Agriculture: oilseeds. Shrovetide Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai

Pancake thiab cov qoob loo nyob ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation. Sibhawm, uas yog muab tau los ntawm lawv cov noob thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, yog ntawm kev muaj nqis.

Oilseeds: daim ntawv teev ntawm cov nroj tsuag

Plantings yog siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam, ua raws li ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab raw cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ua liaj ua teb ntau lawm. Cov feem ntau Shrovetide Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai - rape, mustard, kua, castor, paj noob hlis. Daim ntawv tseem muaj perilla, lallemantia, noob hnav, Safflower, txiv laum huab xeeb thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Ua roj cov qoob loo yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab lus qhia ntawm Thawj Industries.

paj noob hlis

Nws hau rau hauv daim ntawv, uas pib Pancake teb cov qoob loo. Sunflower rau lub teb chaws chaw uas zoo heev pib mus faus rau hauv nruab nrab-18th caug xyoo. Nrog rau qhov no qee lub sij hawm oilseeds kis Kuban, Saratov thiab Voronezh chaw. By pib ntawm lub ntiaj teb ob paj noob hlis nyob txog 3 lab. Ha. Tseem ceeb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm no nroj tsuag tau tau muab sau tseg nyob rau hauv Bulgaria, Hungary thiab Romania.

Statistical cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation

Tej zaum tawm los ntawm cov paj noob hlis yog hais txog 4-5 tons ib hectare. Nyob rau hauv 2011, nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb cheeb tsam indices 14.5 c / ha, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Volga - 10.7 c / ha. Liaj teb ua hais txog 27% ntawm cov kab lis kev cai. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas yog cov uas tsis muaj tawm los thiab agronomic mob kev sib hloov cov sau qoob rau txoj kev. Nrog rau qhov no yog tsis yog qhov kawg tseem ceeb feem ntawm parasites, cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag. Txawm li cas los, paj noob hlis - lub feem ntau nqi-zoo, high-roj cov qoob loo. Nyob rau hauv 2006-2010 qhia tawm rau ntawm nws cov qoob loo yog hais txog 12%. Ntawm cov ntau ntsuas ntawm ntau lawm sunflower roj cov qoob loo coj 80%. Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet lub sij hawm nws twb ntseeg tau tias lub feem ntau tag pollination hectare tiav nrog 0.5-1 muv tsev neeg. Los ntawm thaum ntxov 70s koj niam tsim tau twb kwv yees thaum 16.3-3.5 kg / ha. Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm ho nce rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hybrids thiab ntau yam ntawm cov paj noob hlis zus nyob rau hauv Russia.

Tus nqi noj haus ntawm paj noob hlis

Cov roj ua hauj lwm pab raws li cov thawj cov khoom ua kab lis kev cai. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog tau los ntawm paj noob hlis ntau yam sab pub. Piv txwv li, ib tug tib tus nqi yog siv cov nroj stems nyob rau hauv lub sis plawv hniav kev lag luam. Lawv tuaj qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 40-48% ntawm cellulose. Tsis tas li ntawd, paj noob hlis ntsug tus kav yog siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm fiber boards. Thoob plaws cog nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb - nws yog siv raws li ib tug fodder qoob loo. Nyob rau hauv lub qhuav rau lub kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov ntawm cov qoob loo cog therefrom ntsuab loj yog tau. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, yog siv los ua silage.

pancake flax

Nws yog kis mas nyob rau hauv qhuav thiab sov cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub kab lis kev cai yog zus nyob rau hauv lub Western, Central thiab South Asia, South, North thiab Central America. Tsis ntev los no muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm thwmsim kom paub tias cov feasibility ntawm nws cov sau qoob nyob rau hauv Central teb chaws Europe. Pancake flax yog ib tug branched tsawg nroj tsuag. Nws hlob mus txog 50-80 cm., Nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm ceg tsim tej qhov chaw txawv ntawm 2 mus rau 10 thiab tshaj. Flax roj yog siv nyob rau hauv khoom noj khoom haus kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug raw khoom rau cov xim muaj hlau thiab tawv thiab khau ua lag luam. Flax ncuav mog qab zib muaj ib tug high zaub mov muaj nqis thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv kev npaj cov concentrate pub rau noj siv mis nyuj. Nws yog tam sim no protein, fiber thiab roj. Ntaub pua txaj ncuav mog qab zib heev yooj yim digested nyuj. Vim as Cheebtsam tam sim no nyob rau ntawd, ua loo, ua qhov feem pua ntawm rog nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj. Flax straw yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua sau daim ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no roj cov qoob loo siv nyob rau hauv tus kws kev lag luam.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov sau qoob rau flax

Ua ntej tus kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv Russia ua ntawm no kab lis kev cai yog heev txheej thaum ub. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub Soviet lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub xeev thiab collective teb twb tau mus nce cov qoob loo. Qhov no twb tau tiav los ntawm kev siv ntawm mechanization. Cultivated nroj tsuag mas nruab nrab tsis muaj branching nyob puag, tab sis muaj ib tug ceg los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub kav. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, lub flax fibers siv los tsim daim ntawv los yog cottonization. Qhov no ntau lawm yog heev nyob rau hauv America. Qia Shrovetide flax feem ntau haib tshaj cov spinning, thiab nws muaj ib tug me me fibers.

dawb mustard

Qhov no cov roj cov qoob loo los ntawm lub Mediterranean, Eastern Is Nrias teb thiab Western teb chaws Europe. Txij ancient sij hawm, mustard yog siv raws li ib tug lam tshuaj ntsuab thiab txuj lom. Raws li oilseeds nws twb siv ntev los no. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nws belongs rau lub Yarov plantations, nws muaj ib tug tsawg tis. Nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo lawm, mustard ua raws li ib nrab fodder qoob loo.

soybean

Qhov no yog ib qho txhua xyoo tshuaj ntsuab ntawm tsev neeg legumes. Nyob rau hauv soybean paus kev kab mob tam sim no, vim qhov uas cov conversion yog nqa nitrogen muaj nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Soy protein nplua nuj (40-45%), cov rog (20%), carbohydrates (30%). Nws kuj muaj ntau yam mineral ntsiab (txog 5-6%). Nyob rau hauv protein thiab cov amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ib pawg ntawm soybean yog suav tias yog lub ze tshaj analogue rau cov tsiaj cov zaub mov. Raug cov nroj tsuag loj hlob tsis tu li. Yog li ntawd, nws yog nyob rau theem ntawm 156,5 mln. Tons. Qhov no xam tshaj cov nuj nqis rau 1991-1995 los ntawm 30% los ntawm cov 1998 xyoo.

soybean loj hlob cheeb tsam

Nyob rau hauv Russia hnub no yog hais txog 280 tons ntawm taum ib xyoo. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog siv rau cov noj hom phiaj. Lub ntsiab soybean loj hlob no:

1. North Caucasus, Rostov cheeb tsam., Krasnodar cheeb tsam Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingushetia. Muaj nyob txog 9.6% thiab sau qoob yog nqa tawm ntau tshaj li 13% tag nrho cov tawm los.
2. Far East (Amur Region., Khabarovsk thiab Primorsky Krai). Nyob rau hauv no tsam, muaj ntau tshaj 88% ntawm cov qoob loo. Piv tag nrho cov tawm los ntawm ET yog 86% ntawm lub teb chaws.
3. Sab hnub tuaj thiab Western Siberia, Ural thiab Volga cheeb tsam. Muaj nyob kwv yees li 1.5% ntawm cov qoob loo yog ua thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 1% tag nrho cov tawm los.

txiv laum huab xeeb

Qhov no cov roj cov qoob loo tau mas los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv nyob rau hauv 1792. Nyob rau hauv 1825 thawj cov me nyuam mus acclimate nyob rau hauv Odessa txiv laum huab xeeb los. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv me me qhov chaw cov nroj tsuag yog zus nyob rau hauv lub republics ntawm lub Caucasus thiab Central Asia. Peanuts yog cultivated yuav tsim siav roj los ntawm nws cov noob. Cov qhia tawm ntawm cov khoom lees paub txog 53% ntawm tag nrho cov. Raws li rau cov theem ntawm cov protein nyob rau hauv txiv laum huab xeeb, nws yog ua tsis tau zoo mus rau ib tug kua. Ib tonne ntawm hulled noob nyob rau nruab nrab, los ntawm 226 mus 317 kg ntawm roj. Feem ntau, cov khoom no yog siv nyob rau hauv confectionery thiab Canning industries. Lub as txiv laum huab xeeb noob yog siv raws li additives thaum lub sij hawm siv thiab ua cov qhob noom xim kasfes. Yav toj txiav thiab bagasse yog siv raws li nog rau cov tsiaj. Lub dab zaub yog tam sim no mus txog rau 11% protein. Los ntawm nws tus nqi noj haus yog tsis inferior saum clover thiab alfalfa. Rau cov lag luam ua noj tshwj xeeb ntau yam yog zus. Lawv muaj taum tsw. Lub roasted noob ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov khoom noj uas noj, crushed siv raws li additives rau confectionery khoom.