Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm Pasternak B.: Ib daim ntawv teev cov interesting tseeb thiab xyuas

Boris Pasternak - Lavxias teb sab paj huam thiab txawj sau ntawv. Nws kuj yog tswv qhov zoo tshaj plaws translations ntawm Shakespeare thiab lwm yam txawv teb chaws classics. Pasternak twb muab tsub lub Nobel nqi zog. Vim li cas phau ntawv Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv tau txais ib tug prestigious puav pheej? Thiab yog dab tsi luag hauj lwm no yog ua si los ntawm cov kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws lub neej? Pasternak tej hauj lwm - lub npe ntawm tsab xov xwm.

biography

Boris Pasternak yug nyob rau hauv Moscow, nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj tswv yim tsev neeg. Kuv txiv yog ib tug artist. Niam - pianist. Pasternak lub tsev yog nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub capital. Cov kws sau paj lug los ntawm thaum yau surrounded los ntawm ntxias. Lub tsev frequented los ntawm nto moo sau ntawv, ua yeeb yam thiab musicians. Ib chav tsev Pasternak xyuas txawm lub Rilke. Kawm paub txog lub German kws sau paj lug, composer Scriabin thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb neeg ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug muaj tswv yim cwm pwm.

Pasternak tej hauj lwm muaj kev cuam tshuam impressions uas nws tau txais raws li ib tug me nyuam. Muaj ib hnub, nws poob nyob rau hauv lub blows ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam sau nyob rau hauv lub tua tsiaj. Yog li nws yuav sau xyoo tom qab nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov kwv huam. Lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug, nws kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Cov xib fwb ntaus lub siab tawv thiab kev rau siab ntawm ib tug tub hluas. Lub quest rau perfection yog tsis tawm nws lub neej.

Boris Pasternak, nws kawm tiav los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm txoj cai lij choj nyob rau hauv Moscow. Nws kawm philosophy nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nrog nws niam nws txiv, nws tau mus xyuas Venice nyob rau hauv 1912. Ib txhia tej hauj lwm ntawm Pasternak, sau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua, kis puas ntawm ib tug mus txawv tebchaws los cov teb chaws Europe.

Nyob rau hauv 1921, lub tsev neeg tshuav Russia. Cov niam txiv thiab tus muam nyob Berlin. Cov kws sau paj lug nws tus kheej txij li thaum 1936 intermittently nyob rau hauv Peredelkino. Lavxias teb sab kws ntawv thiab cov kws sau paj lug, tuag nyob rau hauv 1960. Nws raug faus nyob rau hauv lub toj ntxas, nyob ze ntawm lub zos ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv nyob rau hauv Peredelkino.

Thaum pib ntawm creativity

Tom qab rov qab los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug txiav txim siab mus devote los ntawm tam sim no feem ntau ntawm cov sij hawm qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm philosophy. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog tseem pib ntawm nws kev sau ntawv txoj kev. Pasternak thaum ntxov hauj lwm twb tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Futurists. Ntawm cov paj huam uas muaj nyob rau budding txawj cawv, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, peb yuav tsum hais Vladimir Mayakovsky.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm Pasternak, daim ntawv teev cov uas yog hais hauv qab no, tau tsim tom qab lub kiv puag ncig. Tab sis tus thawj sau los ntawm nws tsab ntawv nws luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1913. Txawm li cas los, nws muaj tsis tau tsuas yog nws ua hauj lwm tab sis kuj cov kwv huam ntawm lwm yam paj huam.

Nyob rau hauv 1916 nws luam tawm hauv phau ntawv "Qhov tseem ceeb cov Teeb meem". Nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nws tau haum zoo paub nyob rau hauv phau ntawv sau voj voog Boris Pasternak. Tej hauj lwm uas muaj nyob rau hauv no sau: "Marburg", "Yard", "lub caij ntuj no ntuj", "Kev zoo siab", "ncha", "Swifts", "Ural rau thawj lub sij hawm", "Lov-up", "snowstorm" thiab lwm tus neeg.

"Kuv Muam - Lub neej"

Qhov no sau twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1922. United los ntawm ib qho tswv yim nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm Pasternak tej hauj lwm. Daim ntawv teev cov kwv huam muaj nyob rau hauv tus sau "Kuv Muam - Lub neej":

1. "Waltz nrog kua muag."
2. "Lub neej".
3. "Lub ob hlis ntuj, kom tau number case thiab quaj!".
4. "Chaw nres tsheb".

Puas tseem yog menyuam yaus thiab hluas Pasternak ua ke nrog lyrical tej hauj lwm. Daim ntawv saum toj no yog yeej tsis exhaustive. Feem ntau ntawm cov kwv huam uas muaj nyob rau hauv no sau tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1917. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub ob lub xyoos ua ntej nws cov ntawv Pasternak sau paj huam "Cuaj puas thiab tsib xyoos", "Spektorsky", "Lieutenant Schmidt".

prose

Nyob rau hauv lub lig twenties, Boris Pasternak sau tsawg paj huam. Nws puv rau luag. Thaum xub thawj lawv me me tsab ntawv, memoirs. Nyob rau hauv 1930 nws luam tawm hauv phau ntawv "Zoo Coj". Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, lub hwj chim los mus cov kws ntawv es favorably. Txawm li cas los, tsis ntev nws kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub neej yav tom ntej sau ntawm tus tshiab "Tus kws kho mob Zhivago" tau hloov.

nyob rau hauv lub doghouse

Tej lub sij hawm Pasternak kho nrog ib tug tej hwm thiab txawm admiration rau Stalin. Tom qab lub ntes ntawm Gumilev sau ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv uas nws nug rau qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Daim ntawv thov yog ua. Thiab tsis ntev tso. Tab sis kev sib raug zoo ntawm Pasternak thiab lub Soviet tsoom fwv tau soured nyob rau hauv 1936. Los ntawm cov kws sau paj lug pib thov ideological cov ntsiab lus, uas nyob rau hauv nws sau tau tsis tsum. Pasternak, nyob rau hauv lem, yog tsis muaj peev xwm mus tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau. Nyob rau hauv nws cov kwv huam pib tshwm sim ntau thiab ntau kom meej meej rau tragic ntxoov.

Translations

Nyob rau hauv lub forties, tsawg sau Boris Pasternak. Nto moo tej hauj lwm ntawm Shakespeare, Goethe, Schiller tau pauv mus rau lawv. Yog li nws tau cawm nws tsev neeg los ntawm ib tug tsis muaj nyiaj. Tab sis nws tom qab txais tau hais tias nws siv nws lub zoo xyoo rau kev hloov tsheb, thaum tseem muaj peev xwm mus tsim tau ib tug ntau ntawm lyric thiab prose ua hauj lwm. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm hnub, tus kws ntawv yog nyob rau hauv lub doghouse. Nyob rau lub xov xwm ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, thiab tawm ntawm cov nqe lus nug.

Pasternak, uas nws zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm xwb nyob rau hauv lub lig eighties twb paub rau Soviet cov txawj nyeem ntawv, twb rehabilitated tom qab nws tuag. Nyob rau hauv 1988, tus tshiab "Tus kws kho mob Zhivago" twb xub luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub nineties nkag mus hauv lub paj huam kev pab cuam uas sau Boris Pasternak.

Lub Nobel nqi zog

Vim li cas kev ua hauj lwm nws tau txais tus kws uas sau no prestigious puav pheej? Cov dab neeg "tus kws kho mob Zhivago", luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1958 nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union tau nyeem los tsuas ib tug tsawg tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg. Nobel nqi zog twb muab rau cov txawj sau ntawv rau nws pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub epic Lavxias teb sab dab neeg. Soviet ua hauj lwm raws li hauv phau ntawv "Tus kws kho mob Zhivago" hu ua ib tug smear. Nyob lub teb chaws, pib w.

