"Stealth" technology. Lub aircraft F-117A, C-37 "Golden Dav dawb hau" thiab lwm yam

Zog ntawm Guj kuj tau ntev tau tawm tsam nrog lub tebchaws United States rau qhov muaj feem thib rau lub creation ntawm lub dav hlau tua rog nees nkaum-thawj ib puas xyoo, sib txuas ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug supersonic supermanevrennoy kev sib ntaus los lub tsheb thiab "Stealth" technology. Lub dav hlau, uas muaj xws qualities, yuav tsum tsis txhob overreach radar thiab infrared txhais tau tias ntawm kev soj. Cov kev siv ntawm xws li ib tug yav tom ntej fighter tsis tsuas muaj dramatically txhim kho lub efficiency ntawm lub teb chaws huab cua rog, tab sis kuj muab ib tug haib sib cav nyob rau hauv cov kev sib tw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no caj npab ua lag luam.

Kom txog thaum heev ntev los no, tus ua tsim bureaus thiab aircraft manufacturers nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau muab nyob rau hauv ib lub tsheb huab cua kev sib ntaus los xws contradictory cov yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv lub hauj nam. Ntxiv mus, Zog ntawm Guj kuj tseem feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm catch-up. Combines tag nrho cov qualities, "Stealth" technology ua aircraft yuav tsum tau ua ib tug loj muaj zog tshaj card nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam txog nrog rau ntau yam geopolitical teeb meem.

Piv txwv li, Mig-29 yog tsim raws li ib tug txaus cov lus teb rau cov creation ntawm lub American F-18 fighter, thiab Su-27 yog ib tug zoo ntawm counterweight F-15. Thiab txawm hais tias tag nrho cov qauv nyob rau lub sij hawm yog ib tug tiag tiag txhob thiab ib tug loj nce qib nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm aviation, niaj hnub tej lus qhuab qhia yuav tsum tau cov kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug fundamentally tshiab fighter, sib txuas rau yav tom ntej kev ua tau zoo yam ntxwv nrog technology "Stealth". Lub aircraft, kev siv ntawm uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug lub tswv yim, yuav tsum tsis txhob tsuas yuav muaj radars, tab sis kuj muaj cov qualities ntawm multipurpose supersonic maneuverability thiab kev sib ntaus los lub tsheb.

American aircraft pom "Stealth» F-117 yog tsis muaj peev xwm mus coj tau lawv designers mus rau lub lub hom phiaj. Qhov no cav muaj ib tug heev coj davhlau kawm thiab yuav tsis coj ib feem nyob rau hauv loj cua battles. United States Air Force rau siv lossis loj nyiaj txiag cov nyiaj rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tiag tiag zoo thiab pom tsis tau radar winged predator. Txawm li cas los, los ze zog mus rau lub realization ntawm no ua hauj lwm, lawv kuj muaj peev xwm tsuas nyob rau hauv lub Autumn ntawm xyoo 1997, thaum peb pib tshuaj ntsuam txog ntawm tus F-22 "Raptor".

Tab sis lub sij hawm no lub American aircraft manufacturers yuav tsis suav rau cov unconditional primacy. Txij li thaum lub Sukhoi pib davhlau xeem tshuab S-37 "Berkut" cia li ob lub lis piam tom qab nws sib tw. Raws li authoritative kev kwv yees ntawm cov tub rog kws txawj, lub Lavxias teb sab fighter vastly superior "Raptor", mas vim yog lub cim rau pem hauv ntej-swept tis. Tag nrho cov no coj cov kev sib tw ntawm engineering thiab technology rau ib tug tshiab puag ncig ntawm confrontation.

Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm lub lag luam mus txeeb Iraqi cov roj teb, ntso npe hu ua "suab puam Cua daj", US cov tub rog hauj lwm tas qhuas nws F-117A aircraft lub tuam txhab "Lockheed". Cov "dub dab" ua ob peb ntsoog loj heev raids nyob rau hauv Baghdad, Iraqi cua defenses yuav tsis pom nyob rau hauv cov ntxaij vab tshaus ntawm lawv radars. Qhov no dav hlau "Stealth", uas qhia tau hais tias ib daim duab zoo meej geometry ntawm lub tsheb, yog lub embodiment ntawm peb caug-xyoo dag zog ntawm American engineers los tsim no technology.

