Peter thiab Paul Fortress nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg: yees duab, khaws puav pheej, yuav ua li cas kom tau

Peter thiab Paul Fortress nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nrog ib tug kub siab kub tse nws thiab Paul Cathedral, nrog mighty bastions thiab rab phom ravelins hais tias txhua txhua hnub heralds tus mus kom ze ntawm tav su, tais ntaus nqi los ntawm peb raws li ib tug cim ntawm no amazing nroog. Nws yog los ntawm nws txoj siv pib ib tug ob peb centuries dhau los, lub keeb kwm ntawm St. Petersburg.

Raws li ib qho chaw rau tej ntawd nyob hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub fortress thiab lub nroog

Thaum pib ntawm lub XVIII caug xyoo. Cia li xaus lawm tas Northern ua tsov ua rog, uas ntawd kub ntev li 20 xyoo, txom. Txawm hais tias Swedes yeej Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws yuav tsum tau los pab kom lawv txoj haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub loj heev expanses ntawm lub Neva. Huab tais Peter kuv lub ntsiab, tsim nyob rau hauv cov chaw mighty fortress, uas yuav thaiv lub Swedes nkag mus rau Gulf of Finland. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam uas nyob rau hauv lub chaw uas zoo heev, uas tam sim no adorns St. Petersburg, tau ib zaug swamps thiab hla tsis quagmire.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 18th caug xyoo. tej yam uas twb tau li ntawd. Peter mus cia tus dej cia nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm ib qho chaw uas yuav zoo meej rau cov kev siv ntawm ib tug tub rog outpost. Nws xaiv, nws nres rau ntawm ib tug me me kob, nyob rau hauv lub deepest thiab widest ib feem ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus Neva. Nws yog muaj hais tias yuav tsum loj hlob mus txog Peter thiab Paul Fortress, uas tam sim no prints cov duab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov neeg mus ncig tebchaws ntawv txog St. Petersburg. Thiab ces cov lus dab neeg hais tias qhov no: Peter kuv resolute piav tes piav taw kos bayonet ntawm ib tug tub rog sawv tom ntej no mus, txiav lawv nyob rau hauv peat xim av square, ces hais tias nrees, hais tias lub nroog yuav tsum tau ua ntawm no. Ces tus huab tais hais kom muab nws ib tug yooj yim duav thiab pib khawb ib tug ditch nws. Yog li pib tsim kho ntawm lub fortress nyob ib ncig ntawm uas tom qab loj hlob li ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau zoo nkauj lub zos tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe tab sis ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Incidentally, cov kob hu ua Hare, thiab yog vim li cas nws yog ib lub npe muab, yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no tshooj ntawm peb zaj dabneeg.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub npe ntawm cov kob uas stands lub Peter thiab Paul Fortress nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg

Yog li ntawd peb tau cog lus los qhia txog yog vim li cas lub luav Island yog hu ua li ntawd. Thaum no tus taw tes muaj ntau ntau cov kev xav. Cov neeg nrov zaj dabneeg uas thaum Tsar Petus ko taw nyob rau hauv no kob nyob rau hauv nws plab hlaub mam li nco dheev dhia ib tug me ntsis luav khiav los ntawm cov dej nyab. Sovereign rua credulous tsiaj, thiab ces nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim hu ua Hare Island.

Ib tug neeg hais tias qhov no tsheb tuam ib tug me ntsis txawv: uas Peter Kuv yog npau taws rau cov slowness ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm koom nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, thiab xav rau txim rau lawv. Ntawm no thiab dhia mus rau hauv nws caj npab los ntawm qhov chaw uas undertook lub luav. Nws luag huab tais thiab nws txoj kev chim siab dhau lawm, thiab kev tshwm sim immortalized nyob rau hauv lub title. Peb yuav hais tias qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov earliest legends, uas tau muab rau lub nroog Peter thiab Paul Fortress. Cov tsev khaws puav pheej yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, yuav ua rau ib tug ntau ntawm legends, thiab cov ncig saib ntawm cov hlub rau pamper lawv qhua tourists.

Lwm version yog tsawg romantic, tab sis nws zoo nkaus li ntau plausible: qhov ntev-eared tsiaj thaum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv no kob nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub Neva nyob los ntawm cov txhiab, yog li lub Finns thaum ub hu ua nws "Jänissaari", uas yog txhais ua Lavxias teb sab li "luav Island".

Plan lug thiab vaj tse nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws

Peter thiab Paul Fortress nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1703, nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis. Nws txoj kev npaj kos nws tus kheej huab tais Peter lub Great, uas muaj, raws li peb paub, ib tug broad paub txog ntau yam teb ntawm science thiab engineering. Nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj, lub fortress yog ib qho lus hexagon, lub ces kaum uas nti tawm tiv thaiv lub 6 haib bastions. Tsib ntawm lawv muaj npe nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub ze tshaj associates ntawm Lavxias teb sab Tsar: "Naryshkin bastion", "Menshikov", "Golovkin," "Trubetskoy", "Zotov", zoo, lub thib rau yog hu ua tus "Sovereign". Bastions ntawm lub fortress muaj ib tug pentagonal zoo. Thawb rau pem hauv ntej, lawv yog cov thawj coj hauv lub Brunt ntawm tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nres. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob rooj vag ntawm lub fortress cover tiv thaiv - ravelins.

