Russia lub nuclear peev xwm. Nuclear cuaj luaj Russia

Rau hnub tim, lub nuclear peev xwm ntawm Russia yog tus thib ob loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws muaj ntau tshaj 1500 units deployed nqi, raws li zoo raws li ib tug zoo kawg tactical nuclear arsenal. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub tswv yim nuclear peev xwm ntawm Russia yog raws li nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nuclear triad, uas muaj xws li ob qho tib si huab cua, cov av thiab hiav txwv Cheebtsam, tab sis lub ntsiab haum yog nyob rau ntau yam kws muaj txuj ci tshuab ntawm raws li daim av, nrog rau kuj kiag li cim ceg av mobile tsev hu ua "Topol ".

pes tsawg nuj nqis

Raws li lawv hais qhib qhov chaw, foob pob ua ntxaij Rog Strategic muaj nyob rau ntawm lawv pov tseg 385 niaj hnub sib nrog lub IDB, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm xws li:

• 180 SS-25 cuaj luaj;
• 72 SS-19 foob pob ua ntxaij;
• 68 SS-18 cuaj luaj;
• 50 cuaj luaj SS-27, raws li nyob rau hauv mines;
• 15 cuaj luaj SS-27 lub tsev txawb.

Sib ntaus sib tua lub dag lub zog ntawm Naval Rog xws li 12 xaiv yaam missile submarines, yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias Russia lub nuclear tej zaum yog tawm 7 submarines "Ntses taub ntswg ntev" peb tes num, raws li zoo raws li 5 'Kalmar' tej yaam num. Nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm lub Cua Dag Zog Yuam muab rau pem hauv ntej 77 hnyav bombers.

International kev ntsuam xyuas

International Commission koom nyob rau hauv dab tsi thaiv ntawm nuclear loj hlob thiab kev tshem riam phom, hais tias nyob rau hauv lub muaj zog ntawm Guj kuj yog tam sim no muaj kwv yees li 2,000 tactical nuclear warheads, thaum, raws li kws txawj, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam, artificially kom txhob muaj cov nuclear peev xwm ntawm Russia. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws muaj nqis ntsoov teev ib tug ob peb ntawm lawv:

• Strategic xov xwm uas muaj hnub nyoog lub sij hawm. Kwv yees li 80% ntawm tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov cuaj luaj muaj ib tug lub neej dhau los.
• Space thiab av-raws li missile ceeb toom units muaj ib tug tsawg muaj peev xwm, nyob rau hauv particular li regards tag nrho cov uas tsis muaj kev soj xyuas kuj txaus ntshai nrog ib tug foob pob ua ntxaij nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov chaw, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub Atlantic dej hiav txwv, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov dej hiav txwv Pacific.
• Heavy bomber feeb meej tsuas yog nyob rau ob bases, li no yog heev lam tau lam ua rau deposition ntawm preemption.
• Missile submarines muaj me ntsis muaj, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug active lub xeev tsuas yog ob tug los yog txawm ib lub community launch tsheb koom nyob rau hauv patrolling lub hiav txwv.

zoo yam

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov tub rog nuclear peev xwm ntawm Russia muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm txoj kev:

• Nws twb nyuam qhuav ua tiav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug nkaus tshiab missile complex "yars";
• dua pib zus tau tej cov hnyav bombers Tu-160 qauv;
• pib davhlau kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub nkoj missile system hu ua "Bulava", nyob rau txhua tus uas muaj ib tug nuclear missile;
• txib ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm radar tshuab twb tau ua tswvcuab rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm missile tawm tsam nyob rau hauv lub Krasnodar cheeb tsam thiab cov Leningrad cheeb tsam;
• mus rau hauv orbit thaum lub sij hawm tas los lub xyoo nws tau raug rho tawm sufficiently loj tus naj npawb ntawm satellites "Cosmos" qauv, cov uas tuaj nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw echelon ntawm thaum ntxov ceeb toom system, dubbed "muag".

Fundamentals ntawm nuclear txoj cai

Nrog rau 90-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, Russia hais tias txhua txhua nuclear missile nws xav tau kev pab mus nrhiav ib txoj cai ntawm containment, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no lub sij hawm yog dog dig hloov hnub no. Thaum qhov thesis uas Russia nyob rau hauv lub teb yuav ua kev puas tsuaj rau lub tus tsim txom, maj mam pib hloov thiab lub scale ntawm containment uas yuav tau twb tsis siv nyob rau hauv cov lus, hloov nyob rau hauv niaj hnub ua tub rog tej lus qhuab qhia. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws muaj nqis ntsoov teev qhov tseeb hais tias cov tub rog tej lus qhuab qhia ntawm 1993 muab nqi containment yog tsis tsuas zoo, tab sis kuj nuclear aggression, tab sis txawm lub fact tias chiv cov lus envisaged tau ib tug nuclear lo lus teb rau uas tsis yog-nuclear nres, chiv tus tsom xam yog cia li nyob rau hauv dab tsi koj xav tau deter lub teb chaws nrog nuclear riam phom.

1996

Medal lus rau lub teb chaws ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv 1996 tau hais tias qhov yuav tsum tau los mus tiv thaiv tau ib tug nuclear nres, thiab hais tias Russia yuav siv nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug loj-scale xaiv yaam nuclear rog ntawm aggression, txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov pa rog. Tsis tas li ntawd nws hais tias lub teb chaws yog mus caum ib txoj cai ntawm nuclear deterrence ntawm lub regional, hauv zos thiab ntiaj teb no ntau.

1997

National Security Tswvyim 1997 muab deterrence ntawm aggression, nrog rau cov kev siv cov nuclear fais fab nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias armed aggression ua rau txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Federation. Yog li, Russia muaj cai siv cov tswv yim nuclear rog nyob rau hauv teb rau tej aggression, uas yog, txawm yog hais tias tus nrog sib ntaus tsis siv nuclear riam phom. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov formulations muab rau lub preservation ntawm Lavxias teb sab muaj peev xwm siv nuclear riam phom ua ntej.

2010

Tub rog Lus Qhuab Qhia ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation saws nyob rau hauv raws li txoj cai ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm, hais tias lub Lavxias teb sab Federation muaj cai siv nuclear riam phom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tawm tsam nws los yog nws cov phoojywg, cov nuclear riam phom yuav txiav txim siab siv nws, los yog siv lwm yam riam phom uas huab hwm coj puas tsuaj. SNF kuj yuav tau invoked nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm aggression tiv thaiv Russia yog nqa tawm nrog cov pa riam phom yog hais tias nws yuav txais ib tug kev hem thawj rau lub hav zoov ntawm lub xeev nws tus kheej.

Tom ntej no, peb saib yuav ua li cas Russia yuav tso ib tug nuclear strike, thiab cov uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov riam phom.

Mdb-P 36 UTTKh

IDB UTTKh R-36, zoo dua lub npe hu los ntawm ntau yam raws li "Voevoda" yog ib tug ob-theem missile silo-raws li kua. Qhov no missile yog ib tug kev loj hlob ntawm CB "South", nyob rau hauv Dnipropetrovsk nyob rau hauv Ukraine yog tseem nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, thiab siv qhov no missile nyob rau hauv 1980. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv 1988 lub missile twb modernized, thiab tam sim no nws yog ib qhov version yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab.

Nuclear nres nrog rau qhov no riam phom yuav tau mus thov ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 15,000 km, nrog ib tug payload ntawm 8800 kg. Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov tam sim no missile MIRV nruab quire warheads nrog ib tug neeg targeting.

Lub hwj chim ntawm lub nuclear them nyiaj ntawm cov warheads tau tshiaj foob pob ua ntxaij nce mus txog 800 kt, thaum lub sij hawm pib version muaj tsuas 500 kt. Probabilistic sib txawv kuj txo los ntawm 370 mus 220 m.

IDB UR-100N UTTKh

Lub ob-theem kua-propellant missile, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv KBM Reutov, nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj nqis nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab, txij li thaum 1980. Nuclear warhead yuav tawg ntawm ib tug deb ntawm mus txog rau 10 000 km ntawm lub community launch site, lub muab-missile luj yog 4035 kg. Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov tam sim no missile MIRV muaj rau warheads ib lub zuj zus ua rau lub hom phiaj tso zis ntawm txhua yam uas yog 400 kt. Probabilistic yeej deflection ntawm 350 m.

ICBMs RT-2PM

Tau-roj peb-theem foob pob ua ntxaij av-raws li mobile raws li tsim los ntawm lub Moscow lub koom haum ntawm Thermal Technology. Nws yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tus arsenal txij thaum 1988. Qhov no missile muaj peev xwm sawv los tsoo lub hom phiaj, ntawm ib tug deb mus txog 10.5 km ntawm lub community launch site, lub muab-luj yog 1000 kg. Nyob rau hauv no muaj no tsuas muaj ib foob pob ua ntxaij warhead peev xwm ntawm 800 kt, thaum lub sij hawm qhov muaj tseeb yeej deflection ntawm 350 m.

ICBM RT-2PM1 / M2

Tau-roj peb-theem foob pob ua ntxaij silo-raws li los yog mobile raws li tsim los ntawm lub Moscow lub koom haum ntawm Thermal Technology. Siv rau Lavxias teb sab caj npab txij thaum 2000. Nuclear warhead yuav ntaus ib lub hom phiaj nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb mus txog rau 11 000 km ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub community launch, thaum muaj ib tug payload ntawm 1200 kg. Lub tsuas kev sib ntaus los tsev muaj ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm kwv yees li 800 kt thiab probabilistic yeej sib txawv nce mus txog 350 m.

ICBM RS-24

Intercontinental khoom roj ballistic missile mobile tsev, nruab nrog ntau reentry warhead. Txoj kev loj hlob belongs rau lub Moscow lub koom haum ntawm Robotics. MBR yog ib tug kev hloov kho PT 2PM2. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov kev yam ntxwv ntawm lub missile tau txwv kom muab zais.

SLBMs

Lub ob-theem kua ballistic missile tsim los rau cov tseem niaj hnub riam phom ntawm submarines. Strategic nuclear rog ntawm lub hom tsim nyob rau hauv KBM nyob rau hauv lub Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam. Nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab txij li thaum 1977. Lavxias teb sab xaiv yaam nuclear rog pushes missile complex D-9R, muaj nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ob rockets zoo li "Squid".

Qhov no missile muaj peb hom kev sib ntaus los khoom:

• monoblock lub taub hau ib feem, uas muaj ib tug nuclear xwb muaj peev xwm ntawm 450 kt;
• MIRV lub taub hau nrog peb hwj chim rau lwm 200 txhua rt;
• MIRV muaj xya warheads, nyob rau hauv txhua yam uas lub hwj chim yog 100 kt.

RSM-29RM

Lub peb-theem kua ballistic missile tsim rau launching submarine tsim nyob rau hauv KBM Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam. Lub complex qauv ntawm lub D-9R muaj, nyob rau hauv nws ob txhais tes los nyob rau tib lub sij hawm "Ntses taub ntswg ntev" tsim siv nyob rau hauv cov tub rog txij thaum 1986.

Qhov no missile yog yus muaj los ntawm ob lub ntsiab embodiments ntawm cov khoom:

• MIRV, uas muaj plaub warheads peev xwm ntawm 200 kilotons;
• MIRV nruab nrog kaum warheads 100 kt.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias txij li thaum 2007 cov ntaub ntawv cuaj luaj tau maj hloov los ntawm ib tug version hloov hu ua R29RM. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsuas yog ib variant muab kev sib ntaus los khoom - yog yim warheads uas nws lub hwj chim yog 100 kt.

F-30

P-30, zoo dua lub npe hu ua lub "Bulava", yog lub feem ntau niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab kev loj hlob. Ballistic khoom-propellant missile yog npaj yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv submarines. Qhov no missile yog raug tsim los ntawm tus Moscow lub koom haum ntawm Thermal Technology.

Lub missile yog txawm peem rau nrog kaum nuclear blocks ntawm ib tug neeg cob qhia yog muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm Maneuvering qhov siab thiab cov chav kawm. Kev khiav hauj lwm ntau yam ntawm lub missile yog tsis tsawg tshaj li 8000 km nrog ib tug tag nrho muab-ceeb thawj ntawm 1150 kg.

txoj kev loj hlob prospects

Nyob rau hauv 2010, ib tug ntawv cog lus tau kos npe, nyob rau hauv uas lub nuclear peev xwm ntawm Russia thiab lub tebchaws United States yuav maj mam txo tshaj tom ntej xya xyoo. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws pom zoo hais tias ob tog yuav ua raws li cov kev txwv rau cov kev taw qhia uas xaiv yaam offensive riam phom, raws li nram no:

• tooj ntawm nuclear bomber thiab nqi rau deployed ICBM thiab BPRL yuav tsum tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 1,550;
• tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov deployed SLBMs, IDB thiab hnyav bomber yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ntau tshaj 700 chav nyob;
• tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov uas tsis yog-deployed los yog deployed ICBM thiab hnyav bomber - tsawg tshaj 800 chav nyob.

cov kws muaj txuj lub tswv yim

Kws txawj nco ntsoov: thaum lub caij muaj yog tsis yog hais tias Russia yog stepping li nuclear peev xwm. Nyob rau hauv kev, nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm 2012 nyob rau hauv Russia twb tau mus kawm los ntawm kwv yees li 490 deployed tus me nyuam tsheb thiab 1,500 nuclear warheads deployed nyob rau hauv lawv.

Raws li forecasts tshawb fawb Service ntawm lub tebchaws United States Congress, nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm no daim ntawv cog lus tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov muaj nyob rau hauv Russia yuav txo tau rau 440 units, thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm warheads thaum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv 2017 yuav mus txog 1335 units. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub mechanism ntawm suav. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub tshiab daim ntawv cog lus, txhua tus neeg deployed bomber yog ib chav tsev xwb, thaum nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tib yam Tu-160 yuav nqa on board nyob rau tib lub sij hawm 12 nuclear cuaj luaj thiab B-52H - thiab nyob rau hauv 20.