Nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov epithelial cov ntaub so ntswg. Characterization ntawm epithelial ntaub so ntswg

Txhua yam ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg muaj ib tug plurality ntawm cov yam ntxwv nta. Lawv dag nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv, ib tug txheej ntawm functionalities, lub hauv paus chiv keeb, qhov xwm ntawm cov kev hloov tshiab mechanism. Yuav kom characterize cov ntaub so ntswg muaj peev xwm yuav nyob rau hauv ob peb txheej xwm, tab sis feem ntau kev ua morfofunktcionalnaja koom. Xws li ib tug kev faib cov ntaub so ntswg tso cai rau lub feem ntau kev thiab ntau yam rau tuab txhua yam. Nyob rau hauv lub morphological thiab haumxeeb nta paub qhov txawv cov nram qab no hom ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg: epithelial (lub npog) licas thiab tshee trophic nqaij.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov qauv ntawm cov epithelial cov ntaub so ntswg: general morphological thiab haumxeeb tej yam tshwm sim

Nws yog hais txog mus rau lub epithelium ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm fabrics, dav faib nyob rau hauv lub cev. Lawv yuav sib txawv nyob rau hauv keeb kwm, piv txwv li mus tsim los ntawm lub ectoderm, mesoderm los yog endoderm, thiab tej yam uas txawv zog.

Ib daim ntawv ntawm ntau morphological thiab haumxeeb nta cov yam ntxwv ntawm epithelial ntaub so ntswg:

1. Nws muaj hlwb hu ua epithelial hlwb. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv muaj kev hloov maj mam intermembrane kis nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj intercellular substance. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj nadmembranny complex (glycocalyx). Nws yog los ntawm nws hlwb nkag mus rau yeeb tshuaj, thiab dhau los ntawm nws yog muab tau los ntawm tib lub cell.

2. hlwb ntawm epithelial cov ntaub so ntswg yog heev ntom, uas ua rau cov tsim ntawm khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Nws yog lawv muaj pub rau cov ntaub so ntswg los ua nws lub zog. Txoj kev uas lub hlwb mus rau txhua lwm yam yuav ua tau txawv: ntawm desmosomes, kis los yog nyob ze.

3. Coupling thiab epithelial ntaub so ntswg, uas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm ib tug saum toj no cov lwm yam, cais lub basal membrane uas muaj cov nqaijrog thiab carbohydrates. Nws thickness yog 100 nm - 1 micron. Hauv epithelia tsis muaj cov hlab ntsha, thiab yog li ntawd lawv diffusely powered los ntawm ib tug qab daus membrane.

4. Rau cov epithelial hlwb yus muaj los ntawm morphofunctional polarity. Lawv yog cov basal thiab apical ncej. Lub keeb ntawm epithelial hlwb nyob los ze zog mus rau lub basal, thiab yuav luag tag nrho cov cytoplasm yog nyob rau apical. Tej zaum yuav muaj pawg ntawm cilia thiab microvilli.

5. Epithelial ntaub so ntswg yog cov sib txawv zoo-txhais kev muaj peev xwm mus tsim dua tshiab. Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm lub kav, thiab kev hloov hlwb cambium.

Txawv le caag los faib

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov evolution ntawm cov epithelial hlwb tsim ua ntej lwm cov ntaub so ntswg hlwb. Lawv thawj muaj nuj nqi yog rau delimitation ntawm lub cev los ntawm cov sab nraud ib puag ncig. Thaum lub tam sim no theem ntawm evolution ntawm lub epithelial cov ntaub so ntswg muaj ob peb zog nyob rau hauv lub cev. Raws li qhov no feature, paub qhov txawv tej yam ntawm fabrics: integumentary, xuas, excretory, thiab lwm yam secretory. Ib suam ntawm epithelial ntaub so ntswg morphologically rau hauv tus account tus duab thiab tus xov tooj ntawm epithelial khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg rau hauv lub tsim. Yog li ntawd, faib ib thiab multi-layered epithelial ntaub so ntswg.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib leeg-txheej, ib epithelia

Cov yam ntxwv nta ntawm ib tug epithelial ntaub so ntswg, uas yog hu ua ib tug tib-txheej, lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov reservoir muaj ib txheej ntawm lub hlwb. Thaum tag nrho cov hlwb yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm tsim ntawm lub siab tib yam uas yuav tau tham txog ib zaug xwb-txheej ib leeg-kab epithelium. Epithelial siab ua tom ntej kev faib tawm, raws li uas qhia hauv lub xub ntiag nyob rau hauv lub cev dav hlau, nyhav thiab cylindrical (prismatic) ib leeg-kab ib leeg-txheej epithelium.

Ib leeg-txheej squamous epithelium ntawm ib ncig thaj tsam ntawm lub ntsws nyob rau hauv lub ua pa (alveoli), me me ducts qog, noob qes, nruab nrab pob ntseg kab noj hniav, serous week (mesothelium). Tsim los ntawm cov mesoderm.

Tej localization monolayer yog cuboidal epithelium ducts qog thiab tubules ntawm ob lub raum. Lub qhov siab thiab dav kwv yees li tib yam hlwb, lub nuclei yog sib npaug thiab muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cell. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb tej zaum yuav txawv.

Qhov no hom ntawm ib leeg-txheej ib leeg-kab epithelial cov ntaub so ntswg raws li ib tug cylindrical (columnar) epithelium, nyob rau hauv lub mob huam, ducts ntawm lub qog, raum muab khaws tseg ducts. Lub qhov siab ntawm lub hlwb yog ho ntau dua qhov dav. Nws muaj ib tug txawv keeb kwm.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug ib leeg-txheej multi-kab ciliated epithelium

Yog hais tias ib tug ib leeg-txheej epithelial cov ntaub so ntswg tas ib txheej ntawm hlwb ntawm txawv heights, ces peb yuav tau tham txog multi-kab ciliated epithelium. Qhov no cov ntaub so ntswg kab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hlab pas thiab tej qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev me nyuam system (seminal huam thiab jajtceprovodov) yam ntxwv nta ntawm epithelial nqaij muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nws cov hlwb yog peb hom: luv luv intercalary, ntev ciliated thiab Goblet. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib txheej, tab sis intercalary hlwb tsis tau sab sauv ntug ntawm lub reservoir. Thaum loj hlob, lawv qha thiab ua ciliated los yog Goblet. Ib tug feature yog lub xub ntiag ntawm ciliated hlwb nyob rau hauv lub apical ncej ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cilia, Goblet hlwb yuav tau tsim slime.

Classification thiab cov qauv ntawm cov stratified epithelium

epithelial hlwb yuav tsim ntau yam khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Lawv nyob ib saum toj no rau lwm, yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ncaj qha kev sib cuag nrog lub qab daus membrane yog tam sim no tsuas yog nyob rau heev heev situated, lub basal txheej ntawm epithelial hlwb. Nws muaj qia hlwb thiab cambial. Raws li lawv qha, ces mus outwards. Cov kauj rau kev sib faib yog lub neej yav tom ntej zoo ntawm lub hlwb. Yog li ntawd faib stratified squamous keratinizing, stratified squamous epithelium neorogovevayuschy thiab txoj kev hloov.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Tsim los ntawm cov ectoderm. Los ntawm no cov ntaub so ntswg muaj epidermis, uas yog qhov chaw txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab cov davhlau ya nyob twg feem ntawm lub qhov quav. Nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm no hom ntawm epithelial cov ntaub so ntswg yog muaj tsib khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm hlwb: lub basal, spinous, granular, ci iab thiab horny.

Lub basal txheej yog ib tug ib kab siab cylindrical hlwb. Lawv yog cov nruj nreem bound mus rau lub qab daus membrane thiab muaj lub peev xwm rau cov me nyuam. Lub thickness ntawm cov spinous txheej yog los ntawm 4 mus rau 8 kab spiny hlwb. Nyob rau hauv lub granular txheej - 2-3 kab ntawm lub hlwb. Epithelial hlwb muaj ib tug flattened zoo, tuab cov tub ntxhais. Ci iab txheej - ib tug xov tooj ntawm tuag hlwb 2-3. Ze tshaj rau tus nto ntawm lub stratum corneum, yog muaj li ntawm ib tug plurality ntawm kab (100) ntaub ntawv ib tug ca tuag hlwb. Qhov no horny teev, nyob rau hauv uas yog ib tug keratin keratin.

Cov kev ua ntawm no cov ntaub so ntswg yog los tiv thaiv cov sib sib zog nqus ntaub so ntswg tiv thaiv sab nraud puas tsuaj.

Lub Khoos Loos Tsev nta ntawm lub stratified squamous epithelium neorogovevayuschy

Tsim los ntawm cov ectoderm. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm localization yog cov cornea, qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, txoj hlab nqos mov thiab ib feem ntawm lub plab ntawm ib co tsiaj tsiaj. Nws muaj peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg: basal, pos thiab tiaj tus. Lub basal txheej nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub qab daus membrane muaj prismatic hlwb muaj loj oval nuclei dog dig txav mus rau apical ncej. Lub hlwb ntawm no txheej, sib koom, pib advancing li. Yog li, lawv yog tsis nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub qab daus membrane thiab dhau mus rau hauv lub muaj pos txheej. Qhov no yog ob peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm hlwb ntawm lus polygonal zoo, thiab ib lub voj qe nucleus. Prickly txheej ua ib tug nto - tiaj txheej ntawm ib tug tuab ntawm 2-3 hlwb.

hloov epithelium

Ib suam ntawm epithelial ntaub so ntswg muab rau ib tug thiaj li hu ua txoj epithelium tsim los ntawm cov mesoderm. Localization - raum lub plab mog, ureter thiab zais zis. Peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm hlwb (basal, intermediate, thiab txheej) yog heev txawv nyob rau hauv cov qauv. Rau basal txheej tsiag ntawv los ntawm xub ntiag ntawm me me cambial hlwb ntawm ntau daim dag nyob rau hauv basal membrane. Lub intermediate txheej hlwb yog lub teeb thiab loj, tus xov tooj ntawm kab yuav tsum sib txawv. Nws nyob rau ntawm yuav ua li cas rau hauv lub cev yog tus sau. Cov txheej txheej hlwb yog txawm loj, lawv yog yus muaj los ntawm ntau yam cores, los yog polyploidy, muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm tso lub hnoos qeev, uas tiv thaiv tsim nto los ntawm teeb meem kev sib cuag nrog cov zis.

glandular epithelium

epithelial cov ntaub so ntswg characterization yog tsis tiav yam tsis muaj ib tug piav qhia ntawm cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua glandular epithelium. Qhov no hom ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg yog dav faib nyob rau hauv lub cev, nws cov hlwb yuav tau tsim thiab paim tshwj xeeb tshuaj - secrets. Qhov luaj li cas, zoo lawm, tus qauv glandular hlwb yog heev ntau haiv neeg, raws li cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab secrets specialization.

Cov txheej txheem uas secrets yog tsim sufficiently complex nyaij nyob rau hauv ob peb ua sawv thiab yog hu ua secretory kev voj voog.

Nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov epithelial cov ntaub so ntswg muaj li ntawm glandular hlwb, vim feem ntau rau nws cov hom phiaj. Vim hais tias hom ntaub yog tsim lub cev, lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm uas yuav muab lub cim pub leejtwg paub. Cov kabmob hu ua qog.