MANPADS "Igla": yam ntxwv, cov duab, ntaub ntawv sau npe

Twb thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog II lub ntiaj teb no aviation dominance tshaj lub ua yeeb yam ua tsov ua rog yog tseem ceeb heev. Niaj hnub nimno loj cov tub rog ua hauj lwm yog nrog los ntawm kev siv ntawm pua pua ntawm cov aircraft, xws li unmanned. Yuav kom counter cov kev hem thawj ntawm huab cua cua tiv thaiv systems thiab missile muaj txuj ci, uas txawv raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txiav txim, lub zoo voos kheej-kheej thiab degree ntawm kev mus ncig. Nyob rau hauv 70 xyoo, ib tug loj ntau wearable portable huab cua tiv thaiv systems tsim los counter lub phem tactical aviation cuab tam, tam sim no sawv cev los ntawm nres helicopters, aircraft, nres aircraft thiab UAVs.

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tub rog muaj MANPADS "Igla". Qhov no ua tsov rog muaj ib tug high efficiency, paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm qhov kev paub ntawm kev sib ntaus los siv (kom deb li deb tsuas txawv teb chaws rog), nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus siv, txhim khu kev qha, kuj me me luaj li cas thiab qhov hnyav.

MANPADS nyob rau hauv lub USSR

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub domestic anti-aircraft missile systems uas muaj peev xwm tso ib tug projectile ncaj los ntawm lub xub pwg pib nyob rau hauv lub USSR nyob rau hauv ua ntej. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 60s Soviet pab tub rog muaj ob hom ntawm portable huab cua tiv thaiv missile system ( "Xub" thiab "Xub-2"). Qhov no ua tsov rog muaj heev heev zoo, cov uas tau:

- cia li tsos ntawm huab cua tiv thaiv systems nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw uas tus yeeb ncuab aircraft ua ntej cov kev hem thawj yog tsis muaj;

- lub peev xwm los ntaus lub hom phaj ntawm loj mus (tshaj 4 km) thiab ib qhov siab coj mus rau tias thaum uas feem ntau cov feem ntau yog "ua hauj lwm" rau hauv pem teb lub hom phaj nres aircraft ( "Skyhawk", "Phantom" los yog "Skayrayder") - los ntawm 1500 mus 3000 meters;

- ceev ceev yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv lub deployed txoj hauj lwm;

- yooj yim rau daim ntawv thov thiab kev kawm ntawm cov neeg ua, xws li txawv teb chaws;

- tus kwv tij compactness;

- simplicity nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub cia thiab tsheb thauj mus los tej yam kev mob.

Txawm tias lub siab kev sib ntaus los zoo ib co tsis kaj siab lub sij hawm, rau cov uas ua tub rog kws txawj tau criticized MANPADS "Strela". "Koob" tau tsim precisely nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kov yeej cov teeb meem.

Tuav cia li tom qab, thiab nyob ntawm

Lub ntsiab drawback ntawm "Sub" yog nyob rau hauv lawv muaj peev xwm mus tsoo lub hom phaj tom qab lawv mus tshaj mus nkaum qab ib tug kwv. Feem ntau ib tug yeeb ncuab aircraft yuav tau xuas phom tua cia tsuas yog tom qab lub ce ntawm lub bombing los yog missile pov. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, "pauj" lub tiv thaiv rog nyob rau hauv yog hais tias tus anti-aircraft Gunners lawv tus kheej dim. "Xub" yuav tuav lub pursuit, thiab cov tub rog uas cog noob riam phom uas yuav ntaus lub zuj dav hlau rau ib tug kev sib tsoo cov hoob kawm, xav tej zaum hu plig.

Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, siv lub caij ntawm surprise, nws twb tau mus kawm tau ntawv zoo nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm no tsim qhov khuam - "catch" tus yeeb ncuab thiab ua treacherous tshuab rau overflying aircraft, tseem unnoticed. Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv 1969, Iyiv troops massively siv lub portable complex "Strela-2" Israeli "Phantom", khiav ntawm ib feem tsawg tsawg altitudes, tua rau ntawm lawv ib hnub twg. Tab sis tus yeeb ncuab yog muaj peev xwm mus kawm, li ntawd, tsis ntev lub hauj lwm zoo ntawm Soviet MANPADS tsis yeem, tab sis lawv cov kev pab cuam yog tseem tseem nyob unquestionable. Lawv muaj ib tug puas siab puas ntsws tej yam, yuam tus yeeb ncuab pilots yog lossi rushing los ntawm me me mus rau loj heights, yeej tsis lawm muaj kev ruaj ntseg. Thiab tsis tau nws yog tsim nyog los nrhiav kom tau kev muaj peev xwm kom tau raws li tus khiav nrawm, es tom qab.

