Qhob hydraulic GOST, qauv, yam ntxwv, zog, daim ntawv thov

Rau lug thiab lug uas yog nyob rau hauv hu rau cov zaubmov uas muaj dej yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb cov khoom uas yuav withstand corrosive los ntawm cov kua nruab nrab. Rau cov kev siv ntawm tej yam kev mob uas siv cov qhob hydraulic engineering. Nws muaj tag nrho cov tsim nyog nta rau kev ruaj ntseg lag luam los ntawm lub tsev chaw.

txhais

Qhob hydraulic belongs rau cov qeb ntawm hnyav, nws yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm embankments, txuas hniav thiab lwm cov lug, lug yog tej zaum ib feem los yog tag raus rau hauv dej, los yog muaj kev sib cuag nrog nws.

Ib tug feature ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog nws muaj peev xwm mus tuav nws thawj zaug nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv txhoj puab heev tej yam kev mob tsis txo qhov zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm cov cab kuj caij. Ib txhia zog, xws li lub zog, nyob rau hauv vozdnoy nruab nrab tsub kom nrog lub sij hawm thaum tswj lub sam xeeb thiab cov qauv ntawm lub pob zeb.

kev faib

Muaj yog ib tug tej yam txheej uas yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau ntsib los ntawm qhob hydraulic engineering. GOST 26633-2012 "Qhob nyuaj thiab zoo-grained. Specifications "regulates qhov zoo ntawm cov sib tov Cheebtsam thiab thaj chaw ntawm Cheebtsam ntawm lub tiav lawm tov. Cov ntaub ntawv yog ib tug thoob ntiaj teb cov cim, nws coj 8 lub teb chaws.

Raws li GOST, qhob hydraulic faib ua ob peb pab pawg raws li cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm immersion raug thiab ib tug aqueous nruab nrab:

1. Overwater.
2. Underwater.
3. Rau ib tug uas tsis-ruaj khov theem dej.

Nyob rau lub ntim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas generated designs yog muab faib mus rau hauv:

1. Loj heev - complex nrhiav thiab loj cell ntau thiab tsawg pab, nrog sis tsis ncaj hardening nrog tshav kub.
2. Nonmassive - yooj yim tsim nrog me me qhov ntev.

Raws li tus quab yuam kev ua rau cov tawv yam khoom:

1. Rau siab tshuab.
2. Rau uas tsis yog-siab ntsiab.

Ntxiv kev faib sib cais lawm qhov chaw ua vaj tse daim ntaub ntawv:

1. Rau hauv cov lug (lawv yog tsawg nws leaching, dej siab, tiam sis yuav tsum tau withstand zoo li qub raug).
2. Rau lwm cov ntsiab thiab tej chaw (xws dej yog cuam tshuam los ntawm lub active zog thiab ib tug uas tsis yog-ruaj khov tshuaj tom qab).

Muaj pes tsawg leeg sib tov

Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau raws li cov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm GOST pob zeb txaus hardness, muaj zog thiab muaj kev ruaj ntseg. zoo tswj yog tag nrho cov Cheebtsam uas ua rau hydraulic qhob. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm sib tov:

1. Lub ntsiab tivthaiv - ib tug phau ntawv. Rau resistant rau txhoj puab heev dej nyhuv siv sulphate resistant xis mas. Rau AC theem immersion tau hydrophobic los yog nrog cov menyuamuas ntawm plasticizing additives. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam piv txwv, cov pozzolan, slag los yog Portland MAAs.
2. Fine sau ua ib pawg - quartz xuab zeb, nws tsub kom cov kuj ua vaj tse rau cov dej. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ntiav impurities thiab khib nyiab - nyob rau hauv ntub tej yam kev mob tig tau ho tsis muaj zog cov khoom.
3. Ntxhib sau ua ib pawg - gravel thiab crushed pob zeb ntawm sedimentary thiab igneous pob zeb. Qhov no yog heev hydrophobic, te. Faction pob zeb nyob rau ntawm cov kev yam ntxwv ntawm qhob mortar yuav tsum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tej kev cai. Daim ntawv muab tub lim yuav tsum loj thiab convex flakiness rubble los yog gravel muaj qis zog.
4. Additives - improvers thaj chaw ntawm cov tshuaj. Lawv kom cov kuj kub hloov pob zeb, dej txhoj puab heev influences, txo tshav kub raws li tsim nyog, tiv thaiv cov tsos ntawm cov kab nrib pleb.

