Ntuj pob zeb nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, hais txog lub npe hu deposits thiab lub tsuas txoj kev

Ntuj pob zeb - ib tug ntawm cov thawj siv thiab finishing ntaub ntawv uas cov neeg pib siv txhua yam rau cov ib puag ncig. Dua li ntawm qhov ntev keeb kwm, tej yam ntuj tso pob zeb tsis plam nws qhov tseeb: nws muaj koob meej tsis yog nyob ntawm seb lub sij hawm, lub teb chaws, zam tiam sis. Niaj hnub no, txawm li cas los, thaum ua los hloov dag ntaub ntawv tag nrho ib ncig, rub nws rau lub ntuj cov khoom no yog raws li muaj zog raws li puas tau.

Npaj cov pob zeb - qhov tshwm sim ntawm centuries ntawm zog xwm. Daim duab lub pob zeb tsim los ntawm qhov, uas yog nws. Nyob rau lub ntiaj chaw nrhiav tsis tau ob tug zoo tib thooj check granite, khoom marble, onyx aristocratic. Los ntawm lub sab hauv, ua los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso pob zeb, seb nws yog ib tug marble pej thuam los yog onyx teeb emanates ib tug tshwj xeeb kev ntseeg, kev ntseeg siab, kev sib haum xeeb, thiab yog li ntawd lawv yog heev nrov.

Nyob rau deposits ntawm ntuj pob zeb

Lub ntshiab thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm ntuj pob zeb tsuas niaj hnub no yog Ltalis. Rich deposits ntawm lub teb chaws no tau qhib ntau centuries dhau los, ntsig txog, kev lig kev cai ntawm cov pob zeb ua yog honed rau zoo tag nrho. Roman faj tim teb chaws Majestic tuam tsev ua los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso pob zeb, muaj tej ntau tshaj ib tiam ntawm cov tib neeg nyob rau hauv lub muag daj.

Secrets ntawm pob zeb ua kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv ltalis rau nws los ntawm yawg rau kuv txiv, los ntawm leej txiv tus tub. Nws yog tsis muaj coincidence ib lub npe nrov tshaj Italian paj lug hais tias: "Txhua yam Italian pom tau tias lub pob zeb."

Tsis muaj lub zem lub teb chaws no yog suav tias yog ib hom ntawm "pob zeb-hom": Tsuas lub fact tias granite, travertine los yog onyx ua nyob rau hauv ltalis, muab cov pob zeb ib tug tshwj xeeb attraction, yog lub unconditional kev ntseeg siab. Thiab qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov yog vim li cas yog vim li cas nws yog nyob rau hauv ltalis rau cov kev kho mob ntawm dumped ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm lub ntuj pob zeb, mined nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Lossis loj tog tuaj granite, marble, travertine, onyx, thiab ib tug tswv ntawm painstaking zog tshaj txhua txhua nti ntawm cov khoom, tsim tiag tiag tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab. Cov neeg muas zaub zoo siab nrog soj ntsuam, hais lus nrog kev txaus siab ntawm lub fact tias lub pob zeb tau kho nyob rau hauv ltalis.

Niaj hnub no, cov Italian technology thiab cov khoom ua ntau nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb: lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv Pakistan, Brazil, Tuam Tshoj, Is Nrias teb.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, ntau hom pob zeb yuav muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, granite - ib tug hardwearing ntuj cov khoom uas yog dav siv los ntawm designers nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no - nyob rau hauv Bulgaria, Portugal, Brazil, Spain. Raws li qhov no amazing cov ntaub ntawv uas tau kuj nyob rau hauv North thiab South America, nyob rau hauv teb chaws Australia.

Nyob rau hauv Mongolia, Is Nrias teb, Uruguay, koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug noble onyx nrog thawj veined bizarre. Tshwj xeeb yog generously muab tej txiaj ntsim los ntawm qhov uas onyx Minas Gerais, ib tug Brazilian lub xeev.

Travertine - tej yam ntuj tso pob zeb nrog sov xim nrog ib tug ntxeem tau qauv - muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv Pamukkale, lub Turkish xeev, thiab Stuttgart, lub German nroog.

Nrog kev xav txog deposits ntawm marble, lawv kis tau tawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no - yog Uzbekistan, Georgia, tim Nkij teb chaws, Ltalis, lub tebchaws United States, Teb chaws Cuba, thiab Russia. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub Lavxias teb sab marble yog nrov thoob lub ntiaj teb no lub richness ntawm cov xim, tints.

Nyob rau lub zeem muag ntawm marble ntau lawm nyob rau hauv Russia

Ib tug piv txwv ntawm lub stability ntawm qhov kev siv kev cai ntawm tej yam ntuj tso marble nyob rau hauv Russia Marble Palace yog nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg - ib tug tshwj xeeb monument ntawm architecture thiab keeb kwm.

Ntawm kev nqi yog lub Ural tusyees-grained marble maj kaus ntxhw, uas yog nyob rau hauv Koelginskom teb. Nws menyuam tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no kuj lom marble Kibik-Kordonsky Pershinskogo thiab quarries. Irkutsk thaj av ntawd yog nto moo rau xim liab thiab daj ntseg liab marble.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov marble kev pab nyob rau hauv Russia yog nplua nuj heev thiab nws kim heev, txog qhov kawg marble ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws twb mined nyob rau hauv me me qhov ntau. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau xws li ib tug pob zeb yig siv ntawm cov kev pab nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws no heev nqi ntawm quarrying. Piv txwv li, nyob rau lub Kola ceg av qab teb thiab nyob rau hauv sab qab teb Yakutia rau tus nplua nuj tso ntawm marble nyuaj rau txoj kev - cheaper yuav Italian marble.

Txawm li cas los, niaj hnub siv tshuab ua nws tau mus muab optimum tej yam kev mob rau lub extraction ntawm marble, thiab niaj hnub no cov domestic marble siv interchangeably nrog ntuj pob zeb los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws.

Granite - lub pob zeb, uas tau koob meej hauv lub teb chaws

Granite, uas yog mined nyob rau hauv Russia, tsis tsuas boasts ib tug maub xim, yam ntxwv ntawm lub marble.

Yog li ntawd, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv North-West Russia yuav nrhiav tau ib tug tshwj xeeb granite rapakivi uas txawv tsaus liab ntxoov ntxoo. Lub Urals thiab Trans-Baikal cheeb tsam pom amazonite granite, uas yog nyob rau hauv cov xim, xiav-ntsuab thiab ntsuab, reminiscent ntawm ib tug kab tho. Nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad cheeb tsam, Koom pheej ntawm Karelia, lub Kola ceg av qab teb yog muab rho tawm liab thiab ntshav liab granite. Ib tug liab thiab daj pob zeb, uas yuav muaj nyob rau hauv Shokshinsky hauj lwm, tau thoob ntiaj teb koob meej vim hais tias ntawm nws tau ua cia li peb ntawm lub monument ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov keeb kwm: lub sarcophagus ntawm Napoleon Bonaparte (Paris, Fabkis), ib tug monument rau Nicholas kuv (Russia, Saint-Petersburg), ntxa tsis paub hais tias tub rog (Moscow, Russia).

Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm txojkev cov ntaub ntawv - travertine thiab onyx

Nws yog ib qho amazing pob zeb, nyob rau tsis tsuas cov zoo heev zoo (lub dag lub zog, te kuj) twb pom nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, tab sis kuj tshwj xeeb kev zoo nkauj - onyx marble. Ib tug ntau yam ntawm mos tones tsuas amazing: Nws nkawd hais tias lub ntuj tau siv heev dua lwm yam pastel palette, painting lub pob zeb. Xim ntxoov onyx nyias txawv nyias li: los ntawm mis nyuj rau kub, los ntawm daj ntseg ntsuab rau xim av, los ntawm lub teeb liab mus amber.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov no amazing pob zeb teb tsis yog ib yam nkaus thiab uas nws kim heev: Onyx yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub Maritime cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv Kolyma, Chukotka.

Raws li rau travertine, yav tom ntej txojkev thiab lub tsev pob zeb, nws yog ib yam ntawm cov cim ntawm lub Caucasus. Nrov thiab travertine mined nyob rau hauv Pyatigorsk. Txij ancient sij hawm, qhov no pob zeb dai kom zoo nkauj rau hauv lub nroog thiab cov pej xeem tsev, thiab lub tsev. Nrhiav travertine yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv lub Kamchatka ceg av qab teb, nyob rau hauv lub Gatchina koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Leningrad cheeb tsam.

Raws li mined ntuj pob zeb

Niaj hnub no, muaj peb txoj kev extraction ntawm ntuj pob zeb:

- blasting txoj kev. Tus luj ntawm lub pob zeb raug drilled qhov mus rau hauv uas lub nplaum tawg yog pw. Nrog cov tawg ntawm cov pob zeb tawg tsam lov tawm. Lub ntsiab disadvantage ntawm no txoj kev yog hais tias ib tug loj feem pua ntawm cov kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom: nkim feem ntau mus txog ib feem peb ntawm cov huab hwm coj ua. Qhov zoo ntawm tus txheej txheem yog tsis tshua muaj tsis tshua muaj nqi yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi;

- txoj kev cua cushion. Lub pob zeb loj yog drilled qhov, es tsis txhob ntawm explosives muaj yog tso ib tug lossis loj "cushion", uas yog tom qab inflated nrog cua. Yog li nws hloov tawm lub tawg, tab sis ntau maj mam, heev npaum li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tseem lawm, yog tsis muaj micro-tej kab nrib pleb nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb. Txawm li cas los, muaj tsis tau tsis muaj drawbacks: nws yog lub cev tsis los yog kwv yees tau raws nraim li cas qhov chaw yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam cov tawg thiab zoo li cas cheeb tsam yuav tshwm sim spalling;

- txoj kev stonecutter. Stonecutter yog ib tug tshwj xeeb high-tech cov khoom uas niaj hnub no nqa tawm lub feem ntau muaj kuab quarrying. Cutters spare ntaub qauv tso cai feem ntau yog muaj kwv yees lub sij hawm ntawm tib neeg kev txiav txim. Thiab tseem ceeb tshaj, siv ib tug stonecutter nqi natural resource yog siv raws li tau zoo raws li sai tau thiab tsis muaj pov tseg. Raws li rau lub drawbacks, tsuas disadvantage ntawm no txoj kev - nws cov high nqi. Siv thiab siv tau cov pob zeb-cutters - tsis yog ib tug pheej yig Library.

khoom siv ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej

Rau hnub tim, lub cheeb tsam ntawm ntuj pob zeb ntau lawm, nws siv yog loj hlob sai heev. Tshwj xeeb xim deserves qhov tseeb hais tias ntuj pob zeb pab ntawm cov ntiaj chaw muaj kev txom. Niaj hnub no, txoj kev ntawm extraction ntawm granite, onyx, marble yog ua ntau sophisticated, ib tug kev hloov mus rau ib tug zoo technology txog cov nqi ntawm kev ntau lawm cov khoom, uas tso cai rau koom tsim no sector. Qhov ntawd yog vim li cas rau ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas xws li tej yam ntuj tso pob zeb, lub neej yav tom ntej.