Soob Ru tsev: hom, qauv, Cheebtsam thiab cov khoom siv

Cov kev siv ntawm lub-ru tsev yog lub theem kawg ntawm kev tsim kho tej yam uas lub tsev. Nws plays ib tug luag hauj lwm tsis tau tsuas yog technical, tab sis kuj yog ib tug lub tsev kho kom zoo nkauj. Yog hais tias koj txiav txim siab hais tias koj pab yuav tsum pitched ru tsev, koj yuav tsum paub hais tias xws li designs yog complex. Nyob rau hauv tus duab ntawm lub nruab nrab kem yuav inclined ru tsev Gable, hipped los yog pent. Tej designs yuav muaj sib txawv heev ntaub ntawv :. Capstan, pyramidal, conical, etc. Lub climatic tej yam kev mob ua feem ntau pitched ru tsev rustic siv.

piav

Pitched ru tsev txhawb tej yam ntuj tso runoff ntawm dej nag thiab yaj daus. Lub txiav txim los ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm uas tus chute yog inclined mus rau cov kab rov tav. Cov lug muaj ib tug kaum sab xis ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li 5 °, txawm li cas los, thiab tsim yog cov nyob rau hauv uas tus neeg feem muaj ib tug ncaj kaum sab xis. Nyob rau dab tsi lub zuag qhia tag nrho architecture ntawm lub tsev, cov kev nyab xeeb, nto finish, thiab xaiv cov ntaub ntawv uas, pitched ru tsev yuav muaj ib tug kev ntaus ntawv. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias tus yob yog ib tug heev heev ntawm los nag thiab lub ru tsev npog yog tsis heev tuab, lub du yuav tsum tau txias nyob rau hauv koj cheeb tsam. Thaum muaj zog cua los txo nto siab yuav tsum flatter. Yog hais tias koj raug tuaj tos tus nqes hav, ces koj yuav tsum tau txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho thiab ua hauj lwm cov nqi. Tawv siv kim kim, vim nws tso cai rau cov kev siv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tej.

Main hom pitched ru tsev

4-sloped ru tsev yog hais txog ib tug ntawm cov ntau ntau yam ntawm zoo xws li cov designs. Cov lawv peb yuav tsum ntsiab qhov uni, Gable, poluvalmovaya, ru tsev, domed, conical, pyramidal, thiab chetyrehschiptsovuyu. Tso yog lub feem ntau yooj yim nyob rau hauv lub cev, lawv yuav muab dej nyob rau hauv tsuas yog ib qho kev taw qhia. Lawv yuav siv los them rau cov me me tsev, cov kauj ruam, extensions, ib ntus vaj tse thiab tej vaj tse. Chaw nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsis muaj ib lub nthab los yog ru tsev qhov chaw.

2-soob ru tsev yog siv nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj-sawv siv. Nws muaj ib lub zoo lawm, thiab sab qhov chaw uas hu ua pediments. Poluvalmovaya ru tsev hipped txawv los ntawm dab tsi nws du txiav tawm ib feem ntawm lub Gable. Lub pyramidal ru tsev yog siv raws li nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub tsev muaj ib tug square zoo los yog ib tug zoo ntawm ib tug ib txwm duab plaub.

Tsim thiab lub ntsiab Cheebtsam

Ru sloping ru tsev muaj ob lub ntsiab hais, namely - tiv thaiv thiab txhawb. Cov yav tas yog tsim nyog los noj lub load ntawm daus, cua thiab lub ru tsev. Nrog lawv pab, tus luj yog faib nyob rau hauv lub txhawb cov phab ntsa thiab nyias nyob them nyiaj yug. Nyob rau hauv ua li ntawd, lub zog ntawm load-tau cov kabmob ntsiab yog hais ncaj stringent uas yuav tsum tau. Lub ntsiab Cheebtsam yog cov mauerlat thiab truss system. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias tus ntaus ntawv muaj xws li ib tug sloped ru tsev fasteners nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov struts, kev zawm hniav thiab kab teeb. Cov kev kawm nruj yog tiav nrog kev pab los ntawm lub truss.