Rau sab qaum teb citadel muab zais muaj ntau lub tsev ua nyob rau hauv txawv xyoo. Nyob rau hauv lub center yog tus naas ej Peter thiab Paul Cathedral. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws - lub Commandant lub tsev, qhov chaw uas nws nyob rau hauv lub commandant ntawm lub fortress. Nyob rau sab ntawm lub ntsiab avenue situated Engineering ua lag ua luam lub tsev (1749) thiab artillery arsenal (1801). Nyob rau hauv lub heev rov qab ntawm lub square sawv ib tug ob-storey tsev, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog dawb txhua. Qhov no sentry guardhouse.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub avenue, qhua yuav saib tau lub monumental tsev - lub Mint (1800-ies.). Muaj minted npib, puav pheej kas thiab medals. Thiab Petus thiab Povlauj Fortress nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, yog lub repository ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawm lub nkoj ntawm Peter kuv, qhov twg ntawm huab tais tau ua luam dej raws li ib tug me nyuam. Rau nws, nws twb ua ib tug tshwj xeeb tsev - Botnia tsev. Chiv, nyob rau hauv lub fortress ntawm tus huab tais khaws cia tus thawj hiav txwv txog ntsha, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1940 nws raug coj mus rau lub Central Naval tsev cia puav pheej North ntawm lub capital, qhov twg nws tseem niaj hnub no.

Cathedral ntawm St. Peter thiab Paul

Txhua neeg mus ncig tebchaws, uas nyob ntawm lub fortress, yeej ib txwm nyhav mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj, uas sawv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws cheeb tsam. Tseem, tom qab tag nrho cov muaj yog ib yam dab tsi rau saib! Foundation ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj twb pw nyob rau hauv 1712 nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm D. Trezzini. Tag nrho cov kev tsim kho lub sij hawm ntawm yuav luag 20 xyoo. Lub ntsiab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub Cathedral - ib tug zoo kawg li gilded carved iconostasis. Rich kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, muaj kuj yog "muaj koob muaj npe qhov chaw" - yog ib tug tshwj xeeb platform qhov twg ntawm huab tais yog thaum lub sij hawm ib tug lub tsev teev ntuj kev pab cuam.

Peter thiab Paul Fortress nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg thiab nws lub tsev teev ntuj yog lub qhov ntxa ntawm imperial ntshav. Gallery txuas ST. Peter thiab Paul los ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Royal Burial Vault. Nws nyob lub xeem qhov chaw nkaum ntawm ntau ntawm cov poj princes ntawm lub tsev ntawm Romanov. Yog, thiab Peter kuv twb faus no. Thaum lub qhov ntxa no kuj decorated muaj ib tug zoo nkauj iconostasis, tab sis hmoov tsis, nws thiab ntau ntau lwm yam nplua nuj ntsiab ntawm lub sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj tau ploj mus lawm los yog puas lawm thaum lub sij hawm lub siege ntawm Leningrad.

Cathedral tswb pej thuam

Rau yav dhau los peb centuries sawv tau hais khov kho saum toj no rau hauv lub nroog tswb pej thuam ntawm tus Cathedral ntawm St. Peter thiab Paul, cov Thwj Tim. Qhov no yog dab tsi sawv tawm raws li cov Peter thiab Paul Fortress. Tau txais mus rau hauv lub Hare Island? Tourists yeej tsis muaj qhov no ntau npaum li cas cov teeb meem. Thiab koj paub yog vim li cas? Yog, vim hais tias yog ib tug neeg nyob rau qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog, nws yuav pom los ntawm qhov txhia chaw golden tus kub tse ntawm lub tswb pej thuam ntawm tus Cathedral nrog tus neeg saib xyuas tim tswv ntawm lub heev sab saum toj. Lub qhov siab ntawm cov tswb pej thuam yog 122,5 m, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov kub tse - 40 meters wingspan tubtxib saum ntuj daim duab - .. 3.8 m nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, rau gild tus kub tse ntawm lub Peter thiab Paul Fortress, coj yuav luag 8 kg ntawm dawb huv kub.

Los ntawm txoj kev, lub citadel ntawm qhov kev siv tau pib nrog tsim kho ntawm lub tswb pej thuam nws tus kheej. Peter kuv muab nws ib tug tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb. Kom txog rau thaum nyuam qhuav, nws yog tus siab tshaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev St. Petersburg.

