Peter Klypa: biography. Zigzags hmoo Petra Klypy

Txawm tias txij li thaum pib ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog lawm ntau tshaj li 75 xyoo, thiab mus hnub no nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no hwm lub cim xeeb ntawm cov heroes uas bravely embarked rau lub sim tawm tsam fascism thiab rua lub ntiaj teb no los ntawm kev siab phem. Cov neeg uas nws cov feat yuav mus ib txhis nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv qhov puas ntawm cov neeg nyob ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw lub defenders ntawm lub Brest Fortress, uas coj thawj yeeb ncuab nres.

Nrog rau cov laus citadel khaws cia kiag li tseem hluas patriots. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog Peter Klypa, tus raug ntawm no tsab xov xwm.

Lub neej ua ntej tsov rog

Cov tub hluas ntxhais hero ntawm tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub Brest Fortress - Petr Sergeevich Klypa - yug nyob rau hauv 1926 nyob rau hauv Bryansk nyob rau hauv ib tug ua hauj lwm hauv chav kawm ntawv tsev neeg ntawm cov railway. Nws txiv tuag thaum tus tub hluas yog tseem heev yam khoom noj. Care ntawm tus kwv yau coj tshaj Nikolay Klypa. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nws twb commander muzvzvoda 333rd infantry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev. Nyob rau hauv 11 xyoo, Peter twb cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv tib lub division li cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1939, lub tso kom muaj kab muaj kev coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub Red Army peb hlis ntuj mus rau hauv Western Belorussia, thiab ces muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv lub Brest Fortress.

Cov tub rog thaum yau

Peter Klypa nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov, lawv yuav ua zoo li cov kwv tij, yog li ntawm ib tug hluas hnub nyoog ua npau suav ntawm ib tug tub rog ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb no ciali mus nws npub yi hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab nws xav nws rehearsal nyob rau hauv muzvzvode thiab xyaum. Zoo li tag nrho cov tub hluas, Peter hlub los lo ib ncig thiab saib lub neej ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais, ces nws twb paub rau nws txhua lub ces kaum.

Lub rau hli ntuj 21, 1941

Txawm tias tij laug raws li nws ua, muab kev kho mob ntawm Peter, nws chaw ua hauj lwm yog tsis pub kom tus tub hluas nyob rau hauv kom tswj. Lub rau hli ntuj 21 tus hluas tus menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm muzvzvoda tiag txhaum. Nws dim hauv lub fortress mus rau lub nroog los hloov rau cov neeg laus musicians ntawm lub orchestra, uas yog mus muab cov suab paj nruas accompaniment ntaus pob ncaws pob txheej xwm.

Nws tsis tuaj kawm ntawv yog pom thiab, thaum nws rov qab mus rau nws lub tsev, lub npau taws tus tij laug commander qhia Peter, ordering kawm raj los ntawm cov opera Bizet lub "Carmen".

Thaum lwm cov tub rog saib zaj duab xis kev sib kho nyob rau lub qws fortress, Klypa twb yuam kom koom rau hauv ib qho nyuaj music. Tom qab nws tau ntsib nrog rau lwm tus hluas fighter muzvzvoda - Koley Novikovym, uas nyob rau lub sij hawm uas yog 12 xyoo. Cov phooj ywg tau pom zoo rau elope nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov mus nuv ntses.

Thawj hnub ntawm tsov rog

Lub rau hli ntuj 22 Peter Klypa sawv los ntawm lub suab nrov ntawm cov tawg. Nyob ib ncig ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub Dilapidated barracks raug tua thiab raug mob. Nws tsis tau to taub hais tias lub kev txhab thiab, txawm hais tias nws muaj tus mob throbbing lub taub hau, tsawv nkaus ib tug neeg lub phom loj thiab npaj mus ua tsov rog nrog cov laus tus khub.

Txij li thaum vaj tse hauv lub fortress nyob ntawm ib tug txiav txim deb ntawm txhua lwm yam, thiab tus yeeb ncuab tawm tsam nyob rau hauv ob peb lub chaw, muaj ob peb tug twb kws muaj txuj ci. Raws li nws ua qhov tseeb tom qab tsov rog, los ntawm thaum sawv ntxov ntawm citadel coj ob peb units nrog ib tug tag nrho ntawm 6,000 pab tub rog. Qhov seem cov tub rog (9,000 cov txiv neej thiab tub ceev xwm) txuas ntxiv mus sib ntaus sib tua, tuav loj yeeb ncuab rog, xa mus rau lub sab hauv ntawm lub teb chaws.