Tsoom fwv txoj hauj lwm SP Invincible

Lwm disadvantage muaj los ntawm "Sub" thiab cov uas nrhiav kom tsis txhob muaj cov creators ntawm MANPADS "Igla", yog ib tug tsis muaj nplaum tawg hwj chim sib ntaus sib tua lub taub hau. Tsis yog txhua txhua tsoo lub hom phiaj yuav lav tsis tau nws kev puas tsuaj thiab txawm ua tseem ceeb kev puas tsuaj. Kev loj hlob stormtroopers tsa, lub nozzle mus rau hauv uas rushed cuaj luaj nrog ib tug thermal lub taub hau kev taw qhia, ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm mas siab thermal thiab baric los, thiab aircraft feem ntau muaj lub sij hawm rov qab mus rau lawv lub hauv paus, thiab ces kho dua nyiag ua ib kev hem thawj. Cuam tshuam thiab cov nyhuv ntawm "blurring" lub dav hlau kwj moj tej tawg yoj thiab cov ua hais. Nrog rau qhov no nws yog tsim nyog los ua ib yam dab tsi.

Nyob rau hauv 1971, lub Soviet tsoom fwv txiav txim siab los tsim ib tug tshiab txoj, lub peev xwm mus tua nrog rau feem ntau niaj hnub thiab advanced nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm los ntawm txoj kev ua pa hawb pob tactical theem, uas yuav muaj lub peev xwm yeeb ncuab. Kolomenskoye engineering design chaw khaws yog tus niam txiv lub tuam txhab, hais txog kev ua hauj lwm ua los ntawm lwm cov koom haum (CDB Apparatus, Kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm ntsuas seev thiab lub Leningrad koom haum LOMO). Lub ntsiab thawj coj ntawm lub tshiab tsim heev lawm los ua Academician SP Invincible. Tus tshiab riam phom hu ua MANPADS "Igla". Tus yam ntxwv (lub hom phiaj ceev, thiab qhov yuav tshwm ntawm kev puas tsuaj qhov siab) yuav tsum tau muaj, raws li tsoom fwv kev thov, ho outperformed "Sub-3 '(lub xeem hloov kho).

Cunning tiv thaiv cunning

Lub ntsiab channel rau hom phiaj anti-aircraft missiles muaj feeb raug suav hais tias ib tug kub qhov cim tseg tshuav engine ntawm lub aircraft. Qhov no txoj kev ntawm kev txiav txim cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov projectile yog kuj yooj yim, tab sis nws muaj loj flaws. Tam sim ntawd tom qab thawj zaug mob ntawm txoj kev siv ntawm aircraft tiv thaiv nyob li npaj mus mislead thermal radar tshuab sawv cev tua Pyrocartridges uas tsim ib tug cuav hom phiaj. Nws yog yog li ntawd txiav txim siab mus equip MANPADS "Igla" dual-channel infrared kev taw qhia lub taub hau, txawm peem rau nrog photodetectors. Kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug system uas yuav paub qhov txawv ntawm ib tug tiag tiag dav hlau los ntawm thermal tshav kub txoj lw "cuab", ncua ntxiv xya xyoo, tab sis yog hai. Nws muaj pov thawj rau technically yooj yim, cia li txaus hais tias lub ntsiab photodetector tom qab tus neeg txhais lus ntawm cov projectile mus rau hauv lub firing txoj hauj lwm yog txias mus rau ib tug heev tsawg kub nyob ze rau tsis pes tsawg (-200 ° C). Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kev siv zog, lub automatic system, nruab nrog logic, piv qhov readings ntawm ob sensors. Thiab yog hais tias lub supplemental channel teeb liab theem qis tshaj hauv av, lub hom phiaj yog txhais raws li distracting, thiab cov kev tshawb fawb yog nqa tawm raws li ntev raws li lub foob pob ua ntxaij yuav tsis pom qhov tseeb kwv.

Muaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb kev lo lus nug uas cov tshuaj muaj yig nce nqe ntaus rog cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm MANPADS "Igla". Advanced nres aircraft survivability yam ntxwv nyob ntawm seb qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag nrog ib tug projectile, thiab nozzle - yog tsis zoo tag nrho, yog li taw algorithm muab ib qho ntxiv kev xaiv, muab ib tug kev hloov ntawm cov kev taw qhia vector ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij (tiav kev sib hloov) nyob rau hauv cov theem kawg ntawm lub trajectory li hais tias cov txhaj tshuaj ntaus cov fuselage. Yuav kom ua tau qhov no maneuver nyob rau hauv ib tug plhaub siv qhia ntxiv thrusters.

kev taw qhia system thiab fuses

KB Engineers nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev sim kom txo tus luj ntawm lub portable complex "Igla". MANPADS yog ib tug riam phom conceptually compact, nws yog tsim los siv rau los ntawm ib tug tub rog. Pawg blasting tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog foob pob ua ntxaij tsev, yog tib yam li cov "booms" (1170 g), tab sis nws lub zog (tawg) lub hwj chim yog ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog heev zajlus kom tshuaj yog siv lub unspent roj li ib tug ntxiv ua tuag quab yuam, uas yog ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv hu ua ib tug heev generator. Inherently no detonator yog txhais los ntawm lub undermining ntawm lub ntsiab xwb thiab yuav siv sij hawm ib tug kuj qeeb hom ntawm burning roj nyob rau hauv ib tug instantaneous tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm oxidation nrog kev tso tawm ntawm lossis loj nyiaj ntawm lub zog. Fusing ob: cov kev sib cuag (tshuab txais los ntawm kov) thiab induction (cuab magnetic teb lub hom phiaj deb). BLT hom - high-heev.

General apparatus thiab cov khoom siv

MPADS "koob" ib yam li lwm portable ceg tactical theem VOP yog ib tug launcher raj nyob rau hauv uas ib tug missile cork, ergonomic kov. Yuav kom departing missile yuav tsis raug mob rau cov shooter, starting txheej txheem yog muab faib ua ob theem. Thaum xub thawj, tam sim ntawd tom qab qhib rua ntawm lub mos txwv, missile ncaws tshwm sim los ntawm lub thoob los ntawm txoj kev ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj hwj huam xwb. Tom qab ib tug ob peb meters los ntawm lub davhlau laser beam launcher launching ua yooj yim (propulsion) ntawm cov khoom propellant. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub xauv yog muab tshem tawm thawj theem, tiv thaiv lo tawg lub taub hau. Thaum kawg los lub missile nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua mob txawm tom qab ib tug ob peb lub vib nas this, ya mus rau 250 meters.

Dhau li lub community launch raj uas muaj foob pob ua ntxaij 9P322 thiab ua ib leeg-siv khoom, cov khoom siv MPADS "Koob" nruab nrog ib tug txhais (9P519-1) los ntawm lub interrogator 1L14 (nws yog kim thiab complex, nws yuav siv tau ntau lub sij hawm) thiab hluav taws xob ntsiav tshuaj 1L15-1 (rau accelerating cov kev pauv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm cov lus qhia txog lub tsheb qhov teeb meem no).

Rau cov pab pawg daim ntawv thov yuav kuj yuav tsum tau ib tug mobile checkpoint. Mus xyuas lub serviceability thiab tswj system tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb txheej KPS.

Hais tias "Igla-1" pub los ntawm "Strela"

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov seventies thiab rau lub yeeb thiab rau tus neeg muas zaub nws los ua tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv vim lub sij hawm lub Kolomenskoye tshuab-tsev chaw khaws tsis haum. Qeeb ua rau ib tug ncua nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom 9E140 (homing). Nws muab tau heev, nws creation yog nrog los ntawm ntau cov teeb meem. Lub missile yog yuav luag npaj txhij. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav expedite tus khiav ntawm tus qauv los ntawm lub Soviet Army thiab yooj yim ntxiv assimilation ntawm tshiab technology, nws twb txiav txim siab ntawm. MANPADS "Igla-1", txais yuav los ntawm lub Xeev Commission nyob rau hauv 1978, yog nruab nrog ib tug ib leeg-channel GSN los ntawm "Sub". Thaum no cov tshiab txoj differed nce hwj chim xwb thiab zoo npaum li cas kev yam ntxwv (nce txog li 5.2 km voos kheej-kheej ntawm daim ntawv thov, nws yog tau lesion counterpropagating hom phiaj). Nyob rau hauv 1982, Thaum kawg ua tiav kev kuaj ntawm dual-channel homing, nws ntxiv ib tug tshiab portable cua kws muaj txuj ci ntawm pem hauv ntej, hu ua MANPADS "Igla-2."

"Koob" hloov "A", "H" thiab "C"

Complex hu ua tej yam me me nyuaj community launch raj ntev yog 1 m 70 cm - nruab nrab tib neeg siab. Tshwj xeeb loj tawm tsam los ntawm lub paratroopers pib xav ntau compact. Tshwj xeeb txo "Dav dawb hau" yog tsim rau lawv. MANPADS nyob rau hauv lub tais txoj hauj lwm yog luv luv ntawm 60 cm.