Rov qab nyob rau hauv 1962 lub tuam txhab "Lockheed" sim los ua ib tug stealth aircraft A-12. Chiv, cov kev siv zog tsis tau yielded cov yam tshwm sim. Koj tseem yuav nco ntsoov rau hauv lub "stealth" aircraft, tus naas ej aerial reconnaissance ntawm lub sij hawm lub SR-71, tau txais nws lub npe menyuam yaus "Black Bird" vim hais tias ntawm cov xim sib nug xov mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb txheej uas absorbs xov tooj cua tsis. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1970s, nrog rau cov ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm computer technology thiab lub cajmeem lub davhlau nws nyob tau ntawm computer modeling. Txij li thaum lub tshuab tau raug tsim, uas muaj ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus radiozametnost. Twb tau nyob rau 1975, lub tuam txhab "Lockheed" designers tau tsim thawj tsab stealth aircraft. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no 1977, thawj ya mus rau nqe ntaus rog tsheb ntawm lub tshiab tiam F-117A, thiab rau xyoo tom qab ntawd nws tau txais ib tug US Cua Dag Zog Yuam.

Txhawb los ntawm no txoj kev vam meej lub Pentagon tso cai lub tuam txhab "Northrop" tsim tib technology ib tug tshiab xaiv yaam bomber, invulnerable rau yeeb ncuab cua defenses. Lag luam, uas ntawd kub ntev li cuaj xyoo, ua kom tiav qhov kev siv ntawm lub tshuab, code los B-2. Thaum koj tsim tau tag nrho cov ntawm lawv cov "pom" Americans txaus siab yog tsis txawv teb chaws technology, raws li muaj ib tug ntau ntawm siab tales, thiab nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb cov compatriots.

Yuav kom nqus xov tooj cua tsis, lawv siv ib tug tshwj xeeb txheej cov ferromagnetic lub cev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov Americans resorted mus rau ib tug ntau yam ntxiv tweaks. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub tshuab yuav luag tag nrho cov ntsiab ua los ntawm uas tsis yog-kev tawg puas ntaub ntawv xws li carbon fiber. Tag nrho xyaw tau nruab nrog lub suab nrov-suppressing npog thiab yuam txias tshuab, uas txo cov kev siv ntawm cov infrared emission. Thiab ib tug ntau ntawm dab tsi twb siv nyob rau hauv lub US "stealth".

Tiam sis ntawm no yog ib tug tsim nyog lo lus nug hais txog cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm. Thiab nws hloov tawm hais tias ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj (billions ntawm cov nyiaj!) Lub sij hawm. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov cav tov thiaj li capricious nyob rau hauv lub lag luam uas npaj lawv rau lub davhlau yuav tsuas yuav nyob puag airfield. Tsis tas li ntawd raws li nws muab tawm hais tias raws li sai li "Stealth" yog ntub dej, nws pib tshwm meej meej nyob rau hauv lub radar screen, zoo li lub Invisible txiv neej los ntawm lub npe nrov tshiab los ntawm HG Wells. Tej zaum nws yog rau no yog vim li cas hais tias thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog nyob rau hauv Yugoslavia, F-117A twb xuas phom tua cia nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov thawj missions.

Tab sis thaum kawg dobilo daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas ntawm American zaum thiab aircraft manufacturers nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov invention, ua nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob qhov twg ib tug fundamentally tshiab technology rau kev tsim radionevidimosti yog tsim. Nyob ze ze ntawm lub dav hlau generated los ntawm tshwj xeeb ntshav huab, yog li quaj tawv heev absorbing electromagnetic vuag, lub visibility ntawm lub tshuab rau lub radar screen yog txo los ntawm ntau tshaj ib puas lub sij hawm.