Majoritarian electoral system

Majoritarian electoral system - qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov variants ntawm lub ntaus ntawv ntawm lub electoral system, nyob rau hauv uas lub xaiv tus neeg sib tw yog pom tau hais tias tau txais lub feem ntau votes nyob rau hauv lub constituency nyob rau hauv uas lawv khiav (nominated). Feem ntau tej zaum yuav tsim nyog txais, tsis los yog txheeb ze. Nyob rau hauv raws li cov feem ntau system nyob rau hauv nws lub moj khaum qhia peb ntau ntau yam. Yog li, tsim nyog, tsis los yog tus txheeb ze hom yog txiav txim nyob rau hauv dab tsi yog yuav tsum tau: hais tias tus neeg thov kev pab (lossis tshaj ntawd) los yog ntau tshaj rau lwm yam (los yog ntau tshaj) cov neeg sib tw, los yog tsawg kawg yog ib pov npav ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov neeg xaiv tsa, los yog ib tug tej yam feem pua ntawm cov kev pov npav ( raws li ib tug txoj cai, ntau dua los yog tsawg ho ntau dua li ib nrab ntawm cov electorate).

Undoubtedly, feem ntau system muaj ob peb zoo. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog txaus siab los ntawm lub kuj loj nom tswv cov chaw, loj blocks ntawm ob tog, lwm yam koom haum ua teb (nom tswv), uas twb tau pom zoo rau ib tug sib koom xaiv tsa ntawm ib tug tib daim ntawv teev.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias feem ntau kev xaiv tsa yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg kom zoo dua. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm xaiv tsa paub sai li sai tau uas nws muab nws lub suab.

Xyaum qhia tau hais tias feem ntau system yog muaj peev xwm muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsim Parliaments, nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog feem ntau ruaj khov (ib-tog, feem ntau yog) thiab ib tug neeg tsawg, muaj raws ntawm ntau nom tswv fractions. Xws li ib tug qauv yog ntau conducive mus rau lub kev loj hlob ntawm sustainable, ruaj khov tsoom fwv.

Majoritarian electoral system yog zoo tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv Russia, lub teb chaws USA, Australia, France, Great teb chaws Aas Kiv thiab ob peb lub kaum os lwm lub teb chaws.

Dua li ntawm qhov cuab kev theej zoo teev electoral system ho thiaj li tau ib tug nom tswv cov haiv neeg tsawg nyob rau hauv lub parliamentary theem. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog me me, tab sis kuj medium-qhov loj qhov me. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj ntau heev sab laug yam tsis parliamentary kev sawv cev, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ua ke lawv yuav ua ib tug tseem ceeb heev ib feem ntawm cov pejxeem.

Rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov feem ntau xaiv nom system lub teb chaws lub chaw uas zoo heev yog muab faib mus rau hauv cov chav nyob. Los ntawm txhua tus xaiv, raws li ib tug txoj cai, ib tug (thiab tej zaum ob los yog ntau tshaj) MP. Sib tw yuav tsum nominated nyob rau hauv ib tug tus kheej muaj peev xwm, Txawm li cas los, tso cai cov los tog los yog lub zog, uas lawv txuas.

Deputies tom qab winning lub kev xaiv tsa, ib tug yuav tsum muaj lub sis raug zoo nrog cov neeg xaiv tsa. Yog li, lawv yuav muab lawv tus kheej nrog rau lawv cov kev pab txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no kev xaiv tsa phiaj los nqis tes.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov feem ntau system yuav tsum muaj xws li lub fact tias cov votes cam khwb cia rau poob sib tw, ploj.

Kev xaiv tsa rau lub xeev Duma ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation txij li thaum 1993, muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug tov proportional-feem ntau system.

Nws twb pom tias ib nrab (225) ntawm tag nrho cov deputies ntawm lub Duma nominated nyob rau hauv ib-txib constituencies (ib lub rooj rau ib koog tsev kawm ntawv). Los yeej, nws yuav tsum tau los hu ntau tshaj qhov lwm tus sib tw, tus xov tooj ntawm votes. Yog li, lub system siv lub majoritarian kev xaiv tsa txheeb ze feem ntau.

Nyob rau hauv 1993, cov mej zeej ntawm lub Federation Council nominate ob los ntawm txhua yam kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kuj siv rau feem ntau system, tab sis nrog ib tug binomial District.

Cov neeg sawv cev lub cev deputies tau muab lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau nominated rau tus tov hom. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation kev xaiv tsa yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv, thiab nyob rau hauv ib co thaj tsam ntawm lub ob yog tsim los pab: rau tus xov tooj ntawm cov neeg xaiv tsa (cov) thiab tus thawj tswj-hwv (nroog thiab cheeb tsam tsev kawm).