Pib lub tiv thaiv ntawm lub fortress

Cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv tsov rog (raws li nyob rau hauv lub fortress tsuas yog Peter thiab Kolya Novikov muaj ib tug ob peb ntau cov menyuam kawm ntawv muzvzvoda thiab txog ob lub kaum os tub ceev xwm synishek thiab cov ntxhais) - yog ib yam dab tsi uas yuav tsis tau tso cai. Txawm li cas los, tsis muaj tau npaj lawv cov kev khiav tawm yog tsis tau, thiab cov laus hais mav twb sim dua lawv ua, pab cov neeg laus. Lawv penetrated rau hauv qhov chaw tsis yooj yim rau lwm tus neeg tua hluav taws, thiab nqa tawm ntau yam kev txiav txim ntawm commanders.

Rau cov tiv thaiv ntawm lub Brest Fortress tsiv rov qab Klypa pheej ua raws li ib tug neeg nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub disparate qhov chaw ntawm lub garrison thiab pom cov kev uas tus yeeb ncuab.

Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub thib ob hnub tom qab tus quab yuam cov me nyuam - tsov rog heroes - Peter Klypa thiab Kolya Novikov - peb pom lub mos txwv depot. Lawv qhia nws mus rau lub commander. lub defenders enthusiastically tau txais cov xov xwm uas tus tub hluas nyob thawv mos txwv, txij li thaum cov neeg munitions tau tso cai rau lawv mus ntxiv cov kuj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab kom txog rau thaum lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm lawv tus kheej. Niaj hnub no peb paub tias kev pab lub defenders ntawm Brest yog tsis pom qhov twg tos, tab sis, ces cov tub rog thiab commanders nyob rau hauv lub besieged citadel, tsis tau paub txog nws, thiab xav hais tias yog tus neeg ntawm ib tug haib thiab zoo-kawm ua phem lub lag luam.

ntxiv feats

Hluas hero xav ua kom sib ntaus sib tua, txawm hais tias neeg laus cov txiv neej nyuaj rau lawv ua lub siab tawv me nyuam tub. Nws txawm mus rau hauv lub bayonet nres, armed nrog ib rab phom, nrog ib tug warehouse pom.

Qhov twg tsis tau tsuas yog muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau Peter Klypa?! Lub feat ntawm tus tub hluas tauj cov tshuaj, tuav tag nrho cov defenders. Thaum nyob rau hauv ib tug makeshift infirmary twb ntaub nplaum, nws pom nyob rau hauv lub ruins ntawm cov kev kho mob chav tsev ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov ntaub qhwv, thiab luag lawv mus rau lub qab daus, qhov twg raug mob raug nkaum.

Cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv tsov rog raug kev txom nyem los ntawm deprivation, nrog rau cov neeg laus. Cov me nyuam thiab raug mob tau tshwj xeeb yog nyuaj vim hais tias ntawm lub nqhis dej. Txawm hais tias Kab laum tau nyob ib ncig ntawm, tus yeeb ncuab pab tua hluav taws suppressed tag nrho cov me nyuam no yuav xa dej rau cov defenders thiab civilians muaj npaum li cas qhov chaw nkaum nyob rau hauv lub chaw tiv thaiv uas tseem muaj los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub Red Army. Xav ua kom tau Petya Klypa, uas nws biography tom qab tsov rog, yog raws li nram no, pheej ua forays thiab xa rov qab nrog ib tug tag nrho cov thawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub ruins ntawm tus npliag zoo li pom cov me nyuam tub cov khoom, thiab ib zaug nws txawm tau txais los ntawm lub khw muag khoom thiab tau txais tuav ntawm muaj Voyentorg yob cov ntaub ntawv uas. Nws yog heev xav tau rau cov poj niam thiab cov me nyuam, uas nyob rau hauv thawj feeb ntawm qhov ntxeem tau ntawm lub Nazis rau ib ncig ntawm lub USSR yog tseem pw tsaug zog thiab khiav tawm ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv nws lub ris tsho hauv qab.

txhob

Thaum lub commanders uas coj tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub Brest fortress, pom tau hais tias qhov teeb meem no yog tsis cia siab, lawv kom tus poj niam thiab cov me nyuam mus surrender, raws li lawv vam li no rau txuag lawv lub neej. Cov tub rog sim kom koj yaum tau Peter thiab lwm yam cov tub hluas los mus dhau lub fortress ua ke nrog civilians, tab sis tus tub hluas muaj kev ntxhov siab, nws thiaj li xam tau tias yog nws tus kheej ib tug fighter ntawm lub Red Army.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub Xya hli ntuj, nws tau los ua tseeb hais tias cov cartridges yuav sai sai no yuav tshaj, thiab ua rau cov kev txiav txim siab mus sim mus ua txhaum los ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm cov kob thiab ua kom tau mus rau lub tuaj txog pem ntwg Brest.

