State Xwm Biosphere cia "Khanka" Primor: piav qhia

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb xav tham txog lub "Khanka" xwm zeem cia. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub Western nqaum tiaj Khanka, Chernigov, Khorol, Kirov, Spassky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Primorye Territory. Reserve yog tsim los pab nyob rau hauv 1990 nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm wintering thiab ua zes noog.

Muab lub zeem cia txoj hauj lwm

"Khanka" State Xwm Reserve yog nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub Primorsky Territory, nyob rau lub shores ntawm lub pas dej Khanka, nyob ze ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab-Suav ciam teb.

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub biosphere cia yog yeej los ntawm herbaceous hav iav meadows. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj yog inhabited plaub caug yim hom tsiaj, thiab plaub ntawm lawv txawm tau teev tseg nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv Russia. Reserve "Khanka" muaj thaj tsam ntawm ntau tshaj 39 000 hectares. Qhov no muaj ib tug loj cheeb tsam ntawm dej dej tsis qab ntsev pas dej Khanka, uas yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug txaus uas nws kim heev hav marshes.

Nqaum pawg neeg thaj av ntawm lub pas dej Khanka nplua nuj hav iav, tiaj nyom thiab hav zoov nroj tsuag, qhov tseem ceeb yog pom tau hais tias hav meadows thiab marshes. Ntug dej hiav txwv npog ntau heev heev reeds, sedges, mixed nyom meadows.

Tab sis raws li tom hav zoov nroj tsuag, lawv yog fragmented. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog teem rau Luzanova toj. Nyob rau qhov chaw no loj hlob Aspen, Mongolian Oaks, lindens, velvet.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm tus tiv thaiv cheeb tsam

Nyob rau hauv 1971 Khanka pas dej thiab cov av puag ncig cheeb tsam tau raug lees paub tias nraum ntawm thoob ntiaj teb tseem ceeb. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv lub twenties ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1990 nyob ntawm no cia "Khanka" raug tsim - cov tub ntxhais hluas heev, kuv muaj peev xwm txawm hais tias tus yau nyob ib ncig ntawm Primorsky Krai.

Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1996, lub Lavxias teb sab thiab Suav tsoom fwv kos npe rau ib daim ntawv cog lus los tsim kom muaj nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Tuam Tshoj tus tiv thaiv cheeb tsam "Shinkai-Hu" Khanka thiab tiv thaiv daim av "Lake Khanka" thoob ntiaj teb cia.

Nyob rau hauv me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm peatland reserves nws tau raug tsa. Ib tug ntawm lawv - yog lub cheeb tsam "Pine". Nws tau raug tsa nyob rau hauv 1965 tau. Muaj kuj yog xws li reserves, "Hav dej" (1948), "Khanka" (1963), "tus Cawm Seej" (1962).

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias tag nrho cov kev tiv thaiv cheeb tsam no yog muab faib mus rau hauv tsib qhov chaw lig cais:

1. Zajlus "Pine" cheeb tsam ntawm 375 hectares.
2. "Hav dej" ntawm qhov chaw. Nws cheeb tsam yog 12.494 hectares.
3. Zajlus "Melgunovsky" cheeb tsam ntawm 300 hectares.
4. Lub tsev kawm ntawv "dab ntxwg nyoog lub hav iav". Nws cheeb tsam yog 16.641 hectares.
5. "Crane" site. Nws cheeb tsam yog 9479 hectares.

kev nyab xeeb

Reserve "Khanka" yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm monsoon kev nyab xeeb. Vim hais tias ntawm no muaj cov loj loj raws caij nyoog thiab diurnal kub variations. Lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no uas muaj me ntsis daus, thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav - qhuav thiab txias, lub caij ntuj sov - caij los nag thiab sov so. Thaum lub sij hawm hauv lub xyoo, dej nag yog heev sis tsis ncaj. Lub coldest lub hlis ntawm lub xyoo yog ib hlis ntuj, qhov kub thiab txias yuav poob rau -20 degrees. Tab sis lub warmest lub sij hawm - Lub Xya hli ntuj, thaum kub nyob rau hauv tus pas ntsuas kub yog teem 20 degrees.

av

Prihantiyskie lowlands yog alluvial nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Lawv yog ua los ntawm lub pas dej sediments, mas av nplaum thiab av zoo ua qoob. pas dej nestled xuab zeb hauv qab. Nyob rau kom qhov chaw no loams. Tab sis nyob rau lub tiaj chaw yeej los ntawm los thiab ib nrab-los av. Peat qab ntug yog tsis heev loj - tsis muaj ntau tshaj li tsib caug centimeters. Thiab hauv qab no yog cov av nplaum, uas yog ib tug waterproof txheej, uas ua rau marshy av.

Xwm cia

Raws li peb tau hais tias, muaj kev ruaj ntseg tsam cov hom phiaj kev "Khanka" Reserve - yog, saum toj no tag nrho, cov uas tsis muaj-dag meadows nrog cov hav iav thiab hav zoov nroj tsuag. Ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub pas dej overgrown nrog reeds thiab sedges. Tsob ntoo yog interspersed nrog lov tas vau. Thaum tus taw ntawm lub toj koj yuav saib tau lub hav meadows. Hav zoov heev me ntsis. Songacha dej nyob rau ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm tus dej koj yuav saib tau lub chaw ntawm cov tsis tshua muaj ntoo qhib thiab cov hmoov tshauv ntoo. Lub sab hnub tuaj ntug dej ntawm lub pas dej Khanka npog tej yam nroj. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias tus muaj ntawm lub zeem cia muaj xws li 712 hom vascular cov nroj tsuag: 32 - tsob ntoo hom, 43 - fab, 3 - ntxhov hmab, 9 - shrubs, 625 - herbaceous nroj tsuag.

Bogs npog txog xya caum feem pua ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv thaj chaw. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature yog lawv yooj yim qauv. Qhov no yog manifested nyob rau hauv lub fact tias, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yog yeej los ntawm ib tug los yog ob tug ntawm los cov nroj tsuag, uas tag npog lub nyob av. Muaj plaub hom nraum: sedge, reed, sedge, krupnotravnye thiab paj rwb nyom-sedge.

Yog hais tias peb tham txog krupnotravnyh marshes, lawv mas muaj xws li pas nrig, cattail qus mov, qab zib li ib txwm. Qhov no yog tus thawj theem ntawm eutrophication. Thaum lub sij hawm tom ntej dewatering tsim sedge, thiab ces reed-sedge marshes, uas tom qab hloov mus rau reed nyom meadows. Nws yog ib cov lub cev ntawm cov dej yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau Waterfowl, uas yog pom tau tias muaj kev tiv thaiv, tiam sis kuj tus tsim nyog cov zaub mov.

Meadows, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib mus rau hauv ob hom: ntub, ntub. Yog li ntawd, reed nyom meadows sawv cev tsawg tshaj li ib feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam. Lawv muab tso rau tsuas yog nyob rau marshy av. Moistened profusely los yog phem heev. Lawv cov yam ntxwv nroj tsuag - skullcap, uzkolisty reed, reed Langsdorf. Tshuaj yog loj hlob siab thiab tuab.

Tab sis Langsdorfeynikovye meadows teem rau swampy av. Lawv pom ib tug tag nrho ntawm kaum ob hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nyom thiab mixed nyom meadows kuj tau dab tsi rau tsis muaj ntau tshaj li kaum ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag.

Tab sis tus kav tauj los-forb meadows hais twb nees nkaum tshuaj ntsuab, nyob rau hauv lawv: bentgrass, rue, Calamagrostis uzkolisty, bedstraw.

Noog Sanctuary

Reserve "Khanka" - ib tug vaj kaj siab rau Waterfowl thiab dej noog. Ib tug tag nrho ntawm 336 hom kaw no. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj rau amphibian hom thiab xya hom ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles, tseem muaj zoo-paub Far Eastern vaub kib nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv.

Lub zeem cia yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm yug me nyuam thiab raws caij nyoog migrations ntawm cov noog. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no 110 hom noog ua zes noog. Txhua txhua xyoo muaj txog 25 officers ntawm zes liab-crowned cranes, 8 officers duarskih cranes. Tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm txhua hom crane los rau ib puas neeg. Tsis ntev los no nce nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm Far Eastern storks, tam sim no lawv yog ua zes thiab 25 officers. Thaum lub sij hawm loj rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav noog tsiv teb tsaws Hanke nres mus txog 500 txhiab hom os, us thiab kuab. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib qho zoo kawg pom. Yuav koj xav txog tej yam dab tsi ib qho zoo kawg tooj ntawm cov noog nyob rau tib lub sij hawm feeb meej nyob rau hauv ib zaug xwb, albeit loj pas dej.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, tsuas "Khanka" cia zes Intermediate Egret thiab Reed Parrotbill.

Nyob rau qhov cia kaw 69 hom ntses, 9 ntawm lawv yog muab teev raws li endangered. Nyob rau hauv qhov dej ntawm kev tiv thaiv spawning thaj av Plagiognathops Microlepis, perch-Auha, dub Amur bream, thiab catfish Soldatov.

tsiaj ntiaj teb no

"Khanka" cia, cov tsiaj uas txawv nyob rau hauv hom ntau haiv, boasts ib tug tsis tshua muaj heev zaus. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub kev tiv thaiv cheeb tsam kaw ntau tsawg hom uas muaj npe nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv thiab liab Phau Ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Primorye, ntau tshaj li nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev ua si reserves. Reserve "Khanka" occupies tus thawj txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv thaj chaw ntawm lub Primorsky Territory. Ntawm 112 tsawg tsiaj ntawm cov cheeb tsam no 60 yog pom nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia.

