Platelets: tus nqi rau cov txiv neej nyob rau hauv cov ntshav

Platelets - ib tug uas tsis yog-nuclear hlwb ntawm kheej kheej zoo nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 2-4 microns (micrometer). Cov hlwb, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus leukocytes thiab platelets yog ntshav corpuscles. Lawv yog cov hu ua platelets. Lub ib thooj ntawm cov hlab ntsha comprise mature platelets - txog 87% ntawm lawv cov qub cell - 4.5% thiab cov tub ntxhais los yog tsis paub qab hau - 3.2%. lub maturation lub sij hawm ntawm platelets nyob rau nruab nrab kav rau 8 hnub. Lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm 9 mus rau 11 hnub platelets.

Cov cai rau cov txiv neej, cov poj niam thiab cov me nyuam yuav yuav ib nyuag txawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob ntawm seb muaj hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg no kuj hloov. Nyob rau hauv general ntshav tsom xam nrog rau leucocytes, hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi (ESR) thiab leukocytic mis muaj xws li ib tug qhia xws li platelets. Tej txiv neej no hlwb yog los ntawm 180 mus 400 billion on liter.

Qhov twg yog tsim thiab puas lawm?

Platelets yog tsim ntawm loj hlwb ntawm megakaryocytes, uas yog yuav luag nkaus uas muaj cytoplasm. Qhov no giant hlwb ntawm hlwb pob txha. Thaum lub sij hawm lub hnub, lub cev yog tsim txog 70 txhiab tshiab platelets - platelets. Me tawg tsam ntawm megakaryocyte cytoplasm yog sib cais thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha - tsim platelets. Tom qab, cov hlwb paub tab, nqa tawm lawv cov functions, thiab nyob rau hauv 9-11 hnub no puas nyob rau hauv tus po. Qhov no lub cev yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov cais tawm ntawm cov ntshav tsim ntsiab nrog ib tug tawg qauv, overage.

Ib megakaryocyte peev xwm yuav tsim ua ntej lub 8000 platelets. Rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob txha hlwb hlwb nyob rau hauv lub cev teb kev lawm - thrombopoietin, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub siab, mob raum, thiab skeletal leeg. Los yeej muaj los ntawm cov hlab ntsha nws nkag mus rau hauv liab hlwb pob txha. Thiab nws regulates lub tsim ntawm megakaryocytes thiab platelets. Nrog ib qho kev nce rau hauv cov ntshav platelets tshwm sim inhibition ntawm synthesis ntawm thrombopoietin lawm.

physiological zog

Platelets ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv physiological dab. Lawv ua tau cov nram qab no functions:

• Initial nres los ntshav.
• Tswj vascular cov laus thiab cov permeability.
• Tiv tshuaj tiv thaiv.
• Ua ke nrog leukocytes muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv xa inflammatory dab.
• Tswj cov ntshav nyob rau hauv lub kua hauv lub xeev.

Tab sis feem ntau qhia lawv hemostatic muaj nuj nqi. Thaum ib txog hlab ntsha puas reflex narrowing lub lumen. Platelets interacting nrog collagen (lawv coalescence tshwm sim) thiab ib tug ntshav los khov rau ntawd yog tsim uas txhawb nqa hemostasis.

Yuav ua li cas muaj feem xyuam rau lub platelet suav?

Cia peb nrhiav tau tawm yog dab tsi muaj feem xyuam rau ib qhov taw qhia xws li platelets. Cov cai rau cov txiv neej yog ib nyuag ntau dua li cov poj niam thiab cov me nyuam. Nyob rau platelet suav, cov lwm yam, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si rau cov me nyuam thiab cov laus cuam tshuam los ntawm lub hnub nyoog. Yog li, nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam mos cev ntau ntawm platelets yog heev thoob plaws thiab yog hom twg los ntawm 100 mus 420 x 10 ⁹ / L (BN / l). Qhov no variation muaj feem xyuam rau lub fact tias cov circulatory system ntawm cov me nyuam mos yog heev tsis ruaj tsis khov thiab platelets, raws li zoo li lwm yam ntshav, lawv nquag tsim thiab tuag. Qhov no tseem mus txog ib lub xyoo.

Tus nab npawb ntawm platelets nyob rau hauv cov ntshav yuav muaj raws caij nyoog ua viav vias, nce tom qab mob siab heev lub cev tom thiab muaj txhua txhua hnub hloov mus hloov los.

platelet cai rau cov txiv neej, cov poj niam, cov me nyuam

Paub koj tus kheej nrog cov kev cai ntawm cov uas ntawm cov txiv neej, cov poj niam thiab cov me nyuam, nyob ntawm seb muaj hnub nyoog yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv lub rooj hauv qab no.

Ib co kev pab qhia hais tias tus nqi ntawm platelet nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej mus txog 320 x 10 ⁹ / l. Nws yog ib tug me ntsis outdated cov ntaub ntawv.