Pasternak tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub Writers 'Union. Hais txog nws li npau taws cov khoom los ntawm tseem ceeb sau ntawv, xws li Sergei Mikhalkov. Semiofficial cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Soviet prose demanded mus rau deprive cov neeg sau ntawm cov muaj teeb meem tshiab yog neeg Amelikas thiab raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub teb chaws. Pasternak, mus rau lub delight ntawm nws cov yeeb ncuab, rau muab tso rau, tab sis nws twb zoo heev paub nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Tsab yog qhov tseeb hais tias phau ntawv twb thuam los ntawm ntau. Tab sis yuav luag tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lawv tau nyeem nws.

Tom qab ntawd, kws sau paj lug sau tau ib zaj paj huam hu ua "Nobel nqi zog". No ua hauj lwm nws tau hu mus rau lub Lubyanka. Lub sij hawm no twb yog nws raug teeb meem los ntawm tus liam ntawm "treason." Tab sis, qhov zoo ces, tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim.

Yog li ntawd, Pasternak ua lub thib ob Lavxias teb sab Nobel laureate rau ntaub ntawv. Tus thawj yog Ivan Bunin. Cov dab neeg, rau cov uas nws twb muab tsub lub nqi zog, hu ua lub ntev scandal nyob rau hauv nws teb koj chaw. Yuav ua li cas puas tau ua hauj lwm uas sparked heev npaum li cas kev sib ntxub?

"Tus kws kho mob Zhivago"

A cov khoom uas tau tshwm sim los ib tug cua daj cua dub ntawm kev npau taws, qhia txog txoj hmoo ntawm tus tub ntawm ib tug tsis muaj nyiaj businessman. Lub protagonist - Yuri Zhivago - ib tug xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm ib zaug neeg uas nplua nuj. Tab sis nws txiv tau squandered tag nrho hmoov zoo nyob rau hauv carousing. Lub hero ntawm tus tshiab coj nyob rau kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov txij nkawm Gromeko. Yuri hlob nrog rau lawv tus ntxhais, Tonya, uas tom qab yuav tau ua nws tus poj niam.

Yuri los ua ib tug kws kho mob. Muaj ib zaug, thaum kuv tseem yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv, nws pom lub tragic scene: hluas nkauj ua ib qho los mus tua cov zoo-paub Moscow tus kws lij choj Komarovsky. Tus txiv neej no tau ib zaug muab nws txhais tes mus rau puas uas muaj sia nyob dissolute txiv. Yuri yeej ib txwm nco ntsoov ntxhais, sim tua Komarovsky. Nws lub npe yog Larissa. Nws tau los ua nws tus hlub, xyoo tom qab, thaum lub sij hawm thawj lub ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog, thaum Yuri yog ib tug kws kho mob ntawm ib qho ntawm lub xeev cov tsev kho mob.

Cov kev tsov kev rog tau muab txhua yam upside down. Zhivago rov qab mus rau Moscow, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub tsev nyob qhov twg nws siv nws cov hluas, yog tam sim no hosting ib tug neeg tu vajtse Markel. Nrog Yuri nws tam sim no hais lus txawv. Tom qab tag nrho, muaj ib tug hais tias: leej twg yog tsis muaj dab tsi yuav ua tau txhua yam. Zhivago yuav txiv Markel tus ntxhais thiab sai tuag ntawm koj lub plawv nres. Cov tshooj ntawm tus tshiab muaj yog ib tug lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov phooj ywg Zhivago. Ib tug ntawm lawv - Michael Gordon - muaj cuab kav nrog extramarital tus ntxhais ntawm George thiab yog ib tug sau ntawm nws cov kwv huam. Cov no poetic tej hauj lwm:

1. "Hamlet".
2. "Nyob rau hauv tus dawb huv."
3. "Kab tshoob".
4. "Caij nplooj zeeg".
5. "Dawb Hmo ntuj".
6. "Rhuav Kaj ntug."
7. "Lub caij ntuj no hmo ntuj".
8. "Miracle".
9. "Magdalene."
10. "Qhov phem hnub."