub predatory hom. Lub ecosystems ntawm lub seas thiab oceans, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv sib sib zog nqus dej, thiab yog yeej los ntawm detrital saw. Muaj tej yam kev mob uas tsis ciaj sia muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm txhom, li ntawd, lawv qhov chaw yog nyob los ntawm cov kab mob.

trophic theem

Trophic saw no yog muaj li ntawm ob peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Cov mus yuav muab tau yooj yim nyob rau hauv tej ecosystem ntawm cov ntiaj chaw. Tus thawj theem yog yeej ib txwm hais producers. Qhov thib ob - los ntawm cov kev pab ntawm ib tug txawv kev txiav txim. Nyob rau hauv luv luv Circuit Court, feem ntau ntawm peb chav nyob, nyob rau hauv qhov ntev ntawm lawv tus xov tooj yog tsis tas. Tab sis yuav yeej ib txwm yuav qhov tseeb micro-kab thiab fungi. Tej trophic saw zaub mov xaus decomposers. Lawv lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv txawv ecosystems - ib tug recycling ntawm cov organic teeb meem mus rau mineral tebchaw. Cov coos zaub mov saw mov tsim nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv thiab seas. Lub shortest ntawm lawv - nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov thiab meadows. Xws li ib tug interconnected series ntawm successive trophic ntau ntau thiab ntaub ntawv ib lub hwj chim mov Circuit Court.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau ntxiv tias trophic zaub mov saw tsis yog ib txwm ua tiav. Nws yuav tau uas ploj lawm ib co qhov chaw. Tej zaum lawv "poob tawm" rau ib tug yog vim li cas los yog lwm. Firstly, tsis yeej ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov saw hlau ntawm cov nroj tsuag - producers. Lawv yog cov tsis tuaj kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv cov zej zog uas tau raug tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lwj nroj tsuag thiab (los yog) tsiaj seem. Ib tug piv txwv - tus litter ntawm nplooj nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov. Secondly, heterotrophs tej zaum yuav tsis nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov chains, piv txwv li tej tsiaj txhu. Los yog lawv yuav ua tau me me. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tib lub forests deciduous txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab tej ceg, bypassing ntawm tau txais kev pab, tam sim ntawd pib decompose. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, rau cov neeg tsim tam sim ntawd raws li los ntawm decomposers. Nyob rau hauv txhua ecosystem tsim trophic saw pib los ntawm ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob. Nyob rau hauv tej yam teebmeem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau ib feem ntawm tus txiv neej, cov circuits tej zaum yuav ntau zog los yog, raws li nws feem ntau tshwm sim vim tsis kam ntawm extinction ntawm tej units.

Piv txwv ntawm trophic chains

Trophic Circuit Court, nyob ntawm seb ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov chav nyob nws muaj, yuav ua tau tej yam yooj yim thiab fawm kib. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug yooj yim tiav Circuit Court, nyob rau hauv uas muaj cov producers, tau txais kev pab thiab decomposers, tej zaum yuav tshwm sim raws li nram no: nab taug - tus ntshuab - kab mob.

Sophisticated trophic chains muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev mus. Tiam sis feem ntau lawv muaj pes tsawg tsis ntau tshaj 6-7 nyob rau hauv uas twb muaj lawm ntuj ecosystems. Cov ntev chains yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub seas thiab oceans. Nyob rau hauv lub tshuav units feem ntau tiag tiag ecosystems 5. Muaj ntau ntau cov piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau cov zaub mov saw rau txawv yog hom twg:

1. Algae - laum - nqaj ntoo - burbot - kab mob.

2. plankton - coral - pomacentridae Ntses - Dawb Shark - cov kab mob.

3. Nyom - kooj - Qav - yeej - lub liaj.

Tag nrho cov no yog cov piv txwv ntawm grazing circuits ua npua. Tab sis muaj lwm yam kev sib raug zoo. Piv txwv li, cab saw hlau. Lawv saib raws li nram no: nyom - nyuj - ib tug tapeworm - kab mob. Tej zaum vim hais tias ntawm lub saw tej zaum yuav poob consuments: Currant - powdery pwm pwm - phage. Pasture zaub mov saw txawv los ntawm cab uas txhom ntev therein tsub kom nrog ua theem txuas ib theem zuj zus. Tab sis raws li decomposers tseem nyob twj ywm saprophytes nyob rau hauv ob leeg. Ib me ntsis txawv saib detrital saw: nplooj khib - me me fungi - kab mob.