Mauerlat - ib tug bar uas ua hauj lwm pab ib tug them nyiaj yug rau lub sloping rafters ua los ntawm cov ntoo. Siv no lub caij faib load rau hauv lub ru tsev. Mauerlat yog ib hom ntawm lub hauv paus rau cov qauv. Yog hais tias koj xav mus ua ib tug ru tsev nyob rau hauv lub classic kev txiav txim zoo ntawm cov lo lus, koj yuav tsum siv lub cav ntoo nrog ib tug sab ntawm 15 cm. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi rau cov ntoo yog 10 cm. Pitched ru tsev DIY ob txhais tes yuav ua tau rau cov ntaus ntawv mauerlat. Yog hais tias nws tau mauerlat, nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau raws tag nrho ntev ntawm lub tsev los yog mus rau nruab xwb nyob rau hauv lub rafter.

Thaum uas siv cov rafters ntawm ib tug me me seem nyob rau hauv phau ntawv tus txheej txheem, lub kaw lus yuav prosest. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob muaj qhov teeb meem no, nruab ib lub grille, nyob rau hauv uas cov qauv yuav crossbars, posts thiab struts. Yuav kom ua tau lub struts thiab kev zawm hniav yuav tsum npaj ib tug 15-centimeter board uas nws thickness yuav tsum sib npaug zos rau 2.5 cm. Nws yog tej zaum yuav siv ntoo phiaj, yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo cav nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 13 cm los sis ntau tshaj. Mauerlat yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv sab saum toj ntug ntawm cov phab ntsa, thiab mus rau lub puab los yog txheej ntug.

Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab Cheebtsam - mauerlat

4-pitched ru tsev muaj mauerlat uas yuav tsum tau nyob 5 cm los ntawm lub ntug los yog nyob ze ntawm lub txheej chaw ntawm cov phab ntsa. Kho rau ntawm phab ntsa yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj li tsis mus tsim tau ib lub sail, uas yuav ua rau kom siab loads thaum cua hlob heev. Cov feem ntau raws li ib tug khoom siv rau mauerlat ntoo, tab sis yog tias lub ru tsev qauv ua los ntawm cov hlau, nws yog ua tau coj kom zoo dua ntawm I-beam los yog channel bar.

Ru apparatus nyob rau hauv mauerlat

Yog hais tias koj xav txog yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau ib tug pitched ru tsev nrog mauerlat, lub tso ntawm lub xeem nqa tawm nyob rau hauv waterproofing txheej, uas muaj peev xwm ua raws li vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas. Los ntawm cov saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm lub nthab pem teb , koj yuav thim 40 cm. Txhua 5 m purlins so ntawm tug ncej, uas tus qis xaus ntawm vrublyus nyob rau hauv sleepers. Lub kaum ntawm lub strut thiab cov rafter ko taw yuav tsum kwv yees li sib npaug zos rau 90 °. Yog hais tias tus ntaus ntawv pitched ru tsev truss ceg yuav ntev, lub installation ntawm pab txhawb ntxiv yuav tsum tau nqa tawm kev noj mus rau hauv tus account lub them nyiaj yug nyob rau hauv lub sleepers. Txhua link mauerlat yuav tsum tau kaw nrog ob mus, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub zej zog thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsau mus rau lub rafters. Nrog lub perimeter ntawm lub-ru tsev system robust siv kom raug tsim. Tab sis mauerlat neeg feem tej zaum yuav positioned nyob rau hauv lub rafter.

