Toompea Tsev fuabtais: Keeb kwm thiab Niaj hnub no

Ib tug ntawm cov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab nthuav sights uas niaj hnub Estonia - Toompea tsev fuabtais. Qhov no ancient fortress ua tau nyob rau hauv lub XIII xyoo pua rau lub site ntawm ib tug laus ntoo tiv thaiv. Historic Landmark tau mus txog peb hnub nyob rau hauv zoo heev mob. Niaj hnub no lub tsev fuabtais yog muaj nyob rau hauv UNESCO ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam List, nws thaj chaw tseem yuav siv tau rau pej xeem siv. Tej lub sij hawm, muaj cov coj tours rau tourists, thiab qhuas cov ancient nroog phab ntsa yuav txhua traveler.

Raws li zaj dab neeg ntawm lub Toompea

Vyshgorod - lub keeb kwm centre ntawm Tallinn, uas yog feem ntau xa mus rau raws li lub Upper lub zos. Cov ancient hais sib haum yog tsim los pab nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam nrog ib tug heev interesting toj roob hauv pes. Qhov no toj mus rau lub chaw siab tshaj, cliffs, yog nyob rau ntawm ib tug altitude ntawm 48 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntaub ntawv tus thawj hais sib haum nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no yog hais nyob rau hauv lub npe Koluvan. Tom qab ntawd lub zos hu ua Toompea thiab yog cov coob nyob rau hauv Eastland. Muaj yog ib tug zoo nkauj lus dab neeg hais txog lub zos fortress. Raws li cov Estonian pej xeem ua hauj lwm "Kalevipoeg", Toompea Tsev fuabtais ua rau lub site ntawm tus so ntawm lub mythical huab tais ntawm Kaleva. Thaum tus kav tuag, nws tus poj niam Linda ntev nyuaj. Nws tus poj niam ntawm lub huab tais faus nyob rau hauv ib tug txhawb thiab daim ntau quav tso lub ntxa pov toj ntawm pob zeb loj loj, uas tom qab los ua ib tug fortress nroog.

Qhov tseeb Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm lub fortress

By pib ntawm lub XIII xyoo pua Toompea - qhov loj tshaj plaws lub nroog nyob rau hauv Eastland. Upper nroog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb ncig los ntawm ntoo phab ntsa nrog yees nyob rau ntawm cov ces kaum. Ntawm tus taw ntawm lub tsev fuabtais pib khom peasants, liaj ua teb thiab artisans, tsim ib tug yuav khoom arcade. Thaum lub Toompea Tsev fuabtais suav hais tias raws li ib tug loj trading chaw, raws li yog nyob ze seaport. Nyob rau hauv 1219 ib tug ntoo fortress, thiab tom qab ntawd tag nrho cov Estonia tau invaded los ntawm huab tais Valdemar II (Denmark). Conqueror tam sim ntawd txaus siab rau lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm Toompea. Nyob rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tus tshiab huab tais lub tsev fuabtais muaj tau nquag reconstructed thiab muaj zog.

Historians pom zoo hais tias Valdemar II tswj kom tsim nkaus xwb ib tug khoom ntoo fortress. Twb tau nyob rau 1227, Denmark tau poob nws lub hwj chim tshaj Estonia, lub sab qaum teb thaj av tau seized los ntawm lub Xeev Kev txiav txim ntawm lub ntaj. 10 xyoo tom qab, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm Pope colony tau tso rov qab mus rau lub xeev ntawm Denmark. Denmark nyob rau hauv 1346 txiav txim siab los muag cov av mus rau Teutonic Order, uas yuav sai sai no resold Toompea tsev fuabtais thiab cheeb tsam surrounding mus rau lub Livonian Order. Txhua tswv nrhiav mus tsim kho lub tsev fuabtais. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov niaj hnub daim ntawv fortification mas yuav kis tau nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub XV caug xyoo. Nws yog lub npe hu tias cov naas ej ntauwd "Long Herman" ua raws nraim cov knights ntawm lub Livonian Order.

tsev fuabtais Architecture

Tsev fuabtais Toompea (Tallinn) nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib tug ze li ntawm txoj cai quadrangle. Fortification matured plaub yees nyob rau ntawm lub ces kaum. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - "Long Hermann" ( "Long warrior"). Pej thuam yog ua nyob rau hauv lub lig XIV xyoo pua thiab tom qab ntawd wraps. Niaj hnub no, nws qhov siab yog 48 meters. Thaum kawg qhib theem "Siab Hermann" set chij ntawm Estonia. Tej lub sij hawm tom qab ntawd, nws twb ua tau thiab lwm yam yees: "Sture qhoc chaw nkaum Kerl" ( "qhia rau tus yeeb ncuab"), "Pilshtike" ( "Li sub") thiab "Landskrona" ( "Crown teb chaws"). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tsev fuabtais yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ib tug sib sib zog nqus moat.

Toompea Tsev fuabtais (Tallinn) hnub no

Nyob rau hauv lub XVI xyoo pua, tom qab lub Livonian ua tsov ua rog, Estonian pawg neeg thaj av nyob los ntawm cov Swedes. Thaum Toompea Tsev fuabtais yog suav tias yog qhov kev siv ntawm "unfashionable" thiab outdated raws li ib tug tiv thaiv cov kwv. Vim li no, lub fortress yog tsis tau txais txaus mloog. Thaum pib ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua, Estonia yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Catherine II lub tsev fuabtais pib yaj kom haum raws li tsoom fwv. Thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm nws yog demolished ib feem ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab ib tug ntawm cov 4 yees. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, koj yuav saib tau lub tsev fuabtais niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv 1997, lub fortress officially txais tus txheej xwm ntawm lub keeb kwm attractions thiab tau muaj nyob rau hauv lub UNESCO ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam List. Niaj hnub no Toompea Tsev fuabtais (Tallinn Chaw nyob: Toompea Hill, Upper Hauv lub zos) yog tus nom lub rooj zaum ntawm lub Parliament.

Yuav ua li cas mus tau rau cov ncig saib?

Zam txim tsis tau yuam kev - mus rau Tallinn thiab tsis tau ntsib lub qhov muag ntawm Toompea fortress. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab cim ntawm Estonia, raws li zoo raws li lub tsev fuabtais muaj tau fwm zoo dua lwm leej lwm tus nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Tourists nyiam los qhuas cov panorama ntawm lub tsev fuabtais thiab yuav yees duab tawm tsam lub backdrop ntawm ancient yees. Muaj ntau cov neeg mus xav tias koj yuav tau txais sab hauv tsev? Txawm tias cov niaj hnub lub hom phiaj ntawm lub fortress, tours yeej muaj nyob rau. Yuav tsum tau sau nyob rau hauv ua ntej. Toompea Tsev fuabtais (Tallinn) hom kev lag luam tsis yog ib tug ib txwm tsev cia puav pheej. Cov fortress yuav tsum tau mus xyuas xwb nyob rau hauv lub koom haum pab pawg (los ntawm Monday mus hnub vas Xuv, los ntawm 9 am to 4 pm), Yog hais tias thov rau 5-10 hnub ua ntej qhov xav mus ntsib hnub. Hu rau ib tug tshwj xeeb mus ncig teb chaws lub koom haum thiab sau npe rau ib ncig. Yog hais tias koj xav mus ntsib lub tsev fuabtais tsuas yog los ntawm sab nraum, yuav tsum qhuas nws los ntawm sab hnub poob.