Lyceum Pushkin lub sij hawm. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin nyob rau hauv lub Lyceum lub sij hawm

Pushkin tsis raced rau kev tshoov siab. Nws yuav sau txhua lub sij hawm, nyob qhov twg - nyob rau hauv ib tug taug kev nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv lub vaj, thaum lub sij hawm thov Vajtswv. Nyob rau hauv lub paj huam "Kuv Aristarchus '16-xyoo-laus kws sau paj lug qhia yuav ua li cas nws cov kwv huam yog yug:" Xeeb, yoj tes koj ob txhais tes nyob rau hauv lub sib dhos mam li nco dheev pib hais lus. "

Nws ntaus tawm ib tug me nyuam tseem yau nco. Nws recalled tsuas Lyceum

Yog hais tias peb xav txog xws li ib tug tshaj plaws raws li ib tug biography ntawm Pushkin lyceum lub sij hawm - qhov no yog qhov chaw uas peb yuav tsum pib. Nws yog ib qhov theem ntawm lub neej qhia txog cov tsim ntawm ib tug classic nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov kws sau paj lug. Mus txog xya xyoo Pushkin loj hlob rho, sullen, ntsiag to, hulking nyuam tub hluas nrog npub ob lub qhov muag thiab lethargic tag nrho cov tshuaj. Tej zaum nws muab lub tswv yim ntawm yuav luag ruamqauj.

Thiab Sasha yog cia li muaj leej twg hlub tus me nyuam. Tsis yog ib tug nco rhiab tsis tau txais nws los ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv. Kho kindly thiab Cia Siab Osipovna thiab Sergeem Lvovichem twb muam Olga, thiab tshwj xeeb yog cov kwv yau Levushka. Yog hais tias yog vim li cas cov kwv huam ntawm Pushkin lyceum lub sij hawm tsis muaj rau cov duab ntawm ib tug hlub niam?

neeg ntiav zov menyuam thiab niam tais xwb

Thiab hais txog tus neeg ntiav zov menyuam Arina Rodionovna thiab nws tales ntawm Pushkin nyob rau hauv lub Lyceum lub sij hawm peb hnov. Muse nyob rau hauv cov paj huam "Npau Suav" zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm "Mammy." Nws yog inspired los ntawm kev puas ntawm Arina Rodionovna. Nws kuj tau los ua tus tsab nurse Orin Yegorovna nyob rau hauv lub tshiab "Dubrovsky".

Thiab nyob rau hauv-txoj cai Arina Nikita T., uas tau los ua "tus txiv ntxawm" thiab cov me nyuam tub hlub nws tsaug, nco tus ncaj ncees tub qhe Savelich ntawm "tus tauj ncov loj ntxhais." Kozlov, li ntawd, mob siab fond ntawm nws Barchuka Sashu lub neej tag nrho, yuav nrog nws nyob rau hauv nws lub xeem lus rau lub toj ntxas Svyatogorsk monastery. Cov neeg no yog ib co ntawm cov ob peb uas yeej menyuam lub kws sau paj lug raws li nws yog.

hmo ntuj nyeem ntawv

Cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais Pushkin yog ib tug ntse, vim hais tias nws muaj ib tug kws tu neeg mob nrog nws tus hlub, kev saib xyuas thiab fairy tales. Cuam tshuam thiab sib tham nrog nws pog Mary Alekseevnoj Hannibal, nyob rau hauv ib lub zos nyob qhov twg ib tug tub hluas twb siv lub caij ntuj sov.

Sasha tsis paub. Nws tsis zaum huddled nyob rau hauv ib lub ces kaum thiab khiav ib ncig ntawm lub chav tsev, dhia hla rooj zaum, luag kom nrov nrov. Kuv pib mus nyob tsis tau twjywm li, nyob tsis tau twjywm li. Los yog kooj, raws li nws yog hu ua ces tshuaj nyob rau Lyceum.

Paj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tau sawv ntxov. Nyob rau hauv yim xyoo, nws tau nyeem lawv liag thiab zoo sau. Thaum hmo ntuj, nyiag nws sneaks mus rau hauv nws txiv lub loj loj cov tsev qiv ntawv thiab thumbed los ntawm cov phau ntawv ntawm ancient sau phau ntawv, Fabkis, Lavxias teb sab. Nyob rau tib lub hnub nyoog nws pib sau. Tus thawj tej hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv Fabkis. Qhov no epigram rau lawv pab qhia ntawv thiab cov xib fwb. Raws li rau nws tus kwv Lev, nws muaj ib qho zoo heev nco, thiab nyob rau hauv 11 lub xyoos, "nws paub los ntawm lub plawv tag nrho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Fabkis."