Apparatus truss system

4 pitched ru tsev pab txhawb nqa cov qauv muaj ib tug truss system, nws yog tsim los ntawm rafters, lub inclined struts, raws li zoo raws li ntsug uprights. Lub rafters no yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo, mixed cov ntaub ntawv, hlau los ua vaj tse. Fasteners yog cov kab teeb, struts, struts thiab strut. Rafters yog kev cob cog rua rau lub ua liaj ua teb.

rau cov ntaub ntawv

Truss system yuav tsum tau kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv ib tug daim duab peb sab vim nws cov rigidity thiab stability. Rau rafters yuav siv kab teeb ntawm txawv tus ntoo khaub lig-section, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm rafters, lub xam load nqi, thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub rafters. Thaum nws los txog rau tej yam yooj yim designs, tus ntoo khaub lig-section loj yuav txawv los ntawm 40x150 rau 100x250 hli.

Poluvalmovaya ru tsev nrog nws ob txhais tes

Yog hais tias koj txiav txim siab los tsim kom tau ib lub tsev, pitched ru tsev yuav ua tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshuaj, ib tug variation ntawm no tsim yog poluvalmovaya ru tsev. Cov ru tsev yog tsim rau cov cheeb tsam nrog muaj zog cua loads, raws li lawv tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm cov pa txaus, xa cov blurring ntawm lub Gable thiab podduvanie. Nthab qhov chaw yog tus thawj, nws yuav siv tau raws li ib tug lub tsev. Kws txawj pom zoo kom los lo rau ib tug technology nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho. Nyob rau hauv thawj kauj ruam raws ntawm lub perimeter ntawm lub-ru tsev yog lawm ua tus sau Screed therein los ntawm txhua 120 centimeters los yog tsawg dua mounted NQHAJ uas nws txoj kab uas hla 10 hli. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv fasteners skewer locking bar, ceev cov ceev. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj los mus tsim mauerlat, tom qab uas koj yuav nruab ib lub truss system.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yuav tsum yog tus installation ntawm inclined rafters, uas yuav tsum tau raws li nyob rau hauv cov sab nrauv phab ntsa. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txo qhov load on qhov kawg ntawm no, koj yuav tsum tau ua lub ceev ceev ntawm txuas ntawm lub rafters nrog nws. Ntug yuav so tiv thaiv cov txheej phab ntsa, thaum lub puab ib feem - cov kev txhawb thiab sab hauv phab ntsa.

Ua kho rafters mus rau lub caj beam, uas yog pw nyob rau hauv sab saum toj. Nws yuav interconnect them nyiaj yug. Nyob rau hauv lub duav beams zog kawg them nyiaj yug. Tag nrho lwm cov neeg yuav tsum tau tsau mus rau lub caj. Installation ntawm rafters yog ua li cas nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no theem. Kauj ruam therebetween yuav tsum sib npaug zos rau cov dav ntawm lub tshav kub rwb thaiv tsev, qhov no parameter mas nws txawv ntawm 60 mus rau 120 cm. Tom ntej no tus ntoo khaub lig beams yuav tsum tau tsim muaj.

Apparatus pent-ru tsev

Nyob rau hauv ib tug thawj kauj ruam, txiav txim dab tsi yuav tsum yog tus kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm lub-ru tsev. Intermediate qhov tseem ceeb yog ntawm 11 thiab 60 °. Txhua yam yuav nyob ntawm seb atmospheric phenomena thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub ru tsev, raws li zoo raws li lub architectural nta ntawm lub tsev. Rau sab qaum teb chaw nqes hav yuav tsum sib npaug zos rau 40 °, nrog rau hauv cov daus yuav tsis nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev. Nyob rau hauv muaj zog cua lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination yuav tsum tau me me. Nyob rau hauv steppe thiab nqaum chaw, qhov no parameter yog los ntawm 11 mus rau 45 °.

