North German Confederation. Keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees

North German Confederation twb tsim ntau tshaj ob puas thiab tsib caug xyoo dhau los thiab tau ua si ib qho tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub German teb chaws. Tus txheej txheem ntawm cov emergence ntawm kev kawm ntawv yog heev zajlus kom culmination ntawm feudalism thiab tsim los ntawm bourgeois capitalism. Lub Union tau ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, txuas rau lub feem nyob rau tag nrho ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Nws yog tus North German Confederation yog tus forerunner ntawm cov German faj tim teb chaws ntawm lub puas tawm xyoo - Thawj Reich.

Creation ntawm lub North German Confederation: Tom qab

Qhov kawg ntawm lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe yog kis tus kab mob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov teb chaws-lub xeev. Haivneeg plays ib qho kev nce ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm rau cov neeg thiab intellectuals. Thaum tus ciam teb ntawm ntau lub teb chaws yog nyob ntawm seb cov nyhuv ntawm nws cov kev txiav txim cov neeg tseem ceeb, feem ntau tsis tau noj mus rau hauv tus account lub teb chaws muaj pes tsawg leeg. Lub German neeg yog muab faib nruab nrab ib tug plurality ntawm lub xeev, lub zos. Cultural chaw zov me nyuam nyob rau hauv Bavaria, Berlin, Frankfurt thiab ntau lwm lub zos. Txawm li cas los, rau cov domination ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua Germanic ntiaj teb no yog sib ntaus sib tua ob powers - Austria thiab Prussia. Thaum lub sij hawm Napoleon tus ntxeem tau ntawm ntau thiab ntau cov neeg ua imbued nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm tus German neeg nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev. Txawm li cas los, ib tug tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub socio-thoj lub neej tseem muaj feudal lords. Rau lawv, lub fragmentation plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm. Vim hais tias nyob rau hauv xws tej yam kev mob uas lawv muaj unlimited cai thiab tau xyuam xim thiab unaccountable txoj cai nyob rau hauv lawv cov khoom.

discontent

Tab sis qhov teeb meem no tsis nplua lub qho bourgeois chav kawm ntawv. Cov tswv ntawm private cov tswv cuab ntawm cov txhais tau tias ntawm ntau lawm yog tag nrho cov nrhiav kev tshiab ciaj uas muag. Ib tug zoo tus naj npawb ntawm States thiab, thiaj li, ib thaj tsam cov nyom hauv tus txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txaus siab ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv nws tau xaus tau lus ib tug kev lis kev cai union ntawm ntau German lub zos, tab sis discontent loj hlob.

Zoo pom tag nrho ntawm cov dab, raws li tau zoo raws li muaj raws li ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov kev paub ntawm neighboring European lub xeev, Prussia thiab Austria mus rau kev koom ua ke ntawm German pawg neeg thaj av. Txawm li cas los, tus haib Austria muaj ib tug loj credibility, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm tus dej Main. Thiab Prussia heev tsis muaj zog los mus tiv xws loj players. Ntawm no nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv arena tshwm Otto von Bismarck. Lub teb chaws Yelemees tshuav npaum li cas rau txoj kev cai no, txij thaum nws yog ib tug tshiab saib cov teeb meem thiab pom nws tawm.

Lub bourgeoisie tau matured thiab tam sim no uas cog noob nom tswv kev sib sau. Prussia pib los npaj rau tsov rog. Bismarck ntev tsim ib pab tub rog, muab tshiab technologies thiab niaj hnub txoj kev mus ua rog. Nws paub hais tias mus cuag lub hom phiaj ntawm txawv teb chaws txoj cai yog tsis yooj yim sua yam uas tsis tau ua tub rog txiav txim tawm tsam Austria. Thaum cov tub rog yog npaj txhij, muaj tsuas yog ib lub ntees.

Cov phaum ntawm kev tsov kev rog

Tom qab lub yeej nyob rau hauv lub Danish tsov rog Prussia thiab Austria faib nruab nrab ntawm loj cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv kev, lawv nyob hauv khiab Schleswig thiab Gastein. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, daim ntawv cog lus yog qhov nyuaj heev. Ob lub xeev muaj txoj cai rau cov cheeb tsam, thiab ob yog muaj nyob rau hauv ua ntej. Qhov no thiab coj kom zoo dua ntawm Bismarck. Lub teb chaws Yelemees lub sij hawm no ntau thiab ntau muaj tej yam uas cov kis ntawm Prussia.

