"Rau qhov ntes ntawm Konigsberg": puav pheej rau heroes

East Prussia yog tus springboard uas mloog zoo rog rau ib tug nres rau ntawm lub haiv neeg ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Yog li, lub capture ntawm Koenigsberg yog ib qho tseem ceeb xaiv yaam kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov tub rog thiab kev nom kev tswv cov lus.

Ntxiv dag zog rau thiab tiv thaiv ntawm lub fortress

Konigsberg yog zoo npaj rau ib ntev lub muaj txuj ci, ib tug fortress surrounded los ntawm peb cov kab kws muaj txuj ci. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog nyob rau ntawm ib co deb ntawm lub nroog sawv cev forts 15 pov tseg nyob rau ntawd nrog artillery phom, nplaim throwers thiab tshuab phom. Txhua fort yog ib tug zoo ntawm ib tug me me fortress nrog nws tus kheej garrison. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub forts twb nyob los ntawm bunkers thiab pillboxes, yog li ntawd tag nrho cov kab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv tau kev cob cog rua nruam tua kab.

Qhov thib ob kab kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Königsberg twb muaj nyob rau outskirts ntawm lub nroog. Nws muaj pob zeb thiab pob zeb ua lug, qhia tshwj xeeb uas hloov dua siab tshiab rau cov tub rog kev siv. Nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm Konigsberg muaj feem ntau rau peb fortified kab kws muaj txuj ci. Cov fortress twb nruab nrog underground hlauv taws xob, forts. dag dej obstacles raug tsim. Lub tsev fuabtais yog 4 txhiab txawv phom, ob peb puas tso tsheb hlau luam, ua phem phom. Cov fortress garrison twb nyob txog 130 txhiab tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Kenigsberg them los ntawm cov pa txog ob puas tus yeeb ncuab aircraft.

Storming thiab ntes ntawm Königsberg

Storming ib tug yeeb ncuab fortress pib nyob rau hauv 1945, lub Plaub Hlis 6. Phau ntawv lub lag luam yog ua commander peb Belarus pem hauv ntej Marshal Soviet Union Vasilevskim Aleksandrom Mihaylovichem, uas thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev phais muaj 1 Baltic Pem hauv ntej commander uas yog Ivan Hristoforovich Bagramyan. Nrog huab cua kev pab txhawb nqa yog muab los ntawm aircraft rau hauv lub txib ntawm Marshal Alexander Alexandrovich Novikov. Tsuas 2,400 txawv aircraft, ntau tshaj li 500 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab nws tus kheej-propelled phom tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub lag luam.

Txawm tias lub tsiv tiv thaiv ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, Plaub Hlis Ntuj 9, 1945 Königsberg fortress nroog capitulated. Nyob rau hauv captivity 92.000 neeg tau noj, 42,000 German cov tub rog raug tua. Xyaum tag nrho cov tub rog cov khoom tau muab los ntawm cov Nazis. Thoob plaws hauv lub tsov ua rog, peb pab tub rog tsis tau raws li cov chaw tiv thaiv, uas tau ua nyob rau hauv Koenigsberg. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws cheeb tsam rau ncua tsis kam, txawm hais tias tag nrho rho tawm.

Keeb kwm khoom plig

Lub commander ntawm lub tsheb ntawm cov Soviet Army General A. V. Hrulev nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1945, koj muab cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kev pawg neeg - npaj puav pheej rau lub capture ntawm lub zos uas yog nyob sab nraum ntawm lub Soviet Union. "Rau qhov ntes ntawm Königsberg" - ib tug puav pheej yog tshwj xeeb, nws tsuas yog tib tug uas tsis tau muab tsub rau lub capture ntawm lub capitals ntawm lub xeev, thiab rau lub capture ntawm lub fortress. Qhov no seemingly yooj yim daim hlau, tab sis nws hides ib daim ntawm keeb kwm, tsis yog ib tug kev tshwm sim, tab sis kuj lub neej ntawm txhiab tus neeg.

puav pheej "Rau qhov ntes ntawm Konigsberg" yog tsim los pab rau hli ntuj 9, 1945 nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub yeej ntawm peb cov tub rog nyob rau hauv no sib ntaus sib tua. Cov puav pheej yog ua rau tus tsim ntawm AI Kuznetsova. Lub obverse ntawm qhov khoom plig uas sau tseg succinctly, "Rau cov capture ntawm Königsberg" saum toj - tsib-taw lub hnub qub, laurel ceg nyob rau hauv qab. Nyob rau hauv rov qab sab ntawm lub npib yog inscribed "Plaub Hlis Ntuj 10, 1945" thiab cov hnub yog ntau tshaj ib tug tsib-taw lub hnub qub.