Ntawm no kuj yog kaw 45 hom ntawm cov tsiaj. Daim ntawv teev cov neeg uas yog tas li nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, nrog rau 8 hom insectivores, 12 nas, 9 hom predatory noog, lagomorphs 2 thiab ib tug hoofed. Tsis tshua muaj tsiaj uas muaj los ntawm plaub hom. Lawv muaj tag nrho cov uas muaj npe nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub zeem cia yog cov feem ntau nas xws li teb nas, gray nas, Far Eastern vole, Dahurian hamster, Amur Hedgehog, loj dawb-toothed shrew. Nyob rau hauv meadows plurality lwj uas phem uas muaj grasses. Nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw nyob cia li hlos xim av thiab Himalayan bears. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub kev tiv thaiv cheeb tsam nyob tsiaj uas muaj npe nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv Russia. Cov lawv tus naas ej Siberian Tsov, thiab tus liab hma, Far leatherback vaub kib.

Muaj cov neeg tsiaj uas tsis tu ncua los yog puav mus nrog contiguous chaw uas zoo heev: Himalayan thiab xim av bears, mink, qus boars, tsov, dawb vog mos lwj thiab wapiti.

ancient cov neeg

Lub zeem cia rau cov kob Riabokon pom chaw nres tsheb ancient cov neeg. Lub earliest finds yuav mus rau lub qub Pob zeb Muaj hnub nyoog, lawv tau dab tsi rau txog 15 txhiab xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kuj nrhiav tau thaum ntxov Neolithic monuments, numbering 7500 xyoo, raws li zoo raws li lub caij sij hawm Neolithic (5000 xyoo), lub hnub nyoog bronze thiab hlau.

Zaum ntseeg cia ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob qhov twg ib tug me me rau thaj tsam yog feeb meej ib tug ntau ntawm archaeological finds hais txog ib tug ntau yam uas muaj hnub nyoog.

Qhov no ntawm no yog ib qhov chaw zoo - "Khanka" cia. Primor nowhere lwm tus muaj xws li ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm archaeological chaw.

Cim qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia

Los ntawm ib tug scientific point of view, muaj ib tug kiag li cim khoom nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia. Ib tug yog lub zej zog oxytrope Khanka, inhabits cov dhaus Cape Arsenyev, Cape Przewalski thiab Pine Island.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov kev tiv thaiv thaj av loj hlob (nyob rau hauv Ilistaya estuary) cim thickets qhaus Komarov.

Tab sis Melgunovka estuary boasts cov coob pawg ntawm herons nyob rau hauv lub Far East. Thaum lub sij hawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tsiv teb tsaws chaw no yog cov loj loj tsiaj ntawm noog.

Riabokon rau cov kob, nyob rau hauv yav qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv, yog qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Maritime cheeb tsam, nyob qhov twg loj hlob licorice blednotsvetnaya, sau npe nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv Primorye.

Yuav ua li cas kom tau mus rau hauv lub zeem cia?

Cov nyob ze lub zos mus rau lub zeem cia - nws Spassk-Far. Qhov no yog qhov chaw uas tus thawj coj loo lub Khanka cheeb tsam. Nws yog nyob 220 kilometers ntawm Vladivostok. Los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv Spassk Far yuav hu tau los ntawm lub tsheb npav. Nws mus taug kev ib tug lub sij hawm ib hnub twg.

Chaw nyob koom haum saib xyuas: Primorsky Territory, Spassk-Far, Ershov txoj kev, 10.

es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug epilogue

"Khanka" Reserve - tus yau nyob rau hauv lub Maritime cheeb tsam. Txawm li cas los, lub pas dej Khanka, nyob rau hauv nws cov chaw uas zoo heev, tau ntev lawm lub zeem cia ntawm thoob ntiaj teb qhov tseem ceeb rau cov noog. Ua tau, lub hom phiaj ntawm lub zeem cia yog cov kawm thiab cov preservation ntawm tej yam ntuj tso phenomena thiab cov txheej txheem, kev ua lej khu thiab preservation ntawm lub noob pas dej ua ke muaj thiab fauna. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig raws li txoj cai ntawm ib cheeb tsam cuam tshuam los ntawm ib tug loj concentration ntawm tsawg tsawg thiab endangered nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu. Lub zeem cia yog ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nrog ib tug zoo kawg concentration ntawm cov noog, ua rau nws ib tug tshwj xeeb thiab tseem ceeb heev rau noog.