Nws yog xim hlau ci leej faj: Yog muaj? Lub cev thiab tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm cov leej faj

Sulfur yog lub 10 feem ntau lub caij nyob rau hauv lub ntug. Nws yog ntxhiab, nws yog cov mov, yas khoom kaj daj. Qhov no reactive caij, uas nyob rau hauv dej siab tej yam kev mob, nrog rau tag nrho cov lwm yam hais, tshwj tsis yog rau roj, kub thiab kub dawb. Nws yog xim hlau ci leej faj tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib co cov leej faj tebchaw tab sis tsis nyob hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv. Sulfur tshwm nyob rau hauv ntau yam allotropic hloov, txhua tus uas txawv nyob rau hauv solubility, kev nqus, tus siv lead ua kev kho thiab lwm yam kev constants. Thaum raug rau dawb huv oxygen, combustion tshwm sim xiav xim txoj kev ib tug leej faj oxide.

Puas muaj ib tug nws yog xim hlau sheen rau cov leej faj?

Gloss - yog lub peev xwm ntawm ib yam khoom uas muaj kev cuam tshuam lub sab ntawm lub teeb. Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse yog ncaj qha nyob rau cov kev tshuaj bonds nyob rau hauv cov mineral, nws zoo thiab daim ntawv. Nws yog xim hlau ci leej faj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws pom ntawm kuj freshly cleaved nto ntawm ib tug tshem me me, uas nws nkag mus rau. Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv uas ntuj leej faj zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug yellowish hmoov. Thaum nws yog ib feem ntawm lub sulfides thiab sulfates, tau tsim ib plurality cov zaub mov, ib co kev uas yog tseem ceeb ores thiab ib qhov chaw rau cov nonferrous hlau. Cov hlau sulfides yog leej faj gloss - pyrite, stibnite, galena, chalcocite, chalcopyrite.

lus qhia dav dav

Sulfur belongs rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm chalcogen hais, qhov twg tus neeg muaj oxygen, selenium, tellurium thiab polonium. Lub sij hawm "chalcogen" yog muab tau los ntawm ob Greek lus lub ntsiab lus "ore-txoj kev ua." Ore yog ib tug natural mineral uas yog siv raws li ib qhov chaw rau lub caij. Muaj ntau ores yog hlau tebchaw los yog hlau thiab oxygen, thiab leej faj. Tebchaw muaj tsawg kawg yog ob lub ntsiab, yog ib tus uas yog cov leej faj, hu ua sulfides. Piv txwv li, pyrite - ib tug mineral uas muaj ib tug zoo nkauj golden xim thiab nws yog xim hlau ci, yog hlau sulfide. Nws kuj hu ua "ruam kub." Lub cev thiab tshuaj cov yam ntxwv thaj chaw ntawm cov leej faj tau paub txij li thaum antiquity. Feem ntau nws yog ib tug ci ntsa iab daj hmoov. Thaum nws Burns, nws ua ib tug ntshiab xiav nplaim taws thiab ib tug heev muaj zog suffocating tsw.

Sulfur: lub cev thiab tshuaj zog

Lub cev thaj chaw ntawm cov leej faj yog cov yam ntxwv uas yuav tsum tau cai los ntawm qhov txhia. Cov no muaj xws xim, ci, cia kom khov kub, melting thiab kub cov ntsiab lus, ceev, hardness thiab tsw. Yuav ua li cas yog lub cev yam ntxwv thaj chaw ntawm cov leej faj? Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw muaj ib tug daj ntseg daj xim, cov mov thiab ntxhiab, soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Nws yog ib tug neeg txom nyem neeg xyuas pib ntawm tshav kub thiab hluav taws xob. Nws yog xim hlau ci leej faj yuav tsum tau cai xwb nyob rau hauv cov kev sib txuas. Lub ib kub npau npau taw tes ntawm 444,6 ° C. Thaum melting, cov leej faj yog hloov dua siab tshiab mus rau ib tug daj kua kua uas tau txais ib tug brownish Hawj txawm thiab yuav tsaus ntuj nti xim av khov loj ntawm ib tug kub ntawm txog 190 ° C. Viscosity txo nrog ua degree (tshaj 190 ° C) thiab nyob 300 ° C dua yuav kua sulfur.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm cov leej faj?

Qhov no yam ntxwv uas txiav txim yuav ua li cas nws yuav hnov mob nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj, los yog thaum lub sij hawm kev hloov los ntawm ib tug compound mus rau lwm lub. Cov zoo dua peb paub qhov xwm ntawm cov teeb meem no, qhov zoo peb yuav tau to taub nws. Tshuaj zog yuav tsuas yuav pom thaum lub sij hawm ib tug tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv combustion, rusting, cua sov, blasting, fogged, thiab hais txog. Paub tebchaw uas muaj cov leej faj: sodium sulfite, hydrogen sulfide (lom roj uas tsis hnov tus ntxhiab li lwj qe) thiab sulfuric acid. Reactivity yog heev siab heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ntau dua kub. Rhuab, nws reacts nrog co tsim lub sib nug xov sulfides.

