Phenols - dab tsi yog qhov no? Cov khoom thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub phenol

Phenols - Qhov no organic tshuaj muaj feem xyuam rau muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons. Lawv muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv cov xwm, tiam sis feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov paub los rau tib neeg cov uas tau los ntawm dag txhais tau tias. Lawv tam sim no dav siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj kev lag luam, kev tsim kho, yas kev lag luam thiab txawm nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Vim lub high school lub tshuaj lom zog, lub stability ntawm nws cov tebchaw thiab lawv muaj peev xwm mus txeem rau hauv tib neeg lub cev los ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab ua pa system feem ntau phenol lom. Yog li ntawd, qhov no tshuaj yog nqa mus rau ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm tebchaw ntawm ib tug heev tshuaj lom thiab nws siv yog nruj me ntsis tswj.

Yuav ua li cas yog phenols

Qhov no tshuaj tebchaw tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov thiab ua nyob rau hauv vitro. Ntuj phenols yuav pab tau - ib tug antioxidant polyphenols uas ua rau ib co nroj tsuag kho rau cov neeg. Ib tug hluavtaws phenols - ib tug lom tshuaj. Tom qab kev sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij, lawv ua ib tug hlawv, thaum lub allergic rau hauv tib neeg lub cev - ib tug muaj zog tshuaj lom. Cov complex tebchaw teej tug mus rau lub volatile aromatics yog pauv mus rau ib gaseous lub xeev nyob ib tug kub ntawm me ntsis ntau tshaj li 40 degrees. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam, nws yog ib qhov tseeb crystalline tshuaj muaj ib lub tsis hnov tsw.

Kev txiav txim ntawm phenol kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm organic Science News for KIDS. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog hais txog nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov qauv ntawm cov molecule thiab muaj mob muaj nkees. Hais txog lub ntuj tshuaj ntawm cov pab pawg neeg, ua si ib tug luag hauj lwm loj nyob rau hauv cov xwm, muaj coob tus neeg tsis paub dab tsi. Yuav ua li cas yuav koj tuab lub phenol? Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm no tshuaj compound yog heev yooj yim molecule -benzoic pab pawg neeg, hydrogen thiab oxygen.

hom phenols

Cov tshuaj yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv ntau cov nroj tsuag. Lawv muab cov xim ntawm lub stems, paj, tshuaj tsw qab, los yog ua rau muaj kab tsuag. Tseem muaj hluavtaws tebchaw uas muaj kuab lom. Cov tshuaj muaj xws li:

1. Ntuj phenolic tebchaw - yog capsaicin, eugenol, flavonoids, lignans thiab lwm yam.
2. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu thiab lom phenol - carbolic acid.
3. Kev twb kev txuas butylphenol, chlorophenol.
4. Creosote, Lysol thiab lwm tus neeg.

Tab sis feem ntau zoo tib yam neeg paub tsuas yog ob tug npe: carbolic acid thiab phenol nws tus kheej.

Cov khoom ntawm cov tebchaw

Cov tshuaj xwb tsis muaj toxicity. Lawv yog siv los ntawm txiv neej rau ib tug yog vim li cas. Yuav kom txiav txim seb zoo muaj phenol qauv yog qho tseem ceeb heev. Cov compound ntawm cov pa roj carbon, hydrogen thiab oxygen muab nws tshwj xeeb. Uas yog vim li cas nws yog dav siv los ntawm txiv neej phenol. Cov khoom ntawm no compound yog raws li nram no:

• Qhov no crystalline tshuaj nrog ib tug muaj zog tsis hnov tsw qab zib;
• phenol nthuav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov teebmeem ntawm huab cua - cov muaju hloov xim: thawj tig liab, ces ua daj Hawj txawm;
• phenol muaj ib tug heev tsawg melting point;
• Lwm ntawm nws zoo - nws yog ib lub acidity;
• Qhov no tshuaj yog zoo soluble nyob rau hauv dej cawv, roj, alkalis thiab lwm yam organic thiab inorganic kuab tshuaj, thiab tsuas yog dej yog tau yaj phenol ntawm ib tug kub saum toj no 70 degrees;
• rau ntau xyoo, phenol tebchaw tsis txhob poob lawv lub zog, yog li ntawd tag nrho cov khoom raws li lawv ua raws li lawv cov tshuaj lom los ntawm cov tib neeg.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm phenols nyob rau hauv cov xwm

Cov tshuaj no muaj nyob rau hauv ntau cov nroj tsuag. Lawv muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm lawv cev nqaij daim tawv thiab tsw. Capsaicin pungency ntawm kub kua txob. Anthocyanins thiab flavonoids tsuas tsob ntoo tawv ntoo thiab ketol los yog eugenol muab aroma nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm paj. Nyob rau hauv ib co nroj tsuag muaj polyphenols, tej tsim los ntawm koom ntau molecules ntawm phenol. Lawv yog cov pab tau rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Los ntawm polyphenols xws li lignins, flavonoids, thiab lwm tus neeg. Cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv cov roj txiv roj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, neeg rau, tshuaj yej, qhob noom xim kasfes thiab lwm yam khoom. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj ib tug rejuvenating nyhuv thiab tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv mob cancer. Tab sis tseem muaj tshuaj lom tebchaw: tannins, urushiol, carbolic acid.

Phenols ua mob rau tib neeg

Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv thiab tag nrho nws cov derivatives tau yooj yim mus rau mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm cov tawv nqaij thiab lub ntsws. Ntshav ntaub ntawv ib tug phenol compound nrog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv thiab yuav ntau lom. Lub siab dua nws cov concentration nyob rau hauv lub cev, qhov ntau puas nws yuav ua. Phenol txhaum lub paj hlwb thiab hlab plawv system, muaj feem xyuam rau lub siab thiab ob lub raum. Nws txav cov ntshav liab, ua rau tsis haum tshuaj loj thiab qhov ncauj tawm.

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob, phenol lom tshwm sim ntawm cov dej haus, raws li zoo raws li los ntawm cov pa nyob rau hauv lub chaw nyob rau hauv uas nws derivatives siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, xim los yog rooj tog raug.

Nqus tau pa nws tebchaw tshwm sim hlawv tej hlab cua txhob, qhov ntswg voos thiab txawm pulmonary edema. Yog hais tias phenol tau txais nyob rau hauv koj daim tawv nqaij, nws puv ib tug muaj zog tshuaj hlawv, tom qab uas tsim tsis zoo kho ulcers. Thiab yog hais tias koj ntaus ntau tshaj ib tug peb lub hlis twg ntawm tib neeg daim tawv nqaij, nws ua kom nws tuag. Accidental haus me me koob tshuaj ntawm ib tug phenol, xws li cov dej tsis huv, tsim ib pais plab rwj, incoordination, ntxiv lawm tshob, lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm, hemorrhage thiab mob cancer. Loj koob tshuaj sai li sai tau ua rau tuag.

Qhov uas siv tau phenols

Tom qab tus foundations ntawm no substance sab nws muaj peev xwm mus hloov xim nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Qhov no zoo tshaj ntawm cov hlau siv rau zus tau tej cov dyes. Tab sis, ces nws lwm yam khoom nyob sab. Thiab phenol compound tau lug siv nyob rau hauv tib neeg kev ua si:

• rau zus tau tej cov xim tsev thiab varnishes;
• los kho tus mob tsiaj tawv nyob rau hauv lub teeb kev lag luam;
• nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua nylon, nylon thiab lwm yam khoom cua fabrics;
• los tiv thaiv ua liaj ua teb cov tsiaj los ntawm kab mob;
• raws li ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab;
• nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov pa luam yeeb rau kev haus luam yeeb khoom;
• nyob rau hauv yas;
• nyob rau hauv detergents thiab tu cov neeg ua hauj.

Siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj

Thaum lub bactericidal thaj chaw ntawm phenol, nws tau los ua siv lug nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tau pom. Mas rau qhov tua ntawm thaj chaw, cov cuab yeej, thiab txawm lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, phenols - cov no yog cov ntsiab Cheebtsam ntawm ib co nrov tshuaj: aspirin, snowstorm, cov tshuaj los kho tus kab mob ntsws, fungal cov kab mob thiab ntau yam antiseptics xws li xeroform.

Tam sim no Phenol yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce rau sib sib zog nqus daim tawv nqaij nti. Nws yuav siv nws lub zog mus hlawv rau sab saum toj txheej ntawm lub epidermis.

Kev siv cov phenol rau Tsau tshuaj rau cov

Muaj kuj yog ib tug tshwj xeeb kev npaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tshuaj pleev thiab kua rau lwm siv. Nws yog siv rau kab mob li cas ntawm cov khoom thiab tej chaw nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev, cov cuab yeej thiab cov khaub ncaws. Nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm ib tug kws kho mob phenol siv los kho mob cos, pyoderma, impetigo, folliculitis, purulent txhab thiab lwm yam daim tawv nqaij mob. Cov tshuaj ua ke nrog ntsuab xab npum siv kom tuaj tua kab ntawm thaj chaw, soaking cov khaub ncaws. Yog hais tias koj ntse nws nrog kerosene los yog Turpentine, nws yuav disinsection zog.

Koj muaj peev xwm tsis tau leg lub phenol uas nws kim heev qhov chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij, raws li zoo raws li cov chav tsim rau ua noj ua haus thiab khoom noj khoom haus cia.

Yuav ua li cas yuav lom phenol

Ib tug tuag koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw rau ib tug neeg laus tib neeg yuav tsum yog los ntawm 1 g thiab rau cov me nyuam - 0,05 phenol lom tej zaum yuav tshwm sim rau cov nram qab yog vim li cas:

• uas tsis yog raws kev cai nrog kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nrog tej yam tshuaj lom;
• nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev huam yuaj;
• uas tsis yog raws kev cai nrog dosing ntawm cov tshuaj;
• thaum uas siv cov yas khoom nrog ib tug phenol, xws li khoom ua si los yog cov tais diav;
• Yog hais tias tsis muab cia tsev neeg tshuaj.

Nyob rau hauv mob lom tej yam tshwm sim yog pom ib zaug, thiab koj yuav muaj ib tug neeg tau kev pab. Tab sis phenol txaus ntshai yog tias thaum twg koj tau txais ib tug me me koob tshuaj ntawm qhov no yuav tsis tau overlooked. Yog li ntawd, yog tias ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv ib thaj chaw uas siv xov cov ntaub ntawv, xim thiab kua roj vanish cov khoom los yog cov rooj tog uas ua phenol, muaj mob lom.

cov tsos mob ntawm lom

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub txog qhov teeb meem. Qhov no yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm rau pib cov kev kho tau thiab tiv thaiv txoj kev tuag. Lub ntsiab tsos mob yog tib yam li rau lwm yam lom: xeev siab, ntuav, nkees nkees, thiab kiv taub hau. Tab sis muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwm sim los ntawm cov uas ib tug yuav paub tias tus txiv neej taug nrog phenol:

• raug ua tsis taus pa;
• tsaus muag;
• ib tug ntse txo nyob rau hauv lub cev kub;
• dilated tub kawm ntawv;
• pallor;
• ua tsis taus pa;
• txias hws;
• txo nyob rau hauv lub plawv dhia thiab ntshav siab;
• mob plab;
• ntshav raws plab;
• dawb me ntsis rau ntawm daim di ncauj.

Tsis tas li ntawd yuav tsum tau paub cov cim mob lom. Thaum koj tau txais koob tshuaj me me rau hauv lub cev yog tsis xav hais tej yam tshwm sim ntawm no. Tab sis phenol tsam noj qab haus huv. mob lom tsos mob yog:

• nquag migraine mob taub hau;
• xeev siab;
• dermatitis thiab kev tsis haum tshuaj;
• insomnia;
• plab hnyuv mob;
• mob loj heev qaug zog;
• txob taus.

Thawj pab thiab kev kho mob ntawm lom

Tus neeg yuav tsum muab thawj cov kev pab thiab yuav ua li cas xa nws mus rau tus kws kho mob sai li sai tau. Ntsuas uas yuav tsum tau noj sai li sai tau tom qab kev sib cuag nrog phenol, nyob ntawm seb qhov chaw ntawm nws allergic rau hauv lub cev:

1. Tom qab kev sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij, rinsed nrog dej, tsis tau ua los yog tshuaj pleev burns rog.
2. Yog hais tias phenol ntaus nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj - yaug, tsis txhob nqos dab tsi.
3. Yog hais tias nqos, haus dej haus ib sorbent, xws li thee, "Polisorb", nws yog tsis pom zoo kom ntxuav tawm lub plab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv kom txhob mucosal kub yus.

Nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob kev kho mob chaw lom nyuab thiab ntev. Tau cua, dezintosikatsionnaya txoj kev kho yog muab ib tug antidote - calcium gluconate, siv sorbents, tshuaj tua kab mob, lub plawv tshuaj,

Kev Nyab Xeeb cai rau kev siv ntawm phenols

Huv-epidemiological cai nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws muaj tsim lub siab tshaj plaws permissible theem ntawm phenol concentration nyob rau hauv lub sab hauv tsev huab cua. Ib tug muaj kev ruaj ntseg koob tshuaj yog 0.6 mg ib 1 kg lub cev hnyav. Tab sis cov kev cai tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account uas muaj tsis tu ncua kev txais neeg kawm txawm tias ib tug phenol concentration nyob rau hauv lub cev, nws maj mam ua li thiab yog muaj peev xwm mus coj loj kev puas tsuaj rau kev noj qab nyob. Qhov no tshuaj tej zaum yuav raug tso tawm mus rau hauv cov huab cua los ntawm yas khoom, xim tsev, rooj tog zaum, lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv thiab otelochnyh, tshuaj pleev ib ce. Vim hais tias cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm muas khoom yuav tsum tau zoo saib xyuas thiab, yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug tsis kaj siab qab zib tsis hnov tsw ntawm tej yam uas nws yog zoo dua kom tau tshem ntawm nws. Thaum uas siv cov phenol kom tuaj tua kab yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis cai ntau npaum daws thiab cia cov kev cai.