Kev hloov kho ntawm lub "H" yog yus muaj los ntawm muaj peev xwm brisant lub taub hau. Cov tib feature yog tseem cov yam ntxwv ntawm peb version ntawm lub complex, tau txais index "C". Tab sis nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus kho kom zoo high-heev fragmentation warhead, lub missile muaj ib tug dual fuse (xws li contactless) thiab lwm tseem ceeb zoo, vim hais tias cov neeg uas lub thiaj li hu ntaus ntawv. "C" - lub ntsiab lus "folding", nyob rau hauv lub thauj txoj hauj lwm - nyob rau hauv ib nrab.

yam ntxwv ntawm

TTX MANPADS "Igla" impressive thiab yog raws li cov kev cai ntawm lub ceev ceev XXI caug xyoo. kev ceev ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij rau txoj kev mus rau lub hom phiaj - tshaj 2,100 km / h. Thaum ib tug deb ntawm 5200 m nyob rau hauv ib tug dav hlau los yog ib tug nyoob hoom qav taub, ya rau ib tug ceev txog li 1150 km / h ntawm altitudes mus txog 2500 m yuav ntaus tom qab ib tug ntau yam ntawm 63%.

Thaum tua rau muaj kev sib tsoo cov hoob kawm lub hom phiaj ceev yuav ua tau siab mus txog 1300 km / h. Hloov ntawm lub tsheb nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua mob portable complex yuav ua tau raws li me ntsis li 13 vib nas this.

Tag nrho cov qhuav nuj nqis txhais tau hais tias zoo kawg li lub sij hawm, uas muaj ib tug tub rog, armed nrog 9K38 MANPADS "Igla". Nws yuav nrog tsawg-ya khoom, xws li nres helicopters thiab cruise missiles, uas yog vim lub flatness ntawm lub trajectory yog heev txaus ntshai rau hauv av pab tub rog.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev tswj system yog tau paub qhov txawv hostile aircraft tsaug rau qhov integrated paub system "phooj ywg los yog foe".

Tshwj xeeb lus tsim nyog thiab yooj yim ntawm kev siv ntawm MANPADS "Igla". Combat phau ntawv qhia tsis muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus yuav ua tau pib los ntawm txhua txoj hauj lwm, xws li nyob board ib tug mus tsheb. Thaum cov neeg teb xov tooj tau pom lub hom phiaj, nws pib xa cov yeeb nkab rau ib tug kwv, thawb "Start" khawm. Tom ntej no, txhua yam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug teeb meem ntawm vib nas this, nws tseem tsuas mus soj ntsuam cov foob pob ua ntxaij davhlau, yog hais tias nws yog, ntawm chav kawm, muaj lub sij hawm.

kev ntawm daim ntawv thov

Nyob rau hauv lub tub rog ntawm ntau tshaj plaub teb chaws yog ib tug portable anti-aircraft system MANPADS "Igla". Nws daim ntawv thov los ntawm Iraqi rog nyob rau hauv 1991 tshwm sim los ntawm tsis ntawm ob peb aircraft Cua Dag Zog Yuam coalition uas tau pom hais tias nws siab miv nyuas siv zug ntawm no hom ntawm Lavxias teb sab riam phom, txawm nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho tsuj ntawm huab cua tiv thaiv thiab cua supremacy attacker. Tshaj yav dhau los ob xyoo lawm nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no muaj ntau armed tsis sib haum thiab kev tsov kev rog. Feem ntau ntawm lawv muaj ib tug los yog lwm yam sab siv MANPADS "Igla". Photo insurgents thiab tsoom fwv cov tub rog uas raug "hlab", raws li zoo raws li kev puas tsuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm aircraft piv txwv ntawm cov hwj chim ntawm no kuj me me huab cua tiv thaiv.

Nyob rau hauv post-Soviet keeb kwm ntawm lub koob meej ntawm qhov "koob" yuav cam thawj saib tsam uas nto moo "Kalashnikov". Paub ntawm lub xeem loj daim ntawv cog lus rau cov mov ntawm ib tug loj batch ntawm cov ceg mus rau lub Malaysian Armed Forces. Cov kev txhim kho ntawm lub cev tsim, uas coj mus rau ib qho kev nce ntawm mus txog rau kilometers voos kheej-kheej kev sib ntaus los siv ntawm "koob" hloov "Super". Cov MANPADS, raws li zoo raws li tshiab, raws li tau daim card kuaj yuav tau siab rearmed lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej.