Qhob - dab tsi yog qhov no? Yuav ua li cas yog lub pob zeb ua cov chav kawm yog muaj?

Qhob - ib co pob zeb cov ntaub ntawv uas rau lub tsev uas yog tau ua los ntawm molding thiab solidifying zoo xaiv sib tov muaj MAAs, dej, thiab zoo thiab ntxhib fillers. Tag nrho cov no yog niaj ib tug yuav tsum foob. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, tshwj xeeb additives siv, thiab thaum nws los txog rau asphalt ua vaj tse, cov dej yog tsis siv.

Cheebtsam

Inherently qhob - ib tug sib tov ntawm MAAs thiab dej, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov xis mas pob zeb uas yog tsim, tsevneeg ib zaug xwb monolith grain fillers siv. Qauv thiab thaj chaw ntawm qhob nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj. Lawv hloov nws degree ntawm porosity, cov lus teb rau tej yam ntawm kev nyuaj siab, ruaj khov lub sij hawm thiab ho thiaj li deformation ntawm qhob nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm solidification. Qhob tau ua lub ntsiab siv cov ntaub ntawv uas siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov chaw vim lub fact tias muab xam lub caij rau cov zus tau tej cov mixtures nrog txawv zog nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ntau yam fillers. Nws yog ib cov yam ntxwv, thiab nws qhib kom dav applicability.

Qhob - ib tug check cov ntaub ntawv uas nrog ib tug high degree ntawm hluav taws kuj, nws ceev, durability thiab lwm yam ntxwv yuav raug hloov los ntawm kev muab nws tej yam khoom. Nrog kom zoo ua lub sib tov yuav ua tau lub Desired zoo qauv nrog architectural khoom thiab yam ntxwv mechanics.

Ib me ntsis keeb kwm

Raws li ib tug dag lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas, muaj raws ntawm cov dej, fillers thiab xis mas qhob yog lub npe hu los ntawm antiquity. Ntau tshaj xya txhiab xyoo dhau los nws twb siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub inhabitants ntawm Mesopotamia ua liaj ua teb vaj tse thiab tsev. Peb siv nws thiab cov builders ntawm lub Great Pyramids. Loos qhob siv tau raug thawb rau ib theem tshiab - lawv tso tseg tsis tau tsuas yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov vaj tse, tab sis kuj yuav tag nrho blocks ntawm qhob vaj tse. Tsim nta ntawm Roman txoj kev, ncaws, arches thiab plag tsev ntawm cov khoom no thiab tam sim no tsis tau poob lawv tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog, Roman pob zeb raug technology tau irretrievably poob.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus laus tus qhob - yog tsis tib yam li niaj hnub. Nws lub ntsiab sib txawv yog nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm muaj tsis muaj xis mas. Raws li cov phau ntawv siv gypsum, txiv qaub los yog cov av nplaum.

yam ntxwv ntawm

lub dag lub zog ntawm qhob - nws yog ib lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yam ntxwv uas muaj ib tug ncaj qha feem rau qhov kev kawm tsis muaj cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv cov tswvyim no coj los txhais lub pob zeb ua muaj peev xwm los mus tiv txhoj puab heev cov xov xwm thiab lwm cov neeg kho tshuab rog. Qhov no tus nqi yog txiav txim los ntawm cov kev tswj txoj kev: ultrasonic thiab txhua yam. Nyob rau hauv GOST 18105-86 teev kev cai soj ntsuam vaj tse zog nyob rau hauv dabtsi yog khoov, nro thiab compression. Ib tug yam ntxwv yog cov coefficient ntawm variation, uas qhia cov uniformity ntawm sib tov.

Nyob rau hauv raws li cov GOST 10180-67 kev txiav txim ntawm tensile lub zog ntawm qhob no yog tsim ntawm compression tswj lub voos xwmfab, lub tav muaj ib tug loj ntawm 200 mm nyob rau hauv 28 hnub. Qhov no hom yog hu ua lub voos xwmfab lub dag lub zog. Tsis tas li ntawd GOSTs siv los mus txiav txim lub dag lub zog thiab tseem SNiPy. Piv txwv li, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus stripping zog ntawm qhob lug nyob rau hauv mos txwv kab rov tav luv ntev ntawm 6 meters yuav tsum tau muaj yam tsawg 70% ntawm tus tsim lub dag lub zog, thiab nrog ib tug ntev ntawm ntau tshaj 6 meters - 80% ntawm tus tsim lub dag lub zog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib qhov tseem ceeb lub zog vaj tse. Raws li nrog rau tej yam ntuj tso pob zeb, qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog ntau resistant rau compression, es nro, ces nws yog lub qhov kawg lub dag lub zog ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog xaiv raws li lub ntsiab qauv tshau.