"Kuv tsis paub dab tsi yuav tuaj tawm ntawm kuv tus tub xeeb ntxwv"

Yog li ntawd hais tias Maria A., uas hlub Sasha, thiab nws heev uas txuas mus rau nws. Nws txhawj xeeb yav tom ntej me nyuam tub. Tus tub xeeb ntxwv, tab sis yog tus neeg tua tsiaj yog rau phau ntawv, tab sis tsis zoo kawm. Lecturers complained hais tias nws tseem cua hlob, frivolous. Maria A. txhawj xeeb, yuav ua li cas yuav nws lub neej, yog hais tias nws yuav tsis hloov.

Ua tsaug rau Vajtswv, Sasha pauv lawm! Tab sis lub transformation nyob rau hauv demure tub hluas nrog ib tug ardent luv, coj tsev neeg ib tug ntau ntawm teeb meem. Nws yuav tsis tswj yus tus kheej tej pab qhia ntawv los yog cov niam txiv. Thiab kuv tau muaj lub tswv yim mus muab tus me nyuam mus rau lub nce tsev kawm ntawv ntawm nruj regime. Peb tau xaiv ib tug prestigious, tshiab khiv qhib Tsarskoye selo Lyceum.

12-xyoo-laus Sasha ntse dhau qhov nkag piab. Ntxiv mus, yog hais tias peb tham txog lub sij hawm ntawm Pushkin lyceum luv luv, ces nws rov qab nrog ib tug paj tau paj ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm lub neej vpechatleniyi paub gleaned los ntawm cov phau ntawv. Nws "cov thawj thiab invaluable phooj ywg," Ivan Puschin recalled hais tias lub bandmates xav tsis thoob rau kawm tau hais tias Alexander yog ua ntej ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob.

Heev thiab tsis hnov tus ntxhiab

Txawm li cas los, tsis muaj kev nruj yog tsis nyob rau hauv lub Lyceum. Txawm nchav nyob rau hauv Pushkin lyceum lub sij hawm tau muab tso tseg, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lwm yam kev kawm hauv tsev. Tag nrho cov cua yog mas thiab kev ywj pheej.

Teachings of kab civliv yog ib qho yooj yim. Cov xib fwb disliked Pushkin khoom tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau rau nws tsis qhia. Piv txwv li, ib tug xib fwb ntawm kev kawm txog zauv, kev paub txog tus cwj pwm ntawm Sasha rau no science, tsuas zhuril nws.

Tab sis lub Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws tej ntaub ntawv, Pushkin hlub. Thiab raws li ib txwm, kuv nyeem ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntawv tseeb, keeb kwm cov phau ntawv.

Cov phooj ywg-lyceum me nyuam kawm ntawv tsim lawv tus kheej tej kev sau ntawv voj voog. Ua handwritten cov phau ntawv Magazine, ua si ua si raws li nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm classics ntawm lub sij hawm.

Vim rau qhov no, Pushkin, lwm lub npe menyuam yaus uas yog Frenchman (raws li nws ci zoo nkaus cov lus paub), poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog lub hom lus. Yog li ntawd ntau npaum li ntawd nws thiaj li tsim lub neej tshiab nimno Lavxias teb sab style ntawm kev sau ntawv.

Kwv huam los ntawm Pushkin lyceum lub sij hawm - qhov no witty, apt epigrams, sketches, cov paj huam. Nws txawm pib cov paj huam "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila". Tab sis nws tiav lawm tsuas yog peb lub xyoos tom qab tawm hauv lub Lyceum - nyob rau hauv xyoo 1820.

"Kuv cov phooj ywg, peb zoo nkauj union!"

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv nws lub neej nws twb ncig los ntawm cov neeg uas muaj rau nws tus hwm thiab qhuas. "Kuv cov phooj ywg, peb zoo nkauj union!" - nws sau nyob rau hauv ib tug e classmate. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm Pushkin lyceum coj xws li ib qho tseem ceeb kev hloov nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, nws twb pom cov "khoom kim heev ntawm tib neeg kev sib txuas lus."