"Hlau Chancellor" (lub npe menyuam yaus ntawm Bismarck) pib los mus siv lawv txoj cai rau cov disputed cheeb tsam. Austrian huab tais pom tau hais kom txhob muaj Gastein, raws li cov cheeb tsam raug txiav tawm ntawm cov teb chaws Ottoman. Yog li ntawd nws zoo siab hlo mus rau lub haum xeeb. Austria muaj nyob rau hauv dej siab cov ntsiab lus uas yuav kis tau tus Prussian chaw uas zoo heev. Txawm li cas los, Bismarck tsis kam. Tus huab tais ces pib mus nrhiav cov phoojywg rau hauv lub tuaj tsov rog. Yav tom ntej North German Confederation twb delineated. Muaj ntau lub xeev sab qaum teb ntawm lub Main los ua koom nyob rau hauv lub anti-Austrian coalition.

Cov superiority ntawm Prussia

Bismarck kuj muaj kev tswj kom xaus ib alliance nrog Ltalis. Nws pib kom sov qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub disputed chaw, ua rau cov tim teb chaws Ottoman tshaj tawm tsov rog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub Prussian troops nyob Gastein. sib ntaus sib tua tsoo tawm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Lub rau hli ntuj. Cov kev backwardness ntawm lub Austrian pab tub rog tsis pub nws mus npaj ib tug muaj kev vam meej tiv thaiv. Muaj ntau States tsis tau muaj sij hawm npaj yuav sawv kev, ua ntej lawv nyob rau hauv lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm Prussia. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug ob peb hnub tom qab lub phaum ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv nws nrog Ltalis. Tsov rog nyob rau hauv ob fronts, raws li zoo raws li cov kev superiority ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tsis muab Austria ib lub caij nyoog. Tsov rog twb yeej nyob rau hauv xya lub lim piam. Creation ntawm lub North German Confederation ua rau nws tau mus txais lub tshiab center "German ntiaj teb no".

tom qab lub yeej

Tom qab hluav taws xob yeej ntawm Prussia pib noj ntau thiab ntau lub teb chaws. Muaj ntau lub xeev uas tau tshaj tawm hais tias lawv tsis koom, twb nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub phaum ua tsov ua rog. Nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm lub bourgeoisie koom nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub Main. Qhib ciam teb, qhov uas tsis muaj hauj lwm thiab loyal rau tub txawj tub ntse kev cai lij choj tso cai rau North German Confederation ua txaus nyiam heev rau ntiag tug tswv ntawm cov txhais tau tias ntawm ntau lawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsoom fwv tau koom nce lub tswv yim ntawm yias-German unification thiab kwv ua tij uas yog pab rau cov duab ntawm lub Union nyob rau hauv cov neeg.

Qhov kawg union

North German Confederation nrog Prussia coj krepnul txhua txhua hnub. Nws pib nteg thov kom tag nrho cov German pawg neeg thaj av. ntau yam ua tub rog alliances nrog lub thiaj li hu ua yav qab teb (txheeb ze rau tus dej Main) tau xaus tau lus. Tab sis lawv twb tsis txaus rau ib tug tag nrho nkag mus rau hauv lub Union. Yog li ntawd Bismarck xeeb ib tug tshiab kev tsov kev rog. German keeb kwm yog inextricably txuas nrog Fabkis nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tus tawm tsam rau dominance nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Yog li ntawd, tom qab ib tug ob peb xyoos nyob rau hauv Paris pib siab rau huab tais Wilhelm. Lub formal yog vim li cas rau lub tsov ua rog yog cov Mev teebmeem nyob rau hauv uas Fabkis thiab lub North German Confederation txhawb sib txawv sib tw rau lub zwm txwv. Txawm tias William txoj kev los mus tiv thaiv bloodshed, ua tsov ua rog twb unleashed. Raws li cov Austro-Prussian, nws pib nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov. Ib xyoo tom qab, tus Fabkis pab tub rog twb tua yeej, thiab cov union thaum kawg tuaj koom rau tag nrho cov German pawg neeg thaj av. Keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, nyob rau hauv dab tsi daim ntawv nws tshwm sim tam sim no, pib los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd.