Mica - dab tsi yog hais tias mineral? Hauj lwm thiab thaj chaw ntawm mica

Mica yog pom nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso mineral formations ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab. Nws yog ib lub pob zeb ntawm volcanic keeb kwm, uas yog tsim nyob rau thaum lub sij hawm txias ntawm molten lava. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj nqis ntsoov teev yog hais tias lub mica - qhov no yog ib qho zoo heev insulator, tsis muaj kev hluav taws xob thiab tshav kub.

txhais ntawm lub tswvyim

Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov zaub mov muaj zoo meej cleavage nyob rau hauv ib tug coj. Lawv yog cov tau phua rau hauv heev nyias khoom phaj thaum tswj cov elasticity, yooj thiab lub dag lub zog.

Yog li, peb yuav xaus uas lub mica - ib tug mineral uas yog visually reminiscent ntawm cov iav thiab muaj ib tug qauv ntawm cov fawm kib muaju. Nws yog vim rau qhov cov feature, raws li zoo raws li vim cov uas qaug zog coupling ntawm tus neeg packets cov ntaub ntawv tsim tej yam tshuaj zog.

Txawm li cas los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias muaj ntau ntau yam ntau ntau yam ntawm lub mineral nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas, nws muaj ntau yam ntxwv, xws li:

• lamellar;
• basal cleavage;
• lub peev xwm los phua rau hauv cov finest yam.

ntawm ntau yam mica

Raws li cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees, nws tseem tau mus muab cov nram qab no kev faib ntawm cov mineral nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas, namely:

1. Magnesian-ferruginous mica - biotite, phlogopite thiab lepidomelan.
2. Aluminium mica - Paragon thiab muscovite.
3. Lithium mica - zinnwaldite, lepidolite thiab tayniolit.

Yog lwm typology ntawm no mineral, uas yog hais txog lub tswvyim ntawm "muaj mica":

• seem thiab petty mica (tuag qhov chaw ntawm mica ntawv ntau lawm);
• intumescent mica - vermiculite yog tau los ntawm calcination ntawm cov mineral;
• mica.

Scope xam tau tias yog igneous pob zeb

Mica - ib tug mineral ntawm metamorphic, sedimentary thiab sab pob zeb, thiab nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog yog xav paub ntxiv thiab minerals.

Phlogopite thiab muscovite yog cov high-zoo hluav taws xob insulating cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog indispensable nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw xws li xov tooj cua, hluav taws xob thiab aircraft. Lub iav kev lag luam, piv txwv li, tsis yog tsis muaj lepidolite, uas yog ua los ntawm kho qhov muag iav.

Nws tseem yog nqi sau cia hais tias lub loj luaj li cas ntawm cov ntawv txheeb tau los ntawm tsevneeg mica thiab micanite phiaj, siv raws li ib tug sab saum toj zoo hluav taws xob thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntaub. Ib tug ntiav los ntawm seem mica thiab mica tau as siv advantageously nyob rau hauv lub cement, kev tsim kho, roj hmab kev lag luam, nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm yas, xim, thiab lwm yam

Nws kuj yog siv raws li ib tug tub lim nyob rau hauv nyuab siab lug thiab compositions haum rau siv nyob rau hauv corrosive npuas thiab nyob rau hauv cov pwm. Micas yog raug rau fractionation, thiab nyob ntawm seb dab tsi qhov luaj li cas feem ntaub ntawv impart kev zog. Nyob rau hauv kev, tej zaum nws yuav tshuam mikroslyuda khoom mus rau harden, tom qab uas nws yuav tau kuj rau tej deformation, raws li zoo raws li alternating loads.

Mica-muscovite muaj ib lub teeb grey xim nqaij daim tawv thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua xim cov ntaub ntawv, lub tsev ntaub ntawv, yas, adhesives, sealants, mastics thiab cov zoo li. D. Yuav ua lub pob zeb thiab suab insulating zoo ntxiv thereto vermiculite.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, mica - ib tug mineral, nyob rau lub hniav zog, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov nram no:

• ntau lawm lub cub tawg cov ntxaij vab tshaus;
• lub creation ntawm tsuas iav;
• hniav nyiaj hniav kub siab.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ib tug pob zeb nkag mus rau hauv cov mineral?

