Sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub Ice: lub tswvyim thiab lub tom tsim ntawm sib ntaus sib tua

Sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub Ice - ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj battles nyob rau hauv Russia lub keeb kwm, thaum lub sij hawm uas tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Novgorod Aleksandr Nevsky reflected nyob rau hauv lub pas dej Peipsi invading knights ntawm lub Livonian Order. Rau ntau centuries, historians mus controversy txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua. Tej yam uas yog tsis meej mus txog thaum kawg, xws li yuav ua li cas nws coj qhov chaw lub Ice. Tsav thiab txua dua ntawm qhov chaw ntawm no sib ntaus sib tua yuav cia peb mus qhia ntawm daim card ntawm lub mysteries ntawm lub keeb kwm uas txuam nrog rau sib ntaus sib tua.

Tom qab rau teeb meem

Txij li thaum 1237, thaum lub Pope tshaj tawm thaum pib ntawm lub tom ntej no kev sawv ntxeev mus tsaws rau sab hnub tuaj Baltic ntawm Lavxias teb sab principalities nyob rau hauv ib tes, thiab Sweden, Denmark thiab lub German Livonian Order - nyob rau lwm cov tes, muaj ib qhov voltage, uas nyob rau lub sij hawm loj hlob mus rau hauv cov tub rog txiav txim.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1240 lub Swedish knights coj los Birger Jarl landed ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub Neva, tab sis lub Novgorod pab tub rog nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm tub huabtais Aleksandra Nevskogo yeej lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug decisive sib ntaus sib tua.

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, lub Livonian Order undertook offensive rau lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws. Nws pab tub rog coj Izborsk thiab Pskov. Soj ntsuam cov kev phom sij Novgorod veche nyob rau hauv 1241 hais tias rov qab mus rau lub reign ntawm Alexander, txawm hais tias nyuam qhuav xwb ntiab tawm nws. Tub huabtais tuaj txoos ua ke tub cheev xwm thiab tsiv tiv thaiv cov Livonians. Nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1242, nws muaj peev xwm mus tso Pskov. Alexander tsiv nws pab tub rog mus rau lub cov khoom ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm pawg npis sov ntawm Dorpat, qhov twg lub Crusaders sib sau loj zog. Lub ob tog npaj rau lub decisive sib ntaus sib tua.

Tw raws li lub Plaub Hlis 5, 1242 nyob rau hauv lub pas dej Peipus, ces tseem them nrog dej khov. Uas yog vim li cas tom qab kis tau lub npe ntawm tus sib ntaus sib tua - sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Ice. Lake thaum frozen sib sib zog nqus txaus los mus tiv hnyav ncawv armed tub rog.

rog ntawm ob tog

Lavxias teb sab tub rog tsis txhob fragmented qauv. Tab sis cov tub ntxhais ntawm nws, tsis muaj kev ua xyem xyav, yog Novgorod tub cheev xwm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov tub rog nkag mus hauv lub thiaj li hu ua "hauv qab txee" uas coj boyars. Tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab militia yog kwv yees li ntawm historians ntawm 15-17 txhiab tus neeg.

Cov tub rog, ib yam nkaus thiab, yog unsuited Livonians. Sib ntaus sib tua caj qaum ntawm nws knights tau hnyav ncawv ua ntaj riam thaiv tub rog Orders , taws los ntawm Master Andreas von Velvenem, uas, li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua nws tus kheej twb tsis muab kev koom tes. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub Danish troops twb phoojywg, thiab cov tub rog ntawm lub nroog ntawm Dorpat, uas muaj ib tug xov tooj tseem ceeb ntawm Estonians. Tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov Livonia fwjchim luj kawg nkaus yog kwv yees li ntawm 10-12 txhiab tus neeg.

tom tsim ntawm sib ntaus sib tua

Keeb kwm qhov chaw tau ncaim peb haum scant cov lus qhia txog yuav ua li cas rau deploy rau sib ntaus sib tua nws tus kheej. Sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub Ice pib nrog lub fact tias cov archers ntawm lub Novgorod troops tuaj rau pem hauv ntej thiab them cov hail ntawm xib xub lag luam knights. Tab sis lub caij nyoog kawg no yuav, siv ib tug tub rog lub tsev, xa mus rau raws li "npua" rau zuaj lub gunmen thiab ua txhaum qhov chaw ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab rog.

Pom qhov teeb meem no, Alexander Nevsky kom pab tub rog mus cuag Livonians flanks. Knights tau noj nyob rau hauv ib tug pincer zog. Nws pib lawv indiscriminate kev puas tsuaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog. Koom haum pab tub rog ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, pom tias lawv lub ntsiab rog swb lawm, rushed mus rau txoj kev khiav. Novgorod tub cheev xwm caum khiav rau ntau tshaj xya kilometres. Lub sib ntaus sib tua twb nyob rau hauv tag nrho yeej rau Lavxias teb sab rog.

Xws li yog zaj dab neeg txog lub sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub Ice.

tsav sib ntaus sib tua

Tsis muaj lub zem rau hauv lub domestic cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv cov tub rog affairs tau noj ib tug tsim nyog lub Ice. Daim duab hauv qab no, kom meej meej qha tau ib commander khoom plig Aleksandra Nevskogo thiab yam ntxwv lub zoo heev tauj hauj lwm.

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia, peb hais meej pom thawj zaug txhob Livonian troops nyob rau hauv lub Cov Qib ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub cheev xwm. Tsis tas li ntawd qhia Knights entourage thiab lub tom ntej sib ntaus ntawm koom haum pab rog txiav txim, uas tau ua tiav thiab Ice. Lub tswvyim tso cai rau koj los tsim kom tau cov kev tshwm sim cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib cov saw, thiab zoo heev tswj lub reconstruction coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua txheej xwm.

txim ntawm cov sib ntaus sib tua

Tom qab Novgorod pab tub rog yeej ib tag kov yeej lub Crusader rog, dab tsi zoo tsim nyog ntawm Alexander Nevsky, kev sib haum xeeb ntawv cog lus tau kos npe rau hauv uas lub Livonian Order kiag tso tseg nws tsis ntev los no acquisitions nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av. Nws twb tseem sib pauv neeg raug kaw.

Lub swb, uas raug kev txom nyem nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tsov rog ntawm lub Ice, yog li ntawd loj hais tias nws yog rau kaum xyoo licking lawv cov qhov txhab thiab tsis txhob txawm xav txog ib tug tshiab ntxeem tau ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws.

Tsis muaj tsawg tseem ceeb yeej Aleksandra Nevskogo thiab cov keeb kwm cov ntsiab lus teb. Tom qab tag nrho, nws twb ces txiav txim siab rau txoj hmoo ntawm peb pawg neeg thaj av thiab lub sij xaus rau lub aggression ntawm German crusaders nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj coj tso. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tom qab uas qhov kev txiav txim yog tsis yog ua rau kua muag tawm ib daim ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws, tab sis yeej tsis muaj qhov ntxeem tau tsis coj xws li ib tug loj cim.

Misconceptions thiab stereotypes txuam nrog rau sib ntaus sib tua

Muaj yog ib tug saib hais tias yog lom zem ntau nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub pas dej Peipsi Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog pab cov dej khov, uas tsis dais tus luj ntawm hnyav ncawv armed German knights thiab pib tog nyob rau hauv lawv. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tsis muaj keeb kwm qhia txog cov no qhov tseeb tsis yog. Ntxiv mus, raws li tsis ntev los no kev tshawb fawb, tus luj ntawm cov khoom German Lavxias teb sab knights thiab knights koom nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua, yog kwv yees li sib npaug zos.

German crusaders nyob rau hauv lub view ntawm ntau cov neeg, uas yog feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov zaj duab xis, yog hnyav ncawv armed cuirassiers nyiam, feem ntau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog tshuab raj. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub charter ntawm qhov kev txiav txim txwv tsis pub txoj kev siv cov kaus mom hlau-mounted decorations. Yog li ntawd tsis muaj tshuab raj Livonians, nyob rau hauv tus, yuav tsis yog.

tau

Yog li, peb pom hais tias ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov tseem ceeb thiab iconic battles nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws lub keeb kwm yog cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Ice. sib ntaus sib tua tswvyim pub rau peb kom meej meej cov me nyuam thaum kawg nws thiab txiav txim seb lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau lub yeej ntawm lub Knights - reassess lawv cov rog thaum lawv Iwj rushed mus rau tus nres.