Monastery ntawm Jvari nyob rau hauv Georgia: kev piav qhia

Jvari - lub monastery ntawm tus dawb huv hla, nrog cov zaj ntawm lub sij hawm attracts ib tug nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov pilgrims. Lub tuam tsev nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Mtskheta, nyob saum roob. Nyob rau hauv cov lus teb, tourists sau hais tias nyob rau hauv no qhov chaw ntawm tus kws sau paj lug ntawm Lavxias teb sab Mikhail Lermontov rov qab, vim nws nyob ntawm no "Aragvi thiab Kura ntws" sib tshuam thiab, rattling nrog npuas tsis, maj mus ancient Tbilisi.

Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub monastery puas lawm, txawm hais tias lub Koom Txoos Great tseem tau siv cov hnub caiv kev cai dab qhuas thiab kev ua tshoob kos. Lub complex yog nyob rau ntawm UNESCO cov npe ntawm cov khoom hauv kev hem thawj ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Lub ntiaj teb lub zej zog faib nyiaj ntau heev rau nws txoj kev saib xyuas.

Keeb kwm, ntawm qhov tseeb thiab cov lus txhawb

Mtskheta yog qhov chaw uas Georgia tau tsim cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv 334. Rau hnub no, nws tseem yog lub tsev hauv paus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Georgian Orthodox. Jvari, los yog, raws li nws kuj hu ua, lub Monastery ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig, yog suav hais tias yog ib tus hiob hauv Caucasus. Keeb kwm ntseeg hais tias nws tau ua nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw uas St. Nino, tus poj niam ua tub txib, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua IV ua thawj lub koom txoos Christian. Raws li cov lus dab neeg hais, nws nres ntawm no thiab thov Vajtswv ntev, thiab tom qab ntawd ces dai khaub lig rau hauv av. Los ntawm xyoo 545, thawj lub tuam tsev tau tsa hauv lub tuam tsev no. Tom qab ntawd nws tau raug hu ua lub Koom Txoos Me ntawm Jvari. Hmoov tsis, nws tsis dim.

Qhov thib ob thiab loj dua hauv lub tuam tsev, hu ua lub Koom Txoos Great Jvari, tau ua nyob ze, nruab nrab ntawm 586 thiab 605 xyoos. Txawm, qhov seem ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas neeg dawb huv ntawm Georgia yog faus nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub monastery. Qhov chaw no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub teb chaws, tab sis thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam North Caucasus.

Cov qauv ntawm architecture

Lub monastery ntawm Jvari yog ib qho qauv tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv qhov nruab nrab ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab thaj tseem ceeb, muab coj los ua kom pom cov kab lis kev cai hauv cheeb tsam thiab tej yam ntuj tso. Lub tsev kawm ntawv me me zoo nkauj tshaj li qhov ua tiav ntawm Christian-Georgian architecture thiab absorbed ntau tus artistic thiab architectural aspirations ntawm ancient builders.

Lub tuam tsev yog tsim nyob rau hauv hom tetra-conch (plaub apses yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig nrog me ntsis elongated "east-west" axis). Cov kev txiav txim siab raws li cov lus ceeb toom ceev faj yeej tseem ceeb thiab ua tim khawv rau Georgia qhov kev ntseeg dhau los ntawm cov tsev neeg.

Deep niches ntawm cov plaub semicircular apses ua rau kaum chav. Sab qab teb-thaj tis tau tsuas yog ib qho nkag thiab tau npaj rau cov poj niam. Qhov qhib dav octagon ntawm chav central yog crowned nrog tsawg dome uas nce los ntawm cov kabmob bearing rau peb theem.

Sab nrauv thiab sab hauv

Txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub tuam tsev ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb, kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev tsis paub txog ntawm sab ntsuj plig, tsis tshua muaj siab mosaic thiab lwm yam ornaments. Chav tsev yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws (nrog rau lub qhov me me-qhov hlais thiab tswmciab), yog li nws zoo nkaus li tsaus nti thiab txawj xav. Saum toj ntawm thaj xyeem sawv ntoo ib tug ntoo khaub lig - nws yog txhua qhov kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tuam tsev. Tsim cov qauv zoo qhia tau hais tias tus qauv ntawm Sasanian daim duab.

Qhov kev nruj no siv rau sab nraud. Lub pob zeb zoo li qub thiab ua kom zoo zoo ntawm plaub lub façade uas yog "caj npab ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig" tau dhau los ua tau zoo ntawm kev tsim kho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muab cov kev nyuaj ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd thiab qhov chaw ntawm thaj av sab ntawm lub tsev siab. Ntawm cov bas-reliefs ntawm cov phab ntsa sab hnub tuaj, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav pom cov vajntxwv thiab cov laib uas ua tus Jvari monastery, thiab cov lus sau ua lus hauv cov lus Georgian. Hauv no peb tuaj yeem nco qhov feem ntawm Hellenistic kab lig kev cai.

Lub sab nrauv ntawm pawg ntseeg yog nyob rau hauv kev sib haum xeeb nrog lub qhov chaw sab hauv thiab kev ywj pheej. Qhov no feature ua rau pawg ntseeg txawv ntawm Byzantine cov tuam tsev, nyob rau hauv uas lub koom haum ntawm qhov chaw tha xim sab hauv yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Yuav ua li cas mus rau lub monastery ntawm Jvari?

Raws li tau hais los ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, qhov deb ntawm Tbilisi mus rau Mtskheta yog li 19 kislas, uas siv sijhawm txog 20 feeb los ntawm kev.