Platelets: tus nqi nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej

Nws txo qis cov nqi tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv lub muaj zog nrog txiv neej pw tom qab 60 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm ib co ntawm cov kev tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav tsis yuav hloov. Qhov no kuj siv rau xws li ib tug kev ntsuas, raws li platelets. Cov cai nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej muaj hnub nyoog tshaj ntawm no parameter yog teev nyob rau hauv lub rooj.

Nyob rau hauv adulthood, tus xov tooj ntawm platelets yuav ua me ntsis qis. Cov lus no kom meej meej qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas txawv nyob ntawm seb muaj hnub nyoog ntawm tus nqi taw qhia raws li platelets. Cov cai nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej 60 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog yog ib nyuag txo piv rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tub ntxhais hluas.

Li cas rau cov nce qib ntawm platelets?

Cov kev tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav , nrog rau hemoglobin, leucocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi thiab leukocyte count yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhov taw qhia, thiab qe ua ntshav khov. Tej cov txiv neej muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntshav mus rau 400, cov poj niam - mus txog rau 380 x 10 ⁹ / l. Yog hais tias qhov no daim duab yog ntau dua, ces ib tug mob hu ua thrombocytosis. Qhov no yuav ua rau nce cov ntshav txhaws. Tab sis nws tsis symptomatically manifested. Feem ntau qhia heev los ntawm kev huam yuaj - thaum lub sij hawm ib tug general ntshav kuaj thaum lub sij hawm ib tug niaj hnub soj ntsuam. Thrombocytosis yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov nram no tej yam kev mob:

• Oncological dab.
• Mielofiboz.
• Mob inflammatory dab.
• Kis kab mob.
• Lub postoperative lub sij hawm.
• Eritromiya (mob leukemia).
• Tom qab tshem tawm ntawm tus po (splenectomy).
• Thaum hlau tsis muaj peev xwm anemia.
• Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub caij nyoog siv tej yam tshuaj, xws li corticosteroids.

Tag nrho cov tej yam kev mob yuav ua rau tus nce ntawm qhov ntsuas no, raws li platelets. Cov cai nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov txiv neej lawv yog feem ntau me ntsis ntau tshaj li nyob rau hauv cov poj niam thiab cov me nyuam. Ib me ntsis nce nyob rau hauv platelet sai tau tom qab muab ib ce muaj zog. Qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug pathology. Tom qab ib tug so, qhov no daim duab los rov qab mus rau qub. Thrombocytosis yog thawj thiab.

Primary thrombocytosis Ua

Lub hom thrombocytosis tau los ntawm mob ntawm hematopoiesis (tsim thiab maturation ntawm cov ntshav), hlwb pob txha qia hlwb. Yog vim li cas yuav tsum tau:

• Ib txhia cov ntaub ntawv anemia.
• Eritromiya.
• Mob myeloid leukemia.
• Fibrotic degeneration ntawm pob txha (myelofibrosis).
• Idiopathic thrombocythemia, lub platelet count tej zaum yuav ntau zog rau 4.000.

Secondary thrombocytosis Ua

Secondary thrombocytosis npaj raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm pathological tej yam kev mob (cov kab mob) uas cuam tshuam krovetvoritelnyh lub cev. Cov uas keev ua theem nrab thrombocytosis yog ib tug kab mob.

Tau ua ntawm ob thrombocytosis:

• Mob caj dab rheumatoid.
• Rheumatism (qhov tseeb lub npe rau tus kab mob no - mob rheumatic fever).
• Osteomyelitis los yog necrotic txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha.
• Ulcerative mob plab.
• Loj siab cov kab mob, xws li mob npuas paug.
• Mob Ntsws.
• Neoplastic dab, e.g., carcinoma, nqaij hlav los yog Hodgkin tus kab mob.
• Loj ntshav poob.
• Mob hemolysis (mob loj heev mob nyob rau hauv uas cov hniav lwj ntawm erythrocytes tshwm sim).

Li cas uas tsis muaj platelet suav?

Thrombocytopenia - ib tug mob nyob rau hauv uas cov ntshav platelets yog txo. Cov cai nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej nyob rau hauv ib txhia qhov chaw muaj txog li 320 billion hlwb ib liter, thaum nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg - 400, thiab lub qis bound nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub xws li los ntawm 180 lub hlwb. Txo no daim duab yog ob peb lub sij hawm yuav muab suav hais tias thrombocytopenia.

Yog vim li cas tej zaum yuav:

• Kis kab dab.
• Kev txawv txav ntawm cov hlwb pob txha.
• Cev xeeb tub thiab poj niam nyob rau hauv cov poj niam.
• Anemia ntawm ntau hom.
• Leukemias.
• Caj.
• Cov teeb meem los ntawm hnyav hlau.
• Haus dej cawv nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau.
• Loj heev los ntshav.
• Noj yam tshuaj (xws li tshuaj tua kab mob, analgesics, estrogens).

Hloov los ntawm ib txwm platelet qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv los yog cov kev taw qhia yuav tsum tau ceev faj kev soj ntsuam thiab kev kho mob ntawm tsis tsuas yog cov tshuaj, tab sis kuj yog ib tug uas tsim nyog noj cov zaub mov.