Polyethylene - dab tsi yog qhov no? Kev siv ntawm polyethylene

Yuav ua li cas yog PE? Yuav ua li cas yog nws tus yam ntxwv? Yuav ua li cas yog zus ntawm polyethylene? Qhov no yog ib tug heev interesting cov lus nug uas yuav tsum raug xam tias yog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

lus qhia dav dav

Polyethylene - ib tug tshuaj tshuaj uas yog ib cov saw ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms, txhua tus uas yog kev cob cog rua nrog ob tug molecules ntawm hydrogen. Dua li ntawm qhov xub ntiag ntawm lub tib lub muaj pes tsawg leeg, tsis tau muaj ob versions. lawv txawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv thiab, thiaj li, zog. Tus thawj yog ib tug linear saw nyob rau hauv uas cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm polymerization tshaj lub Performance index ntawm tsib txhiab. Qhov thib ob qauv - ib tug branching ntawm 4-6 carbon atoms uas txuas mus rau lub ntsiab saw hlau los ntawm ib tug arbitrary txoj kev. Raws li tus qauv npaj tau los ntawm linear polyethylene? Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm kev siv ntawm tshwj xeeb catalysts, uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov polyolefins ntawm ntsis kub (txog li 150 degrees Celsius) thiab siab (mus txog 20 atmospheres). Tab sis li cas yog nws? Peb paub nws tshuaj zog, thiab cov uas yog cov ces lub cev?

Yuav ua li cas yog nws?

Polyethylene - ib tug thermoplastic polymer, nyob rau hauv uas crystallization txheej txheem yog ua nyob rau ntawm ib tug kub ntawm tsawg tshaj li rho tawm 60 degrees Celsius. Nws tsis yog pob tshab nyob rau hauv ib tug tuab txheej yog tsis wetted los ntawm dej, organic solvents ntawm chav tsev kub yog tsis cuam tshuam. Yog hais tias qhov kub thiab txias tshaj 80 degrees Celsius, lub o yog nqa tawm ua ntej, thiab ces lwj mus uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons thiab halogen derivatives. Polyethylene - ib yam khoom uas uas tiv phiv cawv dlaws ntawm acids, ntsev thiab alkalis. Tab sis yog hais tias tus kub tshaj 60 degrees Celsius, nws muaj peev xwm heev sai sai zom nitric thiab sulfuric acids. Rau tsevneeg Polyethylene khoom uas lawv yuav tsum ua oxidants, ua raws li los ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov kev tsim nyog tshuaj.

Yuav ua li cas yog zus ntawm polyethylene?

Rau lub hom phiaj no:

• Txoj kev high-siab (tsawg ceev). Polyethylene yog tsim thaum muaj kev kub siab, uas yog nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 1 000 mus rau 3, 000 atmospheres ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 180 degrees Celsius. Raws li cov pa ua raws li ib tug initiator.
• Txoj kev uas tsis muaj siab (kev kub ceev). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, polyethylene yog tsim ntawm ib tug siab uas yog tsawg kawg yog tsib atmospheres thiab ib tug kub ntawm 80 degrees Celsius uas siv ib tug organic kuab thiab Ziegler-Natta catalysts.
• Thiab nyias yog linear polyethylene lawm voj voog, xa mus rau saum toj no. Nws yog intermediate ntawm thawj thiab thib ob cov ntsiab lus.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov no tsis yog yees uas yog siv. Yog li ntawd, heev thiab ntau yog siv cov metallocene catalysts. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov no technology yog hais tias los ntawm nws tau txiav txim siab luj ntawm lub polymer, yog li ua lub dag lub zog ntawm cov khoom. Nyob ntawm seb lub hom qauv thiab cov khoom tsim nyog thaum uas siv cov ib monomer, thiab yog siv los xaiv ib txoj kev txais tos. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej zaum nws yuav cuam tshuam rau lub melting kub uas yuav tsum tau, durability, hardness thiab ceev.

Yog vim li cas yog muaj ib tug muaj zog sib txawv?

Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom - nws branched macromolecules. Yog li, tus loj dua cov nws yog, qhov tsawg dua thiab ntau dua crystallinity polymer elasticity. Yog vim li cas yog no thiaj tseem ceeb? Qhov tseeb hais tias tus neeg kho tshuab thaj chaw ntawm polyethylene yog loj hlob nrog rau nws cov ceev thiab molecular ceeb thawj. Cia saib ib tug ceev Piv txwv li. Lub polyethylene ntawv muaj loj rigidity thiab transparency. Tab sis yog hais tias koj siv tsawg-density txoj kev, lub resulting cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav muaj kuj zoo yooj thiab txheeb ze visibility los ntawm nws. Yog vim li cas yog nws ua xws li ib tug ntau yam ntau yam? Vim qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv kev khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob. Piv txwv li, polyethylene copes nrog lub poob siab loads. Nws kuj tolerates te. Cov kev khiav hauj lwm ntau yam kub ntawm cov khoom no - los ntawm -70 mus +60 Celsius. Txawm tias ib tug neeg nyiaj muas yog siv tau rau sib txawv dog dig gradient - thiab los ntawm -120 mus +100. Qhov no yog los ntawm cov kev ceev ntawm polyethylene thiab nws cov qauv ntawm cov molecular theem.

Cov tseem ntawm cov khoom

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg ib drawback - lub ceev ceev laus ntawm polyethylene. Tab sis qhov no yog yooj yim daws. Nce kev pab cuam lub neej yog tiav los ntawm tshwj xeeb additives, antioxidants, nyob rau hauv ib tug luag hauj lwm uas yuav ua carbon dub, phenols los yog amines. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg, txawm li cas los, hais tias cov uas tsis muaj-density khoom khov dua, ua rau nws yooj yim mus tau rau hauv cov khoom. Tsis tau pav, thiab hluav taws xob zog. Polyethylene vim hais tias nws yog ib tug uas tsis yog-polar polymer yog ib tug zoo high-zaus dielectric. Vim hais tias ntawm no tsis tu ncua thiab tsis tangent los ntawm me ntsis kev hloov av noo hloov, kub (nyob rau hauv ntau -80 rau +100) thiab lub zaus ntawm lub electric teb. Ntawm no yog peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov ib tug feature. Yog li, Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub polyethylene yog catalyst residues, nws tej lub dielectric tsis tangent, uas ua rau yus mus rau ib tug tej yam deterioration ntawm insulating zog. Zoo, peb yuav tam sim no lub zuag qhia tag nrho cov teeb meem no twb rov los xyuas dua. Tam sim no cia tus mloog specifics.

Yuav ua li cas yog kev kub ceev polyethylene?

Qhov no elastic teeb crystallizable khoom uas tshav kub kub kuj yog nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm -80 mus +100 degrees Celsius. Nws muaj ib tug ci iab nto. Vitrification pib thaum -20. Ib tug melting - nyob rau hauv ntau 120-135. Yam ntxwv yog qhov zoo tej yam muaj zog thiab tshav kub tsis kam. ceev polyethylene ho cuam tshuam rau lub resulting zog. Yog li, nrog nws hlob zog, nruj, hardness thiab tshuaj kuj. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm txo cov nyiam mus siv zog thiab permeability rau gases thiab vapors. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg nkag uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm heev load. Tej polyethylene yog biologically inert, thiab nws yuav muab tau yooj yim dua. Uas yog heev pab tau nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub ntiaj teb no. Hais txog kev siv ntawm polyethylene, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws yog siv rau qhov siv thiab ua ntim thiab ntim. Yog li ntawd, hais txog ib feem peb ntawm ntau lawm mus rau tsim ib lub taub ntim tshuab molding, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam, tshuaj pleev ib ce, automotive, neeg, zog teb thiab films. Tab sis nws muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau thaum uas tsim raj thiab yeeb nkab qhov chaw. Ib qho tseem ceeb kom zoo dua ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog nws cov durability, tsis tshua muaj nqi thiab yooj yim ntawm welding.

Tsis tshua muaj ceev polyethylene

Qhov no elastic teeb crystallizable khoom uas muaj ib tug kub tsis kam (tsis muaj load) nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm -120 mus +90 degrees Celsius. Properties kuj xav nyob rau cov kev ceev ntawm lub resulting khoom. Yog li muaj yog ib qho kev nce ntawm lub dag lub zog, hardness, nruj thiab tshuaj kuj. Ua ke nrog rau qhov no polyethylene thickness adversely muaj feem xyuam rau tej yam dag lub zog, elongation, crack kuj thiab permeability rau gases thiab vapors. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog tsis sib txawv seem stability thiab ho tej yam tsis zoo ntawm kuj tsis tshua muaj loads. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tseeb siab tshuaj kuj thiab yav tom ntej dielectric yam ntxwv. Los ntawm tsis zoo - nyob rau ntawm ib tug polyethylene yog phem rog, roj thiab ultraviolet tawg. Biologically inert, yuav muab tau yooj yim dua. Tsis tas li ntawd tseem yuav yus li resistant tawg. Daim ntawv thov ntawm high-density polyethylene yuav pom ntau tshaj plaws thaum tsim kev, khoom noj khoom haus thiab ua liaj ua teb films. Txawm tias, ntawm chav kawm, nws tsis yog qhov kev xaiv xwb.

linear polyethylene

Nws yog ib qho elastic cov ntaub ntawv uas crystallizes. Nws muaj peev xwm mas kub txog li 118 degrees Celsius. Ib qho tseem ceeb kom zoo dua ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog nws cov kuj mus cracking, Thaum tshav kub kub kuj thiab tej yam muaj zog. Nws yog siv rau kev tsim tej pob khoom, ntim thiab ntim. Yuav ua li cas muaj lub PE? Tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom no yog heev piv rau cov ua ntej kos duab npaj los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov tsis tshua muaj siab. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj ib tug zoo zoo nkauj vaj tse. Tab sis tseem, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yuav tsis tau equated nrog ib tug high-siab polyethylene.

Raws li nws muaj peev xwm yuav sawv cev los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas?

Yog li ntawd, peb twb tau kev pab lub theem pib hom ntawm polyethylene. Nyob rau hauv dab tsi daim ntawv nws tsim? Cov feem nrov - ib tug polyethylene daim ntawv thiab zaj duab xis. Cov ntaub ntawv tej zaum yuav manufactured los ntawm tej ntaub ntawv uas ceev. Txawm tias tseem muaj tej yam kev nyiam. Yog li, rau zus tau tej cov saj zawg zog thiab nyias films yog lug siv tsis tshua muaj siab mus kom ze. Lub dav ntawm lub tau cov ntaub ntawv uas, feem ntau nce mus txog 1400 hli, ntev - 300 meters. Tawm tsawg ceev polyethylene thiab ntau txhav, txawm li cas los, lawv yog siv rau cov lug uas yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm: tib los xij, tsim thiab molded cov khoom thiab hais txog.

xaus

Thiab thaum kawg, tsis hais tus ntxawg cov ntaub ntawv, raws li uas thiab ua polyethylene. GOST 16338-85 lub luag hauj lwm rau ntau lawm uas tsim thaum uas tsis muaj siab. Nws ua hauj lwm ntau nyob rau hauv 1985. GOST 16337-77 governs cov teeb meem muaj feem xyuam rau cov high-siab polyethylene. Nws yog txawm ntau cov laus thiab cov hnub rov qab mus rau 1977 xyoo. Cov normative cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov lus qhia txog cov kev cai rau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm uas yog manufactured thiab zaj duab xis, ntim thiab lwm yam ntau yam khoom. Ntxiv mus, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg ib tug ntau yam ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov khoom tau thiab nws muaj ntau haiv neeg hom. Yog li, piv txwv li, heev tam polyethylene zaj duab xis. Lawv peculiarity yog tias rau cov tib thickness yog lub taub hau thiab lub xub pwg nyom saum toj no lawv lub zog tshaj cov pa khoom kuaj. Ntawm tib tam polyethylene films ua tablecloths, cov hnab thiab ntau lwm yam tseem ceeb yam. Lawv lub zog yog tau los ntawm cov kev taw qhia tshwj xeeb yarns los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso los yog hluavtaws fibers.