Txoj hmoo ntawm lub fortress

Txoj hmoo ntawm no fortification yog txawv txawv. Ua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau los mus tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm cov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, qhov no citadel yog yeej tsis muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua. Lub tsuas txhaj tshuaj uas tau puas tau ua los ntawm nws ib ncig, nws volleys ntawm cannon, mounted nyob ze ntawm lub Naryshkin bastion, txhua txhua hnub heralds li qhov tshwm sim ntawm nrab hnub nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg). Peter thiab Paul Fortress thiab attractions nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws yog cov kev cai thiab keeb kwm cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tag nrho cov zog ntawm Guj kuj.

casemates Peter thiab Paul

Nws thiaj li tau tshwm sim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub Peter thiab Paul fortress tau txais lub npe Lavxias teb sab Bastille. Rau ntau xyoo muaj twb muaj nyob rau hauv txim tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb lub xeev criminals. Ib tug ntawm cov thawj uas tau raug kaw nyob rau hauv ib tug grim tsev rau txim Trubetskoy bastion, yog Tsarevich Alexei - tub uas huab tais Peter I. Nyob rau hauv sib txawv xyoo nyob rau hauv lub dungeons ntawm Peter thiab Paul tau pab tsev rau txim ua ke xws tib neeg nto moo raws li tus kws uas sau IB Radishchev, NYOB RAU HAUV Nikitin, kws kes duab vajtse PM Eropkin historian VN Tatishchev. Lub txaus ntshai muaj tiag yog tias nyob rau hauv lub fortress ua txawm executions.

Nyob rau hauv 1826, nyob rau hauv lub fortress tau tua tsib Decembrists Pestel Ryleev, ntsaum-Apostol, Bestuzhev-Ryumin thiab Kakhovka. Ib zaug hauv lub Lavxias teb sab kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig, uas yog lub epicenter ntawm Petersburg, lub Peter thiab Paul fortress yuav rov hais dua cov kev tu siab txoj hmoo ntawm cov Bastille - nws xav ua kom puas hauv lub hauv paus. Tab sis, qhov zoo ces rau peb, cov Bolsheviks xav zoo ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, thiab lub ntsiab attraction ntawm sab qaum teb capital tseem sawv nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti dungeons ntawm lub fortress maj mam Strolling tourists, mloog cov dab neeg ntawm cov txog cov ntshav yav tag los uas yog nco txog phab ntsa ntawm lub qub tsev lojcuj.

tsev cia puav pheej miv

Peter thiab Paul Fortress, lub tsev cia puav pheej muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm nthuav excursions, cov uas yog cov nram qab no:

- Sightseeing.

- Ncig saib ntawm lub Commandant lub tsev exhibition.

- "Petersburg-Petrograd, 1703-1918 gg.".

- "Peb centuries ntawm lub nroog" (ncig ntawm lub tswb pej thuam ntawm Peter thiab Paul Cathedral).

- "Txoj kev lub sij hawm" (Engineering tsev).

- Exhibition "Neva kab hlau rhuav" (lub keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev fuabtais thiab lub tsev teev ntuj).

- "Panopticon" (teev los ntawm cov Kunstkammer).

Guests yuav kuj yuav nthuav kom mus nyob ib leeg rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub fortress, yuav tsum tau yees duab tom ntej no mus rau lub npe nrov pej thuam ntawm Peter kuv los Mikhail Shemyakin, uas yog nto moo rau Peter thiab Paul Fortress. Duab ntawm lub bronze pej thuam koj yuav saib tau hauv qab no.

Txhua neeg mus ncig tebchaws yuav tsum pom tus ntxiv ntawm cov luav, uas tshuav nqi nws lub npe mus luav Island. tsiaj duab puab yog nyob ze ntawm lub St. John choj.

Yuav ua li cas tau mus rau lub fortress

Ntawm cov tourists heev nrov yog cov tseem khiav, uas muaj xws li ib tug mus ntsib mus rau ib tug kwv xws li Peter thiab Paul Fortress. Yuav ua li cas mus txog tod, peb yuav tam sim no piav qhia. Qhov yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav tau mus rau lub xov chaw nres tsheb "Gorky", thiab ces mus los ntawm lub tiaj ua si rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej complex. Rooj vag qhib rau tourists txhua txhua hnub los ntawm 8.30 mus 21,00, thiab mus nyob rau hauv muaj, yog tsis yuav tsum tau mus ua tej yam kev them nyiaj. Thiab tam sim no rau cov uas mus saib lub tsev cia puav pheej miv, ua hauj lwm hauv lub fortress, yuav tau them. Daim pib nqi heev tsim nyog, rau pensioners thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv muab nyiaj cheb. Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub fortress yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, yog li ntawd yog koj xav paub kom paub meej txog qhov no nthuav kev kawm, ces koj yuav mus rau tej kev pab, qhia txog cov attractions ntawm St. Petersburg, thiab muaj mus nrhiav rau cov ntaub ntawv.