Thyristors - dab tsi yog qhov no? Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm thyristors

Thyristors - ib lub hwj chim hluav taws xob keyboards tswj los ntawm incompletely. Feem ntau, kev cov phau ntawv, koj yuav saib tau lwm lub npe ntawm no ntaus ntawv - ib-lub hom phiaj thyristor. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ib tug tswj lub teeb liab, nws yog pauv mus rau ib lub xeev - qhia. Yog hais tias koj xav mus, nws muaj xws li ib tug saw. Hais tias nws twb muab tua, nws yog tsim nyog los tsim tej yam kev mob tshwj xeeb uas muab tso ncaj qha tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court kom zero.

nta thyristors

Thyristor tuav kev hluav taws xob xwb nyob rau hauv lub rau pem hauv ntej kev taw qhia, thiab nws muaj peev xwm mas tsis tsuas ncaj qha rau hauv lub kaw txoj hauj lwm, tab sis qhov rov qab voltage. Tus qauv ntawm cov plaub-txheej thyristor, muaj peb cov lus xaus:

1. Lub anode (denoted los ntawm tsab ntawv A).
2. Lub cathode (tsab ntawv C los yog K).
3. Lub rooj vag electrode (U los yog G).

Nyob rau hauv thyristors muaj ib tug tag nrho tsev neeg tam sim no-voltage yam ntxwv, lawv yuav siv tau los txiav txim rau hauv lub xeev ntawm lub caij. Thyristors - ib tug heev haib hluav taws xob hauv lub lag luam, lawv yuav tau mus nqa tawm switching circuits, ib tug voltage yuav mus txog 5,000 volts thiab cov amperage - 5000 amperes (lub zaus yog tsis ntau tshaj 1000 Hz).

Ua hauj lwm thyristors nyob rau hauv DC

Tej thyristor yog tshuab txais los ntawm muab ib tug tam sim no muaj mem tes rau cov kev tswj davhlau ya nyob twg. Ntxiv mus, nws yuav tsum zoo (nrog rau kev hwm rau cov cathode). Lub duration ntawm lub nraum load nyob xwm (inductive, active), cov amplitude thiab tus nqi ntawm sawv ntawm qhov tam sim no muaj mem tes nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj Circuit Court, qhov kub ntawm lub semiconductor siv lead ua thiab cov ntaub ntawv voltage thiab tam sim no Circuit Court muaj thyristors. Cov yam ntxwv Circuit Court yog ncaj qha nyob rau qhov zoo ntawm lub semiconductor caij.

Nyob rau hauv hais tias Circuit Court, nyob rau lub thyristor yog, unacceptably siab tshwm sim nqi ntawm voltage sawv. Namely, xws li ib tug nqi uas tus txawj switching caij (txawm yog tias tsis muaj cov teeb liab nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj Circuit Court). Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj teeb liab yuav tsum heev nqes hav.

txoj kev tawm

Ob hom switching thyristors yog:

1. Ntuj.
2. Yuam.

Thiab tam sim no nyob rau hauv ntau yam txog txhua. Ntuj tshwm sim thaum lub thyristor ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug AC Circuit Court. Thiab li no commutation thaum tam sim no poob rau xoom. Tab sis nqa tawm rau yuam switching yuav ua tau ib tug ntau ntawm txawv txoj kev. Yuav ua li cas thyristor tswj kom xaiv ib tug tsim tawm los daws kom tau rau hauv Circuit Court, tab sis yuav tsum tham txog txhua yam nyias.

Qhov tseem raug txoj kev yog mus cuag lub yuam commutation capacitor uas tau raug them nyob rau hauv ua ntej los ntawm kev siv ib lub pob (tseem ceeb). LC-Circuit Court yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub thyristor tswj Circuit Court. Qhov no saw muaj ib tug siab them capacitor. Nraum hloov mus hloov los tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no load Circuit Court.

Txoj kev yuam commutation

Muaj ob peb hom ntawm yuam commutation. Feem ntau siv Circuit Court, uas siv ib tug switching capacitor muaj ib tug ntxeev polarity. Piv txwv li, lub capacitor yuav hloov mus rau hauv lub Circuit Court los ntawm txoj kev ib tug pab thyristor. Qhov no yuav ua rau lub paug rau cov thawj (ua hauj lwm) thyristor. Qhov no yuav ua nyob rau hauv hais tias lub capacitor tam sim no qhia mus rau qhov ncaj tam sim no lub ntsiab thyristor, yuav txo tau qhov tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court cia rau zero. Thiaj li yuav tau tawm thyristor. Qhov no tshwm sim rau yog vim li cas hais tias cov thyristor ntaus ntawv nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv uas yog tshwj xeeb rau nws.

Muaj kuj schemes nyob rau hauv uas LC-kev cob cog rua saw. Lawv tawm (thiab nrog variations). Thaum pib ntawm paug tam sim no ntws mus rau tus neeg ua haujlwm, thiab lawv tseem ceeb tom qab lub hloov yog switched thyristor. Tom qab saw ntawm oscillatory tam sim no ntws los ntawm cov thyristor nyob rau hauv lub semiconductor diode. Yog li, raws li ntev raws li tam sim no tsev mus rau lub thyristor yog thov ib tug voltage. Nws modulo sib npaug zos rau cov voltage nco thoob plaws lub diode.

Ua hauj lwm thyristors nyob rau hauv AC circuits

Yog hais tias ib tug thyristor muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug AC Circuit Court, yuav nqa tawm xws hauj lwm:

1. Pab kom los yog lov tes taw hluav taws xob Circuit Court nrog active-resistive los yog resistive load.
2. Hloov qhov nruab nrab thiab rms tam sim no uas kis tau los ntawm lub load, uas muaj peev xwm los tswj ib lub mov tswj lub teeb liab.

Nyob rau hauv thyristor lub lag luam, yog ib tug feature - lawv ua tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug coj xwb. Thiaj li, yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub circuits tsim nyog los siv alternating tam sim no, tsim nyog yuav tau mus thov counter-thaum uas tig mus kev twb kev txuas. Tam sim no thiab nruab nrab tam sim no qhov tseem ceeb yuav sib txawv vim lub fact tias lub sij hawm ntawm lub teeb liab nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv thyristors. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub thyristor hwj chim yuav tsum tau raws li qhov tsawg kawg nkaus uas yuav tsum tau.

Cov theem kev tswj txoj kev

Thaum lub theem tswj txoj kev yam uas yuam switching load hloov tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov lub ces kaum ntawm lub theem. Dag switching yuav ua tau los ntawm txoj kev tshwj xeeb circuits, los yog lwm yam uas koj yuav tsum tau siv ib tug tag nrho tswj (lockable) thyristors. Nyob rau lawv lub hauv paus, feem ntau yog ua ntaus charger thyristor, uas tso cai rau koj mus kho cov zog ntawm qhov tam sim no , nyob ntawm seb nyob rau theem ntawm roj teeb xwb.

Mem tes dav modulated tswj

Nws tseem hu ua PWM tes taws los piav. Thaum lub sij hawm qhib ntawm lub tswj lub teeb liab nkag mus rau lub thyristors. Zaus yog qhib, thiab muaj ib tug load voltage. Thaum lub sij hawm kaw (thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho txoj kev hloov txheej txheem) yog noj ib tug tswj lub teeb liab, li no thyristors tsis ua tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv kev siv cov theem tswj tam sim no nkhaus yog tsis sinusoidal, ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv voltage teeb liab daim ntawv. Thiaj li, muaj yog tseem cuam tshuam tau txais kev pab uas yog nkag rau siab zaus teeb (incompatibility tshwm). Tej yam yooj yim tsim muaj ib tug thyristor regulator, uas tso cai rau tsis muaj teeb meem los mus hloov lub yam nqi. Thiab nws tsis yog tsim nyog yuav tau mus thov loj heev Latro.

thyristors lockable

Thyristors - qhov no yog ib tug heev haib hluav taws xob keyboards siv rau switching siab voltages thiab currents. Tab sis muaj lawv muaj ib tug lossis loj qhov khuam - tsis tiav tswj. Thiab yog hais tias hais, nws zoo nkaus li uas mus tua cov thyristor yog tsim nyog los tsim tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv uas qhov ncaj tam sim no yuav tsum raug txo kom zero.

Nws yog qhov no feature imposes ib co kev txwv rau cov kev siv ntawm thyristors, thiab complicates rau hauv Circuit Court raws li nyob rau hauv lawv. Yog xav tau tshem ntawm xws drawbacks, tshwj xeeb tsim ntawm lub thyristors, uas yog xauv lub teeb liab nyob rau hauv ib tug tswj electrode tau raug tsim. Lawv hu ua dvuhoperatsionnymi, los yog muab xauv, thyristors.

Tus tsim ntawm lub thyristor tig-off

Plaub-txheej qauv ntawm p-n-p-n los ntawm cov thyristor nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Lawv muab lawv sib txawv ntawm cov pa thyristors. Nws tam sim no mus txog rau lub tag nrho lub caij ntawm kev tswj. Cov tam sim no-voltage yam ntxwv (zoo li qub) rau lub rau pem hauv ntej kev taw qhia yog tib yam li hais tias ntawm qhov dog dig thyristors. Ntawm no yog cov cia li ib tug tib neeg tam sim no thyristor yuav kis ntau los ntawm tus nqi. Tab sis thaiv cov hlab siab rov qab voltage muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv xauv thyristors yog tsis muab. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv anti-thaum uas tig mus nrog cov semiconductor diode.

Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm lub qhov rooj tig-off thyristor - ib tug tseem ceeb nco nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej voltages. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav disconnect, cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau tso zis rau cov kev tswj ntawm ib tug haib tam sim no muaj mem tes (tsis zoo, nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1: 5 rau ib tug tib neeg tam sim no tus nqi). Tab sis tsuas yog tus mem tes dav yuav tsum tau me me li sai tau - 10 ... 100 ms. Lockable thyristors muaj ib sab tsis pub tshaj tus nqi ntawm voltage thiab tam sim no tshaj li niaj zaus. Qhov txawv yog hais txog 25-30%.

hom thyristors

Saum toj no raug xam tias yog lockable, tab sis muaj tseem muaj ntau hom semiconductor thyristors, uas yog tseem muaj nqis mentioning. Nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau sib txawv (cov chargers, keyboards, lub hwj chim regulators) siv tej hom thyristors. Qhov chaw yuav tsum tau mus tswj ua los ntawm muab lub teeb flux, ces, siv optotiristors. Nws feature yog hais tias lub semiconductor siv lead ua yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj Circuit Court, uas yog sensitive mus rau lub teeb. Tsis thyristors yog sib txawv, tag nrho cov ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas yog tshwj xeeb rau lawv. Yog li ntawd nws yog tsim nyog rau yam tsawg kawg nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim xwb ntawm yog dab tsi hom ntawm semiconductors, muaj thiab qhov chaw uas lawv yuav siv tau. Yog li ntawd, ntawm no yog tag nrho daim ntawv thiab lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm txhua hom:

1. Diode-thyristor. Sib npaug rau no caij - cov thyristor yog kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv anti-thaum uas tig mus semiconductor diode.
2. Shockley diode (diode thyristor). Nws yuav mus rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm tag nrho cov conduction, yog hais tias lawv tshaj ib tug tej yam voltage theem.
3. Triac (SYM thyristor). Equivalent - ob thyristors muaj nyob rau hauv anti-thaum uas tig mus.
4. Thyristor inverter ceev siab switching ceev raws (5 ... 50 ms).
5. Thyristors tswj FET. Koj muaj peev xwm feem ntau nrhiav tau qhov kev siv raws li nyob rau hauv hlis transistors.
6. Kho qhov muag thyristors, uas tswj cov khiav ntawm lub teeb.

Cov kev siv ntawm kev ruaj ntseg lub caij

Thyristors - yog li ntawd tseem ceeb heev rau tus nqi ntawm sawv ntawm pem hauv ntej tam sim no thiab rau pem hauv ntej voltage. Rau lawv, raws li rau lub semiconductor diodes, tsiag ntawv los ntawm tshwm sim ntawm cov khiav ntawm rov qab rov qab tam sim no, uas yog ceev heev thiab sharply poob rau xoom, ntxiv rau qhov no qhov yuav ua rau muaj surge. Qhov no overvoltage yog vim lub fact tias sai nres tam sim no nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntsiab ntawm cov Circuit Court, uas muaj inductance (txawm ultra tsawg inductance cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub rooj sib txoos - cov nyob ntawm tej, khiav card). Yuav kom siv cov kev tiv thaiv tsim nyog los siv ntau yam schemes kom tso cai rau dynamic hom tiv thaiv siab voltages thiab currents.

Feem ntau, cov inductive impedance ntawm lub voltage qhov chaw, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug thyristor Circuit Court khiav hauj lwm, muaj ib tug nqi xws li hais tias nws yog ntau tshaj li txaus kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj ntxiv muaj xws li ib co ntxiv Circuit Court inductance. Vim li no, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum nquag siv saw tsim switching txoj kev uas ho thiaj li tus nqi thiab theem ntawm surge nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court thaum lub thyristor yog muab tua. Capacitive-Resistive saw feem ntau siv rau cov hom phiaj. Lawv muaj xws li ib tug thyristor nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus. Muaj ib tug heev ob peb hom Circuit Court hloov ntawm tej circuits, raws li zoo raws li cov hom kev kawm rau lawv cov muab xam, tsis rau cov lag luam ntawm thyristors nyob rau hauv ntau yam hom thiab tej yam kev mob. Tab sis lub saw tsim txoj kev switching tig-off thyristor yog tib yam li hais tias ntawm lub transistors.