Nws tus kheej puav pheej ua los ntawm tooj dag, nws muaj ib tug hloov puab ntawm 32 hli nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla. Nrog ringlet thiab cov tab yog kev cob cog rua rau lub thaiv nqi zog. Thaiv npib muaj ib tug pentagonal zoo, them nrog txaij ribbon ntawm dub thiab ntsuab xim. Muaj ob peb xaiv awards "Rau qhov ntes ntawm Koenigsberg", lub puav pheej yog muaj nrog rau ob hom pob ntseg: stamped thiab soldered.

Los ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov kis

Cov neeg uas txawm yog vim li cas tsis tau txais cov puav pheej, tab sis leej twg muaj txoj cai kom tau ib tug puav pheej "Rau qhov Tos mus ntawm Königsberg", twb muab tsub lub daim ntawv pov thawj, stamped thiab kos npe rau los ntawm tus commander. Kev nthuav qhia los ntawm medals nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib daim ntawv lees tias ib tug tib neeg ib feem nyob rau hauv lub capture thiab cov storming ntawm Konigsberg. Qhov no daim ntawv yog muab commanders thiab kav cov tub rog kev kho mob hauv tsev.

Kev nthuav qhia los ntawm medals nyob rau ntawm commanders ntawm cov tub rog units. Rau cov neeg uas tau poob tawm ntawm lub Red Army thiab Navy, cov puav pheej coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub regional, koog tsev kawm ntawv thiab lub nroog tub ceev xwm noj nyob rau hauv lub zej lub zos.

Decree ntawm lub Supreme Council

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, hais txog 760 lab ntawm peb cov tub rog tau txais qhov puav pheej "Rau qhov ntes ntawm Konigsberg." Cov puav pheej twb hnav nyob rau sab laug sab ntawm lub hauv siab. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lwm yam puav pheej-winning tswm tom qab lub puav pheej rau "Rau qhov capture ntawm Budapest".

Raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Supreme Soviet ntawm lub USSR, nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1951, nws twb pom hais tias cov puav pheej "Rau qhov Tos mus ntawm Königsberg" thiab ua tim khawv rau nws tom qab kev tuag ntawm cov puav pheej nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv nws tsev neeg. Ua ntej no tsim tej kev cai puav pheej thiab daim ntawv pov thawj muab xa rov qab mus rau lub xeev tom qab kev tuag.

Tom qab lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, ib feem ntawm East Prussia kis mus rau cov Soviet Union, nrog rau cov fortress nroog ntawm Koenigsberg. Nyob rau hauv 1946, lub nroog ntawm Königsberg twb renamed Kaliningrad nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus tuag tog thawj coj Mihaila Ivanovicha Kalinina.

Muab cov puav pheej rau lub capture ntawm Königsberg

Ntshav thiab hws irrigated teb East Prussia peb pab tub rog. Invaluable thiab kuj zoo kawg feat tiav los ntawm peb cov tub rog. Cov puav pheej "Rau qhov Tos mus ntawm Königsberg" - tsuas yog ib tug me me nqi zog uas yog tsim nyog peb ua tsov ua rog. Hu rau peb ib co cov npe ntawm cov heroes, ntawm lawv Alexei Solomonovich Gershgorn, Nikolay Nikolaevich Naprimerov, Semyon Samuilovich Levin, Yefim Evseevich sab ntsuj plig Gyulmamed Gyulmamedov, Naplyueva Valentina Fyodorovna, Ivanov Dmitriy Semenovich. Tus nqi ntawm lub neej thiab noj qab haus huv tau muab rau lawv mus ua phem thiab capture ntawm lub fortress. Thiab nws tsis tau kos mus txog ib daim ntawv teev npe. Cov puav pheej "Rau qhov Tos mus ntawm Königsberg" tau txais ib tug ntau ntawm peb cov tsov ua rog, tab sis ib txhia khoom plig, hmoov tsis, tsis tau pom lawv cov nqi heev.

Noj ntawm Königsberg yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub heroic feat ntawm peb cov tub rog. Nco thiab kim kos npe rau tau ua rau peb ib tug puav pheej "Rau qhov Tos mus ntawm Königsberg". Photo khoom plig, hmoov tsis, feem ntau los nyob rau hauv Internet qhib tej qhov chaw cim "muag." Tej zaum peb tsis nco qab ua li cas zoo ib yam ua peb cov tub rog. Noj Konigsberg yog ib tug decisive kauj ruam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tsov rog: tus kawm tiav ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv East Prussia qhib txoj kev rau peb mus Berlin. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus ua pub rau muaj xws li lub nroog ntawm Königsberg thiab cov cheeb tsam surrounding mus rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Tam sim no lub nroog ntawm Kaliningrad yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Honour, hwjchim ci ntsa iab thiab nyob mus ib txhis nco txog peb cov tub rog los yeej muaj qhov kev tsov kev rog.