Nws cov khub nrog xibfwb Aleksandrom Kunitsynym, uas tau nyeem cia li 12 yam khoom, thiab Aleksandrom Galichem, ib tug xib fwb ntawm Latin thiab Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, hotly tham txog tus txheej xwm ntawm lub ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812. Nws pib ntawm ib lub xyoo tom qab lawv mus kawm rau hauv Lyceum. Ua ke, lawv tshawb nrhiav rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej, txhua nws tus kheej destiny, cov hauj lwm qhuab qhia ntawm lub siab lub hom phiaj.

tau muaj zoo li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv rau ib qho ntawm cov paj huam los yog sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm heev npaum li cas qhov chaw mob siab alma mater li Pushkin nws Lyceum. Xyoo tom qab ntawd nws yog txawm nyob rau tus ntawv sau ntawm "Eugene Onegin" pleev xim rau Lyceum.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv yog tso tawm nyob rau hauv nws cov kwv huam, thaum ntxov thiab lig, sau ntawv mus rau cov phooj ywg, nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm novels, imperishable, nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv hnub tseem ceeb.

"Nyob rau hauv lub vaj ntawm lub Lyceum los ua tus muse yuav kuv"

Lyceum Pushkin lub sij hawm ntawd kub ntev li rau xyoo, los ntawm 1811 mus 1817 xyoo. Sau tiag nws pib nyob rau hauv 13 lub xyoos. Thiab kuj kuv tau txais nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov sau tshooj. Nyob rau hauv lub Xya hli ntuj qhov teeb meem ntawm lub "Bulletin ntawm cov teb chaws Europe" xub tshwm sim ua hauj lwm 15-xyoo-laus kws sau paj lug, hu ua "Ntawm ib tug phooj ywg, tus kws sau paj lug." Txawm li cas los, nws muab tso rau lub pseudonym "Alexander N.k.sh.p.". Niaj hnub nimno linguists tau decipher nws: cov no twb lub consonants ntawm nws lub npe, tab sis nyob rau hauv rov qab kev txiav txim. Nyob rau hauv no yav tas tus neeg kos npe nws cov kwv huam, nws tus txiv ntxawm - Vasiliy Lvovich Pushkin. Nws tsuas cia li txawb tawm tag nrho cov ntawv niam - P.sh.k.n.

Kwv huam los ntawm Pushkin lyceum lub sij hawm, raws li ib tug zoo kawg connoisseur ntawm nws ua hauj lwm, Borisa Tomashevskogo, qhia hais tias nws siab mastered rau lub txheej txheem ntawm cov paj huam. Thiab nws tau sau nyob rau hauv lub 13 xyoo yog ib thaj av ntawm tag nrho cov, tig nyob rau hauv fortunes.

Hu 120 kwv huam

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub Lyceum nyob rau hauv Pushkin tsim ib tug ntau ntawm cov paj huam. Extant 120. Cov kev kawm yog cov sib txawv, los ntawm txoj kev hlub rau lub motherland, lub siab lub hom phiaj ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, mus txoj kev hlub ntawm ib tug poj niam. Nws kos inspiration los ntawm qhov txhia chaw. Thiab kuj, nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis paj huam ntawm XVII-XVIII centuries. Nws twb attracted cov tub hluas thiab Voltaire. Uas yog vim li cas tej hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin nyob rau hauv lub Lyceum lub sij hawm muab interweaving classical Fabkis thiab Lavxias teb sab.

Cov paj huam "Natalia", sau nyob rau hauv 1813, muaj ib tug kev lo lus uas peb. Qhov no fortress actress, uas nws tswv ntawm Tsarskoye selo yog suav Vladimir Tolstoy. Ib tug lyceum me nyuam kawm ntawv Pushkin nyob rau hauv Natalya yog nyob rau hauv kev hlub.

Lyceum nyob rau hauv Pushkin lub sij hawm txuam nrog ib tug loj loj tus naj npawb ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm yeej muaj tseeb friendship. Qhov no "Nyob rau Pushin I. thib kaum xya hnub yug," thiab "noj ib pluag mov me nyuam kawm ntawv", thiab kwv huam nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm nyiam cov xib fwb.

Los ntawm imitation Zhukovsky, uas mus rau Russia rau Romanticism, Lyceum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Pushkin lub neej yog yus muaj los ntawm kev sau ntawv elegies rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm unrequited kev hlub, kev sib cais, thaum ntxov lawm los ntawm lub neej. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov no tsis tiv thaiv fashionable imitation kws sau paj lug rau nws tus kheej nkaus rau indulge nyob rau hauv lub yeej ntawm ib tug hluas lub neej.