Nqa tawm nws lub tswv yim tsis tau tejyam. Ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm cov tub rog tuag, tab sis Petr Sergeevich Klypa, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog nyob rau hauv thiab 12 xyoo, yog cov ob peb uas muaj kev tswj kom mus txog rau outskirts ntawm lub nroog. Txawm li cas los, nws, nrog rau ob peb cov phooj ywg, raug ntes thiab tsav mus rau hauv Nazis kem pow.

Nyob rau hauv lub concentration camp

Thaum lub convoy hla tus kab, mus rau nws lub tsheb tsav tsheb mus nrog German cinematographer tua newsreel ua kom pom nyob rau hauv Berlin. Lawv twb yees duab dai lawv yuav cov tub rog thiab mam li nco dheev pom tus me nyuam tub nyob rau hauv niaj hnub, uas tuav lawv fists. Lawv nrhiav tau lub irrepressible Peter Klypa. Tswv thiab tus tiv thaiv yeej tus me nyuam rau txoj kev tuag, thiab tus so ntawm txoj kev mus rau ib tug concentration camp nyob rau hauv lub Polish nroog ntawm Biala Podlaska neeg raug kaw nqa nws nyob rau hauv nws caj npab. Thaum tuaj txog Peter Klypa tau ntsib Kolya Novikov. Muaj lwm yam cov me nyuam - lub heroes ntawm tsov rog ntawm lub Brest Fortress.

Kev khiav thiab xa mus lub teb chaws Yelemees

Cov tub hluas ntawm muzvzvoda yuav mus ntxiv rau hauv lub sib ntaus. Tsis ntev lawv dim, nyob rau hauv Brest hais mav kawm tau hais tias cov pem hauv ntej tau ploj mus nyob deb heev lawm. Ntawm tag nrho cov tub kawm ntawv uas muzvzvodov ua ke nrog Peter pom zoo nka mus txog rau pem hauv ntej xwb Volodya Kazmin. Lawv muaj kev tswj kom dhau ob peb puas kilometers, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov Belarusian zos ntawd yog tej policemen, koom nyob rau hauv xa Soviet cov hluas mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Yog li ntawd Petr Sergeevich Klypa ntaus lub zos Gogenbah hauv ib ncig ntawm Alsace, qhov uas nws los ua lwj nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj nyiaj ua liaj ua teb tsev neeg Kotselya Friedrich, uas twb muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm cawu cub.

Tom qab lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm cov Americans

Peter, nrog rau lwm cov tub ntxhais, muaj neeg nyiag los ntawm lub Soviet Union, twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1945 los ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas. Lawv pib mus txeeb tus nqi thiab cov cawv txiv hmab los ntawm cov Germans. Klypa tsom lawv nyob qhov twg mus nkaum cawu cub ntawm nws tus tswv, thiab ces nyob tawm thiab qhia rau lub tsev hauv paus ntawm lub US Army Tank qhov chaw ntawm ib tug German tub ceev xwm, leej twg nkaum Friedrich. Americans tau muab Peter ib phom loj thiab xa mus rau ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tub rog mus ntes Fritz. Ces lawv pib muab nws cov lus qhia mus nrhiav qhov twg nyob rau hauv lub nroog nyob mej zeej ntawm lub NSDAP. Nws twb tom qab interrogated nyob rau hauv lub USSR muaj Peter nws tus kheej, ib tug nqi zog rau kev koom tes nrog cov phoojywg, nws tsis tau, tab sis nws nkag nrog cov zaub mov thiab luam yeeb, thiab txawm hais ib tug qij tes. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Klypa tau hais kom tsiv mus nyob rau Teb Chaws Asmeskas, tab sis nws tsis kam, hnov ib lub siab xav rov qab mus tsev.

Koj ua txhaum thiab Brest Hero

Zigzags hmoo Petra Klypy yuav shock leej twg. Ob peb paub tias ib tug neeg ua ib tug ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas feats, muab nws rau ib tug par nrog ntau tus neeg laus WWII heroes, tom qab tsov rog, twb txim ntawm "criminal" tsab xov xwm.