Granite - ib lub pob zeb, mica nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg uas tau raug kuaj tau hauv ib tug loj ntim. Nws yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau crystalline ntuj mineral aggregates. Lub pob zeb yog txwm siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho teb.

Lo lus "granite" yog muab los ntawm latin "Granum" uas translates li "nplej". Lub pob zeb no yog dav siv los ntawm architects thiab designers rau yav dhau los ob peb puas xyoo, vim lub fact tias nws muaj xws cim zog xws li cov neeg kho tshuab zog, durability thiab kuj mus te, nws niam txig nrog nws cov hniav zog.

Qab ntxiag tsos ntawm granite haum rau sab nrauv cladding ntawm cov khoom - qhov kev siv ntawm embankments los yog cov creation ntawm monuments thiab sab hauv (lub ntau yam ntsiab ntawm lub décor).

Nws yog li ntawm quartz, Feldspar, mica thiab lwm yam minerals. Qhov ratio muaj feem xyuam rau cov xim thiab lub zog ntawm lub pob zeb.

Yuav ua li cas nws tshwm sim?

Raws li cov grain loj, lub nram qab no ntau ntau yam ntawm granite, namely:

• ntxhib pob zeb (dua 10 hli);
• medium-grained granite (2-10 hli);
• zoo-grained (tsawg tshaj li 2 hli).

Granite xim palette yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov ntxoov ntawm lub spectrum. Multi-kob pob kws - ib tug Feldspar, mica granite xim nyob rau hauv cov xim dub thiab silica yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov sparkling translucent nplej.

nws zoo

Granite - pob zeb, mica nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm uas ua rau nws check nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lub nrov marble. Cov khoom ua los ntawm nws yeej yuav tsis poob nws cov khoom thiab tsis deformed outwardly thaum ua nyob rau hauv continental huab cua nrog caij nyoog kub sib txawv ntawm ntau dua tshaj ib puas degrees. Yog li, lub granite yog tsis ntshai shestidesyatigradusnyh te los yog thaum tshav kub kub saum toj no 50 degrees, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev nyab xeeb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub pob zeb yog npaum li cas tsawg tshaj li tus tib marble, raug rau fungal nres.

Granite, mica, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov muscovite thiab biotite, tsis tsuas check, tab sis kuj fireproof pob zeb. Nws pib yaj thaum ib tug kub saum toj no 700 degrees Celsius.

Tsis tas li ntawd yuav pom tau tias ib tug ntawm kev txiav txim cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm lub dag lub zog li lub dej haum. Granite kis tau los ntawm nws tag nrho nws cov competitors.

Version ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub npe ntawm tus kaj mica

Cov thawj daim qauv ntawm qhov qhia ntawm cov mineral, uas nyob rau hauv European civilization, tau ua "ib txwm" los ntawm Karelia. Mica, muab qhia tawm uas tau yav tas los qhia nyob rau hauv lub teeb meem loj volume ntawm exports rau sab hnub poob thiab tsis tau ib yam ntawm lub ntsiab exports ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub XVII-XVIII centuries. Lub pov thawj ntawm no yog lub keeb kwm ntawm lub npe lub teeb mica - muscovite - los ntawm lub qub npe ntawm lub capital ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab xeev (XV-XVIII cc.) - Muscovy. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav hais tias nws twb tuaj mus rau lub ciaj uas muag western ntawm Russia.

Raws li cov kev tshawb version, qhov tsos ntawm no lub npe yog hais tias yuav lub caij thaum lub ob taxonomy, npaj los ntawm ib tug Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus, German mineralogist Valerius appropriated muaj mica nyob rau hauv lub header ntawm cov coj kev seem npe, namely «Vitrum moscoviticum phab ntsa». Tom qab, lub ob lub npe system tseem tsuas cov central lo lus ntawm lub tswv yim lub sij hawm.