zog

Qhob - ib cov khoom uas lawv lub zog yog ib tug yam ntxwv, loj hlob raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm physico-tshuaj dab kev sis raug zoo ntawm cov xis mas thiab dej, uas sau zoo zoo nyob rau hauv thiab noo thiab sov tej yam kev mob. Nws thiaj li tau tshwm sim hais tias cov khoom yog khov los yog qhuav, tus txheej txheem no yog ua kom tiav. Yav tas los, kom qhuav los yog cia kom khov tej yam tsis zoo nyob rau hauv qhov kawg cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom.

uniformity

Nyob rau hauv nrog tag nrho cov lwm yam lub uniformity ntawm lub dag lub zog nyob rau qhov zoo thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov siv aggregates, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog ib co ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub yav tas tsis muab qhov yuav tsum tau lub dag lub zog ntawm lub pob zeb ua. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev xaiv no yog txuas mus rau lub yav dhau los ib tug, txawm hais tias tus cov ntaub ntawv qhia hais tias qhov no kev sib raug zoo tsis yog ib txwm rooj plaub. Los ua lub homogeneity ntawm lub pob zeb ua tshwm sim ntau dua rau nws zoo daim ntawv thov.

uniformity index yog txiav txim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas cov kev tswj kuaj ua los ntawm pob zeb ua hauj lwm uas muaj tej yam kev kawm lub zog. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm xam qhov taw qhia kev kuaj tau yog kaw nyob rau tib qhov loj thiab cov tej yam kev mob ntawm cia ntawm kuaj ravnovozrastnyh khoom. Uniformity nyob rau hauv waterproofness yog txiav txim los ntawm kev soj ntsuam kuaj ntawm tib thickness nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob ntawm kev siv ntawm cov tib txoj kev.

ceev

Qhov no qhob feature yog haum nyuab, vim nws mas nws txawv nyob ntawm seb uas Cheebtsam yog ntxiv rau cov dej. Yuav kom nce lub ceev ntawm lub pob zeb ua yuav siv tau pozzolan Portland MAAs, uas nthuav los yog aluminous MAAs, tsis txoj kev voids thaum lub sij hawm solidification. Cawv nyob rau hauv no parameter thiab additives, plasticisers, uas feem ntau pab txoj kev tus yam ntxwv ntawm tas sib tov. Yog hais tias lub MAAs muaj pes tsawg leeg hnov XEEV, ces nws cov nqi yog paub ceev.

cov chav kawm

Thaum lub caij, muaj ntau ntau hom. Hnav qhob - ib tug khoom density uas yog 500-1800 kg / m ^3. Qhov no hauv chav kawm ntawv muaj xws li: ua npuas ncauj ua vaj tse, txhab av nplaum khaub-ncaws nyias ua vaj tse, aerated qhob, cellular, arbolit, perlite thiab vermiculite qhob. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug sib tov muaj tus kabmob muaj peev xwm tom qab curing yog heev me me. Tej los yog hnyav ua vaj tse, yus muaj los ntawm ib tug ntom ntawm 1800-2500 kg / m ^3. Raws li ib tug tub lim siv no chippings, gravel. Qhov no hom yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, nws yog ensured hais tias ib tug muaj zog kuj hnav. Tshwj xeeb yog hnyav qhob chav kawm ntawv - ib cov khoom muaj ib tug ntom ntau tshaj 2500 kg / m ^3. Tej mixtures yog siv rau cov kev siv ntawm nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, vim hais tias lawv muaj lub zog ntawm kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv ionizing tawg.

qib ntawm qhob

Qhov no yog yam tseem ceeb heev cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom. Qhov taw qhia ntawm compressive zog qhia cov kuj mus axial compression. Mark qhob txog qhov yuav ncua ntxiv qhia cov kuj mus Axial nro tswj kuaj. Tus cim qhia tau hais tias cov xov tooj ntawm te lwm yaj thiab khov mus. Hom qhob waterproofing qhia tau hais tias thaum uas tus unilateral siab hydraulic qhob yuav tsis paim quav nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm niaj hnub soj ntsuam.

tshawb pom

Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm tej hom phiaj txoj kev hais haum yog mus yuav ib tug npaj txhij-mixed qhob, manufactured nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ua raws li lub xeev cov qauv, vim hais tias nws yog ib qhov nyuaj mus cuag tej yam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov nws tus kheej thiab tsis muaj tshwj xeeb cov khoom.