Rov qab nyob rau hauv Bryansk, Peter tau ntsib ib tug qub classmate Levu Stotika thiab lawv los ua ke. Tsis ntev nws muab tawm hais tias nws tseem yog menyuam yaus tus phooj ywg yog ib tug neeg soj xyuas. Nws yuav khau nyob rau hauv lub tog capital thiab resold nyob rau hauv cov neeg Bryansk. Tej yam ua yog xam tau tias yog txhaum cai thiab lub txim raug kaw. Peter Klypa hlub uas muaj feem yuav thiab paub tias muaj neeg ua phem thiab vim hais tias tsis muaj leej twg nyob ib ncig ntawm tsis xav txog nws ib tug hero, tab sis lub heroism ntawm lub defenders ntawm lub Brest Fortress tsis muaj leej twg paub dab tsi.

Nws pib mus "rau hauv lub davhlau" nrog Stotikom thiab tau txais ib feem ntawm cov profits. Thaum Loew gambled ntawm phaib, thiab lawv txiav txim siab rov qab mus rau tus nqi ntawm zuj passer-by, uas muaj ib tug tuab lub hnab nyiaj. Loew floated ib rab phom thiab tua ib tug neeg txawv, thiab coj nrog nws tag nrho cov qhov tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv 1949, kawm txoj moo zoo soj qab qhov kev ua txhaum, mus rau Klypa thiab puas tau raug ntes rau nws raws li lub accomplice ntawm lub bandit.

txim

post-tsov rog cai twb hnyav. Kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ib tug armed tub sab thiab speculation Petr Klypa twb raug txim mus rau 25 xyoos nyob rau hauv lub camps. Kev txaj muag, rhuav lub 26-xyoo-laus hero ntawm nag hmo lub tiv thaiv ntawm lub Brest Fortress. Nyob rau hauv lub Magadan Camp, Peter txawm ua ib qho los ua yus tua yus. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, thaum cov neeg raug kaw sab laug lub tsev, nws nteg rau hauv av, hoping kom khov rau txoj kev tuag. Txawm li cas los, tus tiv thaiv pom cov tsis muaj ib yam ntawm nws players, thiab xav hais tias nws tau dim, thiab mus nrhiav nws. Tsis ntev Peter twb pom thiab nws raug coj mus rau lub infirmary, qhov uas nws amputated ib tug ob peb frostbitten cov ntiv taw.

Sergey Smirnov cov phau ntawv

Tej zaum vim Petus yuav tau siv feem ntau ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj, yog hais tias tsis "Brest Fortress". Sergei Smirnov phau ntawv qhib rau cov pej xeem hauv lub USSR tseeb txog cov txheej xwm uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj lub sij hawm thiab hnub tom qab tsov rog pib. Los ntawm nws, tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg tau kawm tau hais tias Peter Klypa - pioneer-hero, uas ua ntau yam zoo kawg feats.

Thaum tsim "Brest Fortress" (phau ntawv), tus sau tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Bryansk thiab pib mus nrhiav cov hluas nrog rau lub citadel. Muaj nws kawm tragic zaj dab neeg ntawm Peter thiab ua txhua yam mus tau commutation.

free

Nyob rau hauv 1956, tom qab pab 7 xyoo nyob rau hauv tsev rau txim camps, Peter Klypa rov qab mus rau lub Bryansk thiab coj ib tug Hoobkas neeg ua hauj lwm. Tsis ntev nws yuav, nws muaj me nyuam.

Tsaug rau cov phau ntawv Smirnova, nws los ua ib tug celebrity, thiab nws yog feem ntau raug caw mus rau lub koob tsheej.

Txawm tias txoj kev ntseeg, Petra Klypu txawm muab tsub qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm cov thawj degree.

Tests tej thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog thaum yau nyob rau hauv German kev poob cev qhev thiab nyob rau hauv lub Magadan camp, yuav tsis tab sis cuam tshuam rau lub noj qab haus huv ntawm tus hero, thiab nws tuag nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 57 xyoo. Yog li ntawd tas lub neej ntawm ib tug uas rau ntau tus neeg nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union hu ua tus tho kev hero Peter Klypa.

"Brest Fortress" (tus yeeb yam)

Peter Klypa los ua tus tsab ntawm tus hero ntawm cov duab qhia los ntawm Aleksandra Kotta "Brest Fortress", cia nyob rau hauv 2010.

Cov zaj dab neeg nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yam yog sawv cev ntawm Sasha Akimova, uas yog ib tug kawm tiav los ntawm ib tug screenplay muzvzvoda 333rd infantry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev. Nws txoj hauj lwm twb ua si los ntawm Alexei Kopashov, uas thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub shooting yog 14 xyoo thiab nws yog twb 2 xyoo nws kawm nyob rau Moscow Cadet MVD vaj tse nyob. Ua txoj hauj lwm tub hluas tau txais ntau accolades los ntawm ob critics thiab cov neeg tuaj saib. Suffice nws hais tias nws txawm yog nominated rau tus puav pheej "Nika" rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws debut ntawm 2011. Tom qab cov zaj duab xis, Aleksey Kopashov muab ib txoj hauj lwm ua tub rog los yog tub ceev xwm, thiab hnub no yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm VGIK.

Premiere "Brest Fortress" coj qhov chaw raws nraim 69 xyoo tom qab cov txheej xwm qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab - Lub rau hli ntuj 22, 2010 - nyob rau hauv Brest, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub memorial complex, nyob rau hauv Terespol rooj vag. Thaum kawm tiav ntawm filming ntawm daim duab ntau khoom, nrog rau lub raj ntawm lub protagonist, ib tsab ntawm uas yog Peter Klypa, twb pauv mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub Brest Fortress.

Hluas hero Petr Kotelnikov

Los ntawm txoj kev, yog ib tus thawj zaj duab xis ntsia tsuas yog ib seem thaum lub sij hawm ntawm nyob defenders ntawm lub Brest Fortress. Petr Kotelnikov yug nyob rau hauv 1929 thiab, zoo li nws namesake, thiab ib tug me nyuam tseem yau phooj ywg, yog ib tug thwj tim ntawm muzvzvoda, tab sis lwm yam, 44th tso kom muaj kab muaj kev. Nyob rau hauv thawj hnub tiv thaiv fortress me nyuam tub raug tua nyob rau hauv lub taub hau, tab sis txuas ntxiv rau pab senior khub. Cov tib yav tsaus ntuj, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub barracks ntawm tso kom muaj kab muaj kev 333, qhov chaw uas lub Peter Klypa Volodya Kazmin Volodya Izmaylov thiab Kolya Novikov, uas kuj cov menyuam kawm ntawv muzvzvodov Brest Fortress.

Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib tham, Peter Kotelnikov hais reporters li nkag nws txoj kev mus deb barracks, sau cartridges nyob rau hauv lub hnab los ntawm cov daim npog qhov ncauj thiab coj qhov hluav taws kub rov qab fighters. Ua ke nrog nws cov phooj ywg nws feem ntau taug kev nyob rau hauv thiab coj mus rau tim ntug Kab laum raug mob thiab cov me nyuam dej. Nws yog ib tug tiag tiag txoj kev cawm seej. Qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv ib zoo, uas cov defenders yuav khawb nyob rau hauv lub qab daus ntawm lub barracks, cov dej yog tov nrog roj thiab kiag li unfit rau noj.

Nws yog los ntawm Petra Kotelnikova tau txais cov lus qhia txog yuav ua li cas cov me nyuam yog cov heroes ntawm Brest dim los ntawm ib tug concentration camp. Raws li cov qub tub rog, lawv yog heev muaj hmoo. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum hnub ntawm tus nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland lawv tsav tsheb mus Brest. Thaum cov neeg raug kaw tau coj tawm mus taug kev, cov neeg nyob coj lawv cov zaub mov thiab khaub ncaws. Muaj ib hnub tus tus ceev xwm, uas sau tseg nyob rau hauv cov tub rog ntawm ob peb cov tub hluas nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov khaub ncaws, nws hais kom lawv ua li cas lawv twb raug kaw. Hais mav hais tias yog los ntawm kev huam yuaj thaum tab tom nrhiav rau cov txheeb ze ntawm cov neeg raug kaw thiab xav kom muab lawv khob cij. Cov tub ceev xwm yeej tsis xav kom mess nrog cov hluas thiab kom lawv tsav tsheb tawm ntawm lub qhov rooj. Petr Kotelnikov tos rau lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm Soviet pab tub rog, thiab tom qab cov zaj ntawm cov tub rog kev pab thiab los ua ib tug tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv lub Soviet pab tub rog tau muab 30 xyoo ntawm nws lub neej.

Tam sim no koj paub leej twg no Peter Klypa. War - tsis rau cov me nyuam. Txawm li cas los, thaum lub sij hawm muaj mob loj tej kev txom nyem nyiaj dhau los los ntawm lub Soviet neeg qhia nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub 1940s, txawm lub tseem hluas heev cov tub hluas thiab cov ntxhais tsom txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm lub siab tawv, nqa ntev-awaited yeej.