Friendship nrog tus poj

Lyceum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Pushkin lub neej nerazrvno txuam nrog lub advent ntawm cov kws sau paj lug lub neej no cov xib fwb uas tau txiav txim nws lub neej tom ntej txoj kev. Alexander coj "Arzamas" nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog ntawm uas sau ntawv. Lawv los ntawm UFW ntawm cov tshiab qauv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, "Karamzin". Nws implies zog nrog outdated kev cai thiab kev lis kev cai ntawm lub sau ntawv.

Pushkin tswv yim ties thiab kev phooj ywg nrog tseem ceeb paj huam ntawm lub sij hawm uas Vasiliem Zhukovskim thiab Petrom Vyazemskim. Thiab nws kuj tau paub los ntawm lawv.

Nws yog xav, dhau lawm, nqe Constantine Batiushkov - nrov wizard "lub teeb nqe". Thaum lub sij hawm tawm mus koj sau ntawv, cov tub ntxhais kws sau paj lug tsis yig kom xa ib cov lus rau maitre. Nws twb hu ua "K Batyushkov". Yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas thiaj li zoo hais tias ib tug nyeem ntawv, tuaj mus rau lub Lyceum kom tau raws li tus sau. Tab sis tom qab ib tug tham txog cov lus nyob rau cov kwv huam ntawm ib tug hluas kws sau paj lug, Pushkin hais tias lwm cov lus: "Brad rau nws txoj kev. Seb leej twg nrog nws. "

"Cov laus txiv neej Derzhavin pom peb"

Nws lyrics yog tsis siab nws tus kheej-txaus, ntau imitative. Nyob rau hauv nws ib tug ntau ntawm cliches, cliches. Tab sis, tawm hauv chamber paj huam, Pushkin twb twv mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm civil suab. Qhov no, saum toj no tag nrho, lub zoo-paub "Memoirs nyob rau hauv Tsarskoye selo." Lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog mob siab rau mus rau lub Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812.

Paj Huam hluas Pushkin nyeem nyob rau hauv txawv txawv tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1815 nyob rau Lyceum ncaav ib qho qhib kev kuaj mob nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus Askiv rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tau tas thawj xyoo mus rau lub thib ob. Nws yog yuav tsum tau nyeem lawv tus kheej tej hauj lwm.

Nyob rau kev kuaj mob qhua ua raug caw. Nyob rau hauv lub nrog ntau spectators, ntawm chav kawm - niam txiv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv thiab ib tug heev nto moo Gavriil Derzhavin.

Mloog Pushkin, tus yawg koob twb ntes tau. "Yog, nws yeej muaj tseeb paj huam!" - nws qw hais tias nrog lub kua muag nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm tus sau xav mus rau puag raws li ib tug tsim nyog successor. Tab sis Sasha yog txaj muag thiab khiav mus lawm.

Brad rau nws txoj kev

Yam ntxwv nta ntawm Pushkin lyceum lub sij hawm yog kom meej meej pom nyob rau hauv cov paj huam "Licinius", uas cim lub neej ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Russia coj los ntawm tus despot Arakcheyev. Cov kws sau paj lug sau zaj dab neeg "Bova", hais tej hauj lwm ntawm paj huam "ntseeg", "Napoleon rau Elba" - nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub huab tais txoj kev khiav los ntawm cov kob. Thiab epigrams. Piv txwv li, "Ob tug ntawm Aleksandram Pavlovicham." Ntawm no nws piv qhov Tsar Alexander kuv c ntawm nws namesake, qhia ntawm lub ntsej muag - "cowardly thiab dev tsoob ruam."

Yuav kom saib lub ntsab lug luv luv Pushkin lyceum lub sij hawm, ces tsawg thiab tsawg nyob rau hauv nws cov imitative paj huam, ntau so ib bold, tshiab thiab muaj zog lub suab.

Tseem ua ntej ntawm cov masterpieces uas yuav tsum tau hu ua Alexander Sergeyevich, "lub hnub ntawm peb cov paj huam." Cuaj kaum, nws yog ib lub kws sau paj lug lub yau xyoo twb lub hauv paus, vim uas nws tau txais nws lub tswv yim ntawm yeej muaj tseeb cov ntaub ntawv.