Keeb kwm mica lag luam nyob rau hauv muaj tej qhov chaw

Tus thawj tus neeg mob ntawm no mineral, dua li es tsis txhob ntawm lub qhov rais iav tau pom nyob rau hauv Novgorod (X-XII cc.) Thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm no wealth Karelia thiab Kola ceg av qab teb. Ces Ivan Grozny kov yeej Novgorod thiab Pskov, uas pab rau lub acquaintance Muscovite rulers nrog mica.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thib kaum xya xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Karelia twb mica kev lag luam no mas tsim. Raws li official cov ntaub ntawv, pib ntawm 1608 muaj ib lub Moscow tsoom fwv txoj cai hais txog tus sau los ntawm se los ntawm rho minerals nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov ib feem kaum ntawm tag nrho cov.

Txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm Siberia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII coj mus rau tshiab discoveries mica deposits. Nws muaj twb pom los ntawm Vladimir Atlasov nyob rau hauv 1683 rau Aldan. Cov deposits tau tom qab tsis nco qab lawm, thiab tsuas yog ob puas thiab tsib caug xyoo (nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog) reopened. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm uas nws pib lag luam mica mas rau cov kev xav tau ntawm lub teb chaws tiv thaiv.

disadvantages yug

Raws li hais ua ntej lawm, mica - ib tug mineral uas yuav ua rau ib tug tseem ceeb lub zog ntawm cov khoom. Txawm li cas los, txawm lub heev muaj nuj nqis nws cov khoom versatility thiab practicality ntawm lub pob zeb cov yam ntxwv ntawm porosity thiab brittleness. Uas yog vim li cas mica yog siv ib hom nyob rau hauv nrog lwm yam, uas yuav xyuas kom meej cov ntaub ntawv uas ntseeg thiab cov neeg kho tshuab zog. Lub xub ntiag ntawm no mineral hauv cov pob zeb thiaj li lawv lub zog thiab durability, ua rau nws tsis yooj yim zom thiab polish.

Lub txuas quartz, granite, mica?

Yuav kom to taub ib zaug ntxiv dua, nws yog tsim nyog los muab ib nyuag piav txog txhua yam ntawm cov lus nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem no.

Mica ua hauj lwm pab ib tug mineral muaj nyias los xij, cov phiaj lawm. Cov puas hais yog yooj yim phua. Lawv pob tshab tsaus tom tsim nrog ib tug ib nyuag ntsia. Mica ua hauj lwm pab constituent ntawm granite thiab ib co lwm yam pob zeb. Nws txoj kev loj hlob yog ua li cas qhib los yog underground tsuas. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm thov blasting. Mica muaju raug xaiv los ntawm cov pob zeb masses heev dua lwm yam manually. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txoj kev tau tsim nws muaj synthesis.

Quartz - ib tug mineral, tsis tsuas ib feem ntawm lub granite, tab sis kuj nquag ces yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib daim ntawv no. Nws muaju yuav muaj ib tug loj los ntawm ib tug ob peb millimeters mus txog ob peb meters. Pob tshab embodiment ntawm no mineral yog hu ua pob zeb siv lead ua thiab dawb - ntais quartz. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws yog ib tug pob tshab ntshav quartz - amethyst. Muaj yog liab, thiab xiav, thiab ntau lwm yam tsiaj ntawm mineral, uas yog siv feem ntau nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua hniav nyiaj hniav kub.

Granite - pob zeb, uas muaj nplej ntawm ob peb minerals xws li mica, Feldspar thiab quartz. Nws los nyob rau hauv liab, grey, liab. Nws yuav feem ntau yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub zos, raws li lawv nqa tawm lub cladding ntawm ib co tsev, ua pedestals rau monuments thiab kis tau tus embankments ntawm cov dej ntws.