Cov khoom ntawm tag nrho cov Cheebtsam thiab lawv tsis, lub caij nyoog formulation ntawm cov tshuaj teev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov 3 GOST 26633-2012. Ua raws li yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv tej ntau lawm, npaj txhij mix tau txais cov ntaub ntawv raws li tus txheej txheem.

kev yam ntxwv

Cov khoom muaj ib tug plurality ntawm tsiaj. Lawv txawv los ntawm lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom, uas yuav tsum tau obladat qhob hydraulic engineering. Kev yam ntxwv nyob ntawm seb lub hom thiab hom qauv. Lub ntsiab kev txhawj xeeb compressive zog, FLEXURAL axial ncab, txias kuj thiab hydrophobicity. Cov ua hauj lwm cov tshuaj yog xaiv plurality ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nqi, txij thaum lub thaj chaw ntawm txhua batch yuav sib txawv, uas yog tsis tsim nyog rau ib tug muab khoom.

lub dag lub zog

Cov thawj thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - tus nqi ntawm compression kuj, vim feem ntau lug muaj hwj chim ntsug load los ntawm qhov ntim ntawm lub tsev saum toj no.

Qhob zog tau txiav txim los ntawm lub xeem lub voos xwmfab tiam thiab xyuas nws nyob rau hauv siab. Cov tsab yog khaws cia ntawm 28 thiab 180 hnub rau tua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hydraulic duab thawv muaj rau sab twb muab tso rau hauv dej rau lub hardening lub sij hawm.

Tests nqa tawm nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov rog mus ntes.

Raws li ib txoj kev kawm los ntawm cov pob zeb ua hauv chav kawm ntawv puav pheej V3,5 rau B60. Feem ntau hom B10-B40.

Tensile zog thiab FLEXURAL

Tsim, uas tsis cuam tshuam rau txoj kev load, yog raug rau lwm influences - axial nro thiab dabtsi yog khoov. Yuav kom to taub seb lub pob zeb yuav mas xws hom, nws yog soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv cov kev kuaj. Mark tensile zog - Bt0,4 ... 4,0.

impermeability

Txiav txim nyob rau hauv txoj kev kuaj rau lub dice-kuaj ntawm lub tib lub hnub nyoog, nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv. Lub essence ntawm qhov kev kuaj no yog los maj mam nce lub dej siab rau nws cov seepage los ntawm lub pob zeb ua lub cev. Raws li cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub pob zeb muab hom waterproofing W2-20.

Rau corrosive seawater ib puag ncig, siv high-siab hydraulic engineering qhob tsis tsawg tshaj li W4.

te-kuj

Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm cov pwm tsom rua kub hloov nrog lub peev xwm mus hliv dej rau. Raws li yog lub npe hu, lub expansion ntawm cov kua crystallizes thiab ua rau kev puas tsuaj mus rau lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv, nyob rau hauv uas nws muaj peev xwm mus txeem. Kom tsis txhob no lub luag hauj lwm cov qauv nyob rau hauv kev daws teeb meem nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov hydraulic ntxiv tshwj xeeb additives thiab plasticizers uas ua rau kom cov kuj ua vaj tse solidify.

Hom te F qhia yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam ua kom tiav mus ntawm khov thiab yaj yuav mas qhob piv txwv ntawm cov tsis muaj zog yog tsis ntau tshaj li 15%. Yuav kom ib tug sib tov ntawm hydraulic engineering kev ntsuam xyuas nqa tawm los ntawm cua sov nws nrog dej thiab xa mus rau hauv cov dej khov.

Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb hydrophobic qhob cim rau te muab F50-300.

improvers sib tov

Tensile zog, dej kuj thiab te kuj nteg nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam ntawm nws cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. Tshwj xeeb zog yog txiav txim los ntawm hydraulic pob zeb ntsev ntawm ntau yam hlau thiab puas tebchaw.

Additives modifiers raug muab faib ua 2 pab pawg.

Group kuv thiaj li dej haum rau 5 lub sij hawm hnub kawg project tua 28 hnub. Ntawm cov feem ntau siv:

• Feniletoksisiloksan 113-63 (yav tas los FES-50).
• AMCP-3 (Russia) sodium Alyumometilsilikonat.
• "Txheej" (Russia).
• Gidrobeton (EU).
• Addiment DM 2 (lub teb chaws Yelemees).
• Liga Natriumoleat 90 (Russia).
• Sikagard-702 W-Aquahod (Switzerland).

Tsawg haib pab pawg neeg II (yuav txo tau kom 2-4,8 lub sij hawm). Nws daim ntawv thov yog ua tau rau nws ib tug saum npoo ntawm pob zeb:

• Polyhydrosiloxanes 136-157M (yav tas los GCJ-94M) thiab 136-41 (yav tas los GCJ-94).
• "Divisional Commander-C."
• Stavinor ZN EU Stavinor Ca PSE.
• HIDROFOB E (Slovenia).
• Cementol E (Slovenia).
• Sikalite (Switzerland).
• Sikagard-700S (Switzerland).

Group III yuav tsum tsis txhob thov kom tus creation ntawm hydraulic pob zeb. Lub additives txo cov dej nqus mus rau 2 lub sij hawm.

lwm yam khoom

Thaum xaiv ib tug ua hauj lwm mix rau hauv tus account tsis tau tsuas yog lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm hydraulic pob zeb, tab sis kuj lwm yam tsis:

• Tus nqi ntawm cov shrinkage.
• Kuj mus deformation.
• Lub degree ntawm kuj cov dej ntws thiab lub twj tso kua mis siab.

Yog tsis muaj ib daim ntawv qhia rau hydraulic qhob: nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm cov dej, tus nqi siab thiab lwm yam loads. Nyob rau hauv raws li cov fillers thiab additives siv, muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm kom txhim khu kev qha cov lag luam yav tom ntej pob zeb.

daim ntawv thov

Pw tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug dej reservoir - nws yog lub luag hauj lwm thiab yooj yim. Nws yog poured loj nyiaj nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob sis tsis ncaj hardening thiab yaig. Vim qhov xwm ntawm tso lub cev solidifying tsim thermal txhawj xeeb tshwm sim thiab sib txawv uas yuav tsum tau kho. Kom tsis txhob overheating thiab ntxov ntxov deformation ntawm cov zoo lawm, plasticizers no ntxiv rau cov tshuaj, thiab tshwj xeeb hom ntawm cement:

• Pozzolan.
• Slag.
• Lub hydrophobic.

Rau qhov kev siv ntawm offshore lug siv pob zeb hydraulic engineering. Nws siv yog thoob plaws:

• Txuas hniav, lawv pab txhawb thiab kev girders.
• Kev kho reinforcing embankments thiab ntug dej phab ntsa ports.

• Pas dej da thiab lawv tais thiab cov cheeb tsam surrounding.
• Cov phab ntsa hauv manholes thiab shafts.
• Subway ntau.
• Kev chaw: dams, pas fais fab noj, breakwaters.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog uas hydraulic qhob ntawm tsawg cov qhab nia yuav siv los sau qhov hauv qab daus nrog ib theem siab ntawm av los yog ib tug ntau yam pauv loj poob nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm melting snow thiab cov hnyav rains.