Nroog tsheb khiav txhua hnub. Hnub Sunday, pes tsawg tus flights yog sharply txo. Qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv Tiflis yog nyob tom khw (qhov chaw nres tsheb tub rog "Didube" .Txheej hauv lub subway yog tsau - 0,50 GEL - thiab tsis nyob ntawm qhov ze). Tawm ntawm lub subway, koj yuav tsum dhau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khw-khws thiab lem sab xis. Ntawm no mus ntau minibuses nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia. Daim pib yuav pib ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm daim pib lossis them ncaj qha rau tus neeg tsav tsheb. Tus nqi yog 1 GEL.

Kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tau ceeb toom tias yog tsis muaj lub siab xav them tshaj, ces tsis txhob them nyiaj rau cov tsav tsheb tavxij uas muaj txog qhov ntawd - lawv tuaj yeem tshaj tawm tias cov minibuses rau Jvari Monastery tsis txog lossis lawv cov kev pab yuav raug pheej yig dua. Nws yuav tsis tseeb.

Koj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm tsheb lossis tsheb tavxij. Yog tias koj siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm ib tus neeg ntiag tug, ces ua ntej koj nkag tau rau hauv lub tsheb, koj yuav tsum sib cog lus. Tus nqi pib ntawm 10 mus rau 20 lari. Nyob rau hauv lub collapsible yuav cheaper, vim hais tias tus nqi yog muab faib rau tag nrho cov neeg caij tsheb.

Cov Tswv Yim Pab Tswvyim

Nyob rau hauv cov lus teb ntawm cov neeg ncig xyuas kev uas twb tau mus xyuas cov thaj chaw hauv Georgian, koj tuaj yeem nyeem ntawv tswv yim. Yog li ntawd, ntawm lwm yam:

• Pilgrims thiab cov kws tshawb nrhiav cov neeg yuav tsum ua raws li qee yam kev cai ntawm kev coj los ntawm kev mus xyuas lub Jvari Monastery. Yees duab thiab yees duab shooting ntawm ib co kab tawg yog txwv tsis pub. Pab kom txhob yuam kev hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov phiaj xwm tshwj xeeb.
• Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov poj niam uas tsis muaj zog yuav tsum tau nrog lawv 2 caj dab txhua. Ib tug yuav tsum tau npog lub taub hau, qhov thib ob, yog hais tias tus poj niam nyob hauv ris, koj yuav tsum khi li, xyaum tus tiab. Yog tias koj tsis muaj ib daim pam nrog koj, koj tsis tuaj yeem chim siab - tom qhov nkag mus hauv lub tuam tsev thiab cov phuam qhwv ntsej, uas yuav muab siv.

Cov khoom siv hlau thiab txheej txig rau nws yog nrov rau Mtskheta. Lub Jvari Monastery tau qhib lub khw muag khoom me me ntawm nws qhov chaw uas zoo tshaj plaws, uas koj tuaj yeem muas ib qho nyiaj, ntoo khaub lig, saw, daim ntawv npliag, ntawv nplua nuj, phau ntawv, rosary lossis fij rau lub ploj.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tourists 'xyuas kev qhia hais tias cov khoom noj nyob rau hauv lub khw nojmov ntawm Mtskheta yog heev six thiab ntau pheej yig tshaj li qhov zoo li ib tug nyob rau hauv Tbilisi.

Kev pab rau hmo nyob rau hauv Mtskheta tseem yuav coj tsawg kev puas tsuaj rau pob nyiaj siv nyiaj ncaj qha rau hauv cov peev ntawm Georgia, thiab qhov sib thooj ntawm lub nroog loj hauv lub teb chaws thiab kev thauj mus zoo nrog nws yuav ua kom pom lwm cov chaw ncig mus ncig.

Dab tsi ntxiv mus pom hauv Mtskheta?

Nyob rau hauv 2004, Daim Ntawv Teev Npe ntawm Monuments Fund tau ntxiv rau lub Jvari Monastery. Georgia Hauv Mtskheta koog tsev kawm ntawv muaj ntau cov vaj tse hauv tsev. Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov lus teb ntawm cov neeg ncig xyuas kev uas tuaj xyuas ntawm no yog hais:

• Svetitskhoveli (Nyob Pillar) - ib qho ntawm feem dawb ceev tej chaw ntawm Georgia, nrog rau cov monastery Jvari. Lub cathedral tau ua nyob rau hauv 1010, qhov chaw uas thawj Christian pawg ntseeg ntawm lub teb chaws sawv. Nws nyob hauv qhov ntxa ntawm cov vajntxwv qub qub, suav nrog Sidonia, uas, raws li cov lus dab neeg, raug muab faus nrog Yexus lub cev rau hauv nws txhais tes.

• Samtavro (qhov chaw ntawm tus kav) nyob sab qaum teb ntawm lub ntsiab txoj kev, ib tug ntawm ob peb feeb 'taug kev los ntawm Svetitskhoveli. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, St. Nino tau thov Vajtswv ntawm no qhov chaw, thiab tom qab ntawd ces ib lub tsev teev ntuj me me tau ua nyob ntawm no, txij thaum xyoo pua 4th. Hauv lub xyoo pua XI, ib lub tuam tsev loj tuaj ntawm no. Nws tseem muaj cov qhov ntxa ntawm cov Vajntxwv Georgian tus vaj ntxwv, uas hloov dua siab tshiab rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv, thiab nws tus poj niam Nana.
• Bebris Tsikhe (Txwj Laug Fortress) nyob upward los ntawm lub ntsiab txoj kev Samtavro. Hauv kev xyuas cov neeg tuaj ncig xyuas tebchaws tau hais tias cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov citadel yog kev lom zem txaus, tab sis nws tsis ruaj ntseg. Los ntawm qhov ua siab tshaj qhib ib lub hav tsim los ntawm lub hlws ris ntawm tus dej ntws kurÅ thiab Aragvi.