Hauv vib this kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub arrangement ntawm ib tug pent-ru tsev

Rau cheeb tsam nrog muaj zog cua muaj peev xwm txoj kev ib tug ca ru tsev, ib tug pitched ru tsev yuav tsum tau muab ib tug tej yam inclination. Koj muaj peev xwm ces npaj mus rau qhov kev siv ntawm lub ru tsev system. Qhov no ru tsev feem tej zaum yuav slidably, dai los yog naslonnym. Cov yav tas yog lub feem ntau yooj yim, lub rafters yuav tsum tau raws li nyob rau hauv cov sab nrauv phab ntsa thiab lub hauv paus beam. rafter ntev tej zaum yuav sib npaug zos rau 4.5 m, tiam sis tsuas yog hais tias nws yog ib tug-piece, txuas ntsiab rau koj ntxiv kom lengths tsis tsim nyog.

Cov feem ntau nyuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaus ntawv thiab tsim muaj dai rafters, lawv muaj feem xyuam, yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug yuav tau txais loj spans. Lawv sau rau hauv av nrog lawv tus kheej crate, thiab ces nce mus rau lub sab saum toj, raws li nyob rau hauv cov huab them nyiaj yug. Tom qab crate ntsia rau tshooj rau saum nthab, uas muab qhov qauv ib tug ntau dua lub zog. Rau truss system pent-ru tsev tuav zoo tshaj plaws siv nyob rau hauv seem 30x150 hli. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub kab teeb yuav tsum tau 80 cm.

Tus nqes hav yuav tsum tau them mus rau lub sab ib feem ntawm lub leeward sab. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov kev pab txhawb nqa kab teeb tau tib yam, thiab cov kab teeb thiab rafters ko taw yuav tsum tsim ib daim duab peb sab. Rafters uas muab tso rau ib tug thaum xaus rau hauv lub qhov mauerlat, thaum lub lwm yam kawg yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib tug ntoo nrog tes slate. Yuav kom txhim kho txoj kev cia siab rau ntawm zawm cov hlau. Mauerlat rau hedging khi mus rau lub phab ntsa los yog tsau ntev thauj tog rau nkoj bolts.

cov kws muaj txuj tswv yim pom zoo rau tiaj ru tsev ntaus ntawv

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yuav tsum yog tus zus tau tej cov sheathing ntawm planed boards, uas yog ua los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub kuj thiab ya raws barrier cov ntaub ntawv. Cam cov txheej txheem perpendicular mus rau lub rafters, qhov kev ncua deb nruab nrab ntawm lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ntau tshaj 15 cm. Cov kab teeb yuav tsum tau siv rau square lath nrog ib tug sab ntawm 50 mm. Tom ntej no, haum, chav, thiab yog tsau mus rau lub crate me me rau tes nrog ib tug dav lub kaus mom. Cov yav tas yog tej zaum hloov nrog khawb staple rab phom. Qhov no yuav tsis tau tsuas yog kom lub sij hawm ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm, tab sis kuj ntev lub neej ntawm lub rafters.

Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no theem yog teem rwb thaiv tsev thiab waterproofing txheej, qhov kawg ntawm uas yob yog unwound perpendicularly mus rau lub rafters. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias tom ntej no band overlaps lub yav dhau los, thiab cov pob qij txha yuav tsum muab khi ua ke.

xaus

Truss systems, uas yog ib feem ntawm pitched ru tsev, yuav tsum yog los ntawm lub ru tsev trusses, truss sab saum toj chord nrog complex nrhiav, txiab truss los yog dual ua liaj ua teb. Raws li ib tug tseem ceeb ntawm lub ru tsev system yog cov ko taw, uas ua raws li kev pab txhawb nqa lath. Lawv muab tso rau raws lub-ru tsev nqes hav.

Cov feem ntau tsim nyog nqes hav rau pent -ru tsev da dej, koj xav npog nrog vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas, nws yog suav tias yog ib qho taw qhia ntawm 10 mus rau 15 °. Nyob rau hauv no ob-txheej txheej yog txaus ntawm cov txheej txheej thiab lwm vov tsev. Tab sis lub tsim ntawm lub ru tsev system yuav tsum siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account lub qhov ntev ntawm qhov kev siv. Yog hais tias nws yog kom muaj ib tug loj loj, tus qauv yuav tsum tau supplemented los ntawm cov uprights thiab lus.