Tus foundations ntawm ib tug heev tseem ceeb

Lub npe ntawm lub caij yog pom txawm nyob rau hauv lub biblical vaj lug kub nyob rau hauv piav txog lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub ob lub zos Xaudoos thiab Kaumaulas, thaum lawv khiav ceev cia los ntawm saum ntuj ceeb tsheej hluav taws thiab leej faj. Ancient Greek philosophers ntseeg hais tias txhua yam yog ua los ntawm plaub hais: lub ntiaj teb, hluav taws kub, dej thiab huab cua. Txawm li cas los, muaj cov neeg uas tau hu ua tsuas yog ob tug hais: leej faj thiab mercury. Early xav tau feem ntau tsis meej pem li cas lawv meant los ntawm lo lus "leej faj". Rau lawv nws yog ib tug teeb meem uas tau hlawv zoo thiab exuded ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov pa luam yeeb. Nws coj centuries rau zaum kom paub tias cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw ua ib qho kev caij. Sulfur tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob allotropic ntaub ntawv (alpha thiab beta ntaub ntawv), nrog rau sib txawv lub cev thiab tshuaj zog. leej faj Gloss yog ib tug zoo cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb flux reflecting mineral muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob rau hauv uas nws muaj. Part opaque minerals muaj lub peev xwm los xav muaj kev cuam tshuam lub teeb thiab muaj ib txog kev nws yog xim hlau ci.

Tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xwm

Thaum lub sij hawm, cov leej faj deposits muaj nyob rau hauv tus nto khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Lawv muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau yooj yim thiab siv los ntawm cov neeg. Niaj hnub no deal nrog qhov no yog yam nyuab dua, raws li yog tam sim no qhov chaw ntawm tej yam ntuj tso leej faj ore muaj nyob rau hauv ze sib thooj mus volcanoes. Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog tso tawm los ntawm lub Craters nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov roj uas nyob hauv ib tug lub rooj sib tham nrog cov cua txias solidifies tsim ib tug zoo nkauj daj deposits raws tus ntug ntawm lub roob hluav taws. Loj reserves tseem muaj underground keeb kwm. Sulfur yog tseem pom nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb minerals: barite (barium sulfate), Celestine (strontium sulphate), cinnabar (mercury sulphide), galena (lead sulfide), pyrite (hlau sulfide), sphalerite (zinc sulphide) thiab stibnite (antimony sulfide).

leej faj isotopes

Muaj plaub lawm tab isotope ntawm: leej faj-32, sulfur-33, sulfur-34 los yog leej faj-36, txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam los ntawm lawv cov loj xov tooj. Qhov no yog lub xov tooj ntawm protons thiab neutrons nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm ib tug atom caij. Tus nab npawb ntawm protons lub sij lub caij, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons nyob rau hauv ib tug atom ntawm tej lub caij tej zaum yuav txawv. Tseem muaj rau tej isotopes uas lwj thiab emit ib co daim ntawv ntawm hluav taws xob. Ib tug ntawm lawv - leej faj-35 - yog siv rau lag luam. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, lub isotope siv los kawm txoj kev haus dej kom ntau rau hauv lub cev. Nws kuj muaj daim ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb raws li ib tug qhia tau.

daim ntawv thov

Sulfur kuj me me siv tau raws li ib tug keeb. Cov yam ntxwv zog muaj xws li cov kev coj cwj pwm ntawm cov leej faj thaum lub sij hawm melting.

Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev siv ntawm ib tug kho, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntxiv mus rau lub roj hmab los ua nws nyuaj. Sulfur khaws roj hmab los ntawm melting thaum rhuab. Qhov no discovery los ntawm Charles Goodyear nyob rau hauv 1839, yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj achievements ntawm niaj hnub kev lag luam.

Raws li ib tug insecticide, nws yuav siv tau los tua cov kab. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau ntawm cov koom tes nyob rau hauv ntau yam tebchaw. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm no yog sulfuric acid, feem ntau ntawm uas yog siv los ua chiv.

Thoob plaws siv tau tau kuj nyob rau hauv cov roj kev lag luam, cov siv thiab ua cov ntawv, ua liaj ua teb tshuaj, yas, roj hmab thiab lwm yam khoom cua cov ntaub ntawv. Cov tseem ceeb heev lub caij yog ib feem ntawm ob amino acids, cysteine thiab methionine. Tsaug rau nws cov versatility, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua tshuaj, kev kho mob thiab muaj cov nplais, nyob rau hauv gaseous daim ntawv yam khoom uas yog siv raws li ib tug tshuaj dawb tso tus neeg saib xyuas, cov kuab tshuaj tua kab.