Lub xeev ib ncig ntawm Russia. Cheeb Tsam, pejxeem, cheeb tsam

Lub xeev chaw uas zoo heev - yog lub feem ntawm ntau terrestrial nto tau tuaj nyob rau hauv lub sovereignty ntawm ib tug lub teb chaws. Nws muaj xws li lub teb chaws, lub subsoil, sab hauv thiab hwv dej (12 kilometers ntawm lub ntug dej hiav txwv), raws li zoo raws li lub huab cua qhov chaw (nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm aircraft davhlau). Lwm kos npe rau ntawm lub xeev lub teb chaws - ib qho ciam teb nrog lwm lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb yuav tsom xam nyob rau hauv kom meej li cas ib lub xeev lub teb chaws ntawm Russia, thiab yog dab tsi nta paub qhov txawv nws cov pejxeem.

Ib me ntsis keeb kwm

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm Russia yog ntxiv txhua xyoo. Thaum sib txawv lub sij hawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation tau hloov ntau lub sij hawm nws tus kheej kev txwv. Lawv supplemented los ntawm cov tas li ntawd ntawm thaj av tshiab. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau peb lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.

Thawj lub sij hawm - XV XVI-centuries. Rau ntawm no theem, lub hauv paus tsim cheeb tsam. Tsim Muscovy. Thaum lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv Moscow, tuaj koom lub Yaroslavl nqi zog, Tver, Perm cheeb tsam thiab Nizhny Novgorod.

Ob txhais lub sij hawm - XVI-XVII centuries. Rau ntawm no theem lub State Lavxias teb sab chaw uas zoo heev supplemented Kazan, Samara, Volgograd, Ufa, Kiev, rau sab laug-bank Ukraine thiab Penza.

Peb lub sij hawm - XVIII-XIX centuries. Rau ntawm no theem, lub Lavxias teb sab Federation los ua ib tug faj tim teb chaws. Ua Orenburg thiab Troitsk.

cheeb tsam lub xeev

Tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab cheeb tsam yog hais txog 12% ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Lavxias teb sab Federation, raws li zoo raws li ua ntej lub Union Soviet - ib lub xeev uas muaj cov loj tshaj plaws lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws feem ntau huab point - nws Vistula nto qaub ncaug, Big Diomede, Cape Dezhnev, ib tug outbuilding thiab Chelyuskin.

Tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab cheeb tsam ntawm 17,125 lab square kilometers. Niaj hnub no nws yog 76% ntawm cov qub Soviet Union. Kuj ceeb tias, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation muaj ntau tshaj li ib lub teb lub sij hawm aav. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias, piv txwv li, lub westernmost taw tes thiab deb li cas los rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub caij nyoog nruab nrab ntau tshaj plaub txhiab kilometers.

Lavxias teb sab chaw muaj nyob rau ntawm ob continents. Qhov thib peb ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation yog nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, thiab tus so nyob rau hauv Asia. Qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm ib lub teb chaws.

Cov kev tswj division ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation

Lub ntsiab ncig ntawm Russia yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv 21 ntawm lub koom pheej thiab 3 tsoom fwv teb chaws lub zos thiab 46 cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation tseem muaj 9 regions thiab 1 autonomous koom pheej. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv 2014 rau lub xeev kuj tuaj koom lub Crimean ceg av qab teb. Txog qhov no, Zog ntawm Guj kuj muaj ob tug tshiab kev kawm - nws yog ib lub koom pheej ntawm Crimea thiab tsoom fwv teb chaws lub nroog ntawm Sevastopol.

Ib thaj tsam ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation rau hauv daim ntawv qhia

Ib thaj tsam ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no daim ntawv qhia - ib tug kab thiab pass rau nws ntsug chaw. Lawv txhais cov kev txwv ntawm cov teb chaws ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation. Raws li hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, Russia tau ciam teb rau lwm nrog 16 lub teb chaws. Kuj ceeb tias, tus slowness ntawm lub xeev ciam teb yog tshaj 50 txhiab kilometers.

Ob xyoos dhau los rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab ciam teb rau hauv daim ntawv qhia txhab. Twb tau nyob rau Cuaj hlis 2014 luam tawm ib tshiab version ntawm daim ntawv qhia nrog rau cov Crimean ceg av qab teb, uas yog ib tug ib feem ntawm Russia ob lub xyoos dhau los.

National muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Lavxias teb sab pejxeem

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation yog lub tsev mus rau tshaj 100 txawv haiv neeg minorities. Txhua yus muaj los ntawm nws tus kheej kab lis kev cai thiab qhov tseem ceeb. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub Lavxias teb sab Federation yog xav tau multi-ethnic lub teb chaws. Kiag li tag nrho cov neeg nyob rau hauv Russia muaj cai ib yam nkaus, thiab ib co ntawm lawv muaj txawm statehood.

Qhov tseem heev heev lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation - yog Lavxias teb sab. Lawv ua ntau tshaj 80% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem. Lavxias teb sab pejxeem nyob rau hauv ib tug kiag li tag nrho cov qhov chaw hauv lub teb chaws. Lawv yog mej zeej ntawm lub Eastern Slavs. Qhov no pab pawg neeg kuj muaj xws li lub Belarusians thiab Ukrainians. Lawv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Western thiab yav qab teb sab ntawm lub teb chaws.

Finns, Turks thiab ugortsy

Tseem lwm cov neeg nyob ntawm Russia - nws yog ib lub Finns. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, lawv nyob rau hauv sab nraud cov cheeb tsam tsev. Los ntawm lub Finnish pab pawg neeg muaj Finns, Estonians thiab Karelians. Lawv nyob rau sab qaum teb-sab ntawm Russia. Far North lub Lavxias teb sab Federation inhabited ugortsy. Cov no yog cov Khanty thiab Mansi.

Lwm heev heev lus pab pawg neeg uas nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw uas zoo heev ntawm Russia - yog lub Turks. Lawv yog cov Tatars, Bashkirs thiab Yakuts. Feem ntau cov feem ntau heev, lawv nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm lub xeev. Number of Tatars nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog ntau tshaj li 5 lab, Bashkirs - 2 lab, thiab Yakuts - 390,000.

Raws li peb piav ua ntej lawm, ib tug ntau ntau yam ntawm lub teb chaws minorities nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation. Tag nrho cov lus muaj cai. Txawm li cas los, lub xeev yog Lavxias teb sab. Los ntawm txoj kev, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation yog lub tsev mus rau tshaj 150 txawv haiv neeg.

Cov kev cai dab qhuas muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation

Cov feem nrov kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation yog cov ntseeg Vajtswv. Tus nab npawb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev yog 74% ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab pejxeem. Cov no muaj xws Catholics, Protestants thiab Orthodox.

Lwm loj kev cai dab qhuas denomination nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation yog Islam. Tus xov tooj ntawm cov neeg nyob nrog ib tug kev ntseeg yog 7%.

Lavxias teb sab xeev teb chaws, raws li peb hais tias ua ntej lawm, yog densely populated nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev cai dab qhuas faiths. Peb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov neeg coj Buddhism. Niaj hnub no, cov xov tooj ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm qhov kev ntseeg yog 400 lab. Cuaj hlis 26, 1997 nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Constitution tau txais ib tug decree "Nyob rau hauv txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev xaiv ntawm kev ntseeg." Cov nqi no tso cai rau koj los mus xaiv koj tus kheej denomination.

Cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation

Lavxias teb sab xeev teb chaws muaj xws li 89 cheeb tsam. Txhua yam ntawm lawv nws muaj nws chaw ua hauj lwm. Raws li statistics, lub xyoo no, lub feem ntau densely populated cheeb tsam yog lub Moscow thiab Moscow cheeb tsam. Number of nyob muaj ntau tshaj 15 lab cov pej xeem. Qhov thib ob qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm yuav siv sij hawm Krasnodar cheeb tsam. Number of qhua yog 5 lab.

Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov tsoom fwv teb chaws tsev kawm ntawv, feem ntau densely populated nws yog tus Central. Nws yog lub tsev mus rau ze li ntawm 40 lab cov neeg nyob. Ob txhais qhov chaw mus rau lub Volga Federal District. Muaj tsev rau ib co 29 lab cov neeg.

Cov nab npawb ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation

Tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation rau hnub tim yog 146 lab inhabitants. Nws yuav tsum tau nyuab siab hais tias qhov no daim duab muaj ntau zog los 0,18% ntawm xyoo tas los. Kom tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam tsuas yog lub Volga. Qhov tseem hnov nce nyob rau hauv cov pejxeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Crimean ceg av qab teb. Muaj feem pua ntawm cov neeg nyob nce los ntawm 1.25% ntau tshaj tas los xyoo.

Ob peb cov neeg paub, tab sis ua recalculation ntawm cov pejxeem yuav tsis tau rau hauv lub xyoo 2014. Qhov no yog vim qhov sib ntxiv ntawm lub ob tug tshiab chaw. Raws li peb hais ua ntej lawm, nws yog ib lub koom pheej ntawm Crimea thiab Sevastopol. Hais txog pejxeem txoj kev loj hlob, peb yuav tsis hais txog kev yug me nyuam statistics. Nws tus nqi yog 13 neonates 1 txhiab inhabitants.

Nyob rau hauv 2014, ib tug nthuav xam twb tau soj xyuas. Rosstat calculated rau tam sim no lub neej expectancy. Raws li statistics, niaj hnub no nws yog ib tug nruab nrab ntawm 73 xyoo. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov pej xeem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation yog faib heev unevenly. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob rau cov nyob sab Europe sab av loj. Nws yog tsuas 20% ntawm tag nrho ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation.

National txoj cai

Nkag siab txog cov teb chaws txoj cai yuav pab tau peb cov tsab xov xwm thiab geography. Lub ib ncig ntawm Russia yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev cai dab qhuas kev ntseeg ntuj thiab lub teb chaws minorities. Yuav luag txhua yam ntawm lawv wondering cai nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation yog pej xeem ntawm lwm lub teb chaws. Raws li cov Lavxias teb sab Constitution, saws nyob rau hauv 1996, lub xeev guarantees tsis koob pheej ntawm lawv, tsis hais haiv neeg, kev cai dab qhuas thiab cov lus qhia tias yog leejtwg. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua txhua tus pej xeem muaj cai hais lawv hom lus. Nyob rau nws, nws tseem yuav tau txais thiab kev kawm.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation rau cov qib zoo rau tej haiv neeg. Qhov no yog paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm tsab xov xwm 29 ntawm lub Constitution. Cov cai qhia rau txim rau txoj kev ua txhaum. Qhov no yog ib punitive pom, uas yog los ntawm 100 mus rau 300 txhiab rubles, los yog raug kaw mus txog peb xyoos. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws nws yog 5 xyoos. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo lub Lavxias teb sab tsoom fwv yog xav tias yuav cov kev xaiv ntawm zawm ntsuas, thiab tau nyob rau hauv cov nqi yuav sai sai no tuaj rau hauv cov hlab.

Muaj lub teb chaws lus

Raws li peb hais ua ntej lawm, lub Lavxias teb sab Federation chaw uas zoo heev yog densely populated nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm lub teb chaws minorities. Rau xyoo dhau los, Rosstat ua census. Raws li statistics, 94% ntawm cov neeg txawj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus. Nyob rau hauv 2002 lawv muaj pes tsawg muaj 99%.

Cov coob coob ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm lwm haiv, leej twg nyob rau hauv Guj kuj thiab hais lus Lavxias teb sab, yog Chechens. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov pej xeem twb surveyed nyob rau hauv 2010. Rosstat sim xyuas seb dab tsi yam lus uas lawv xav txog lawv haiv neeg. Raws li statistics, ntau tshaj 5% ntawm lwm haiv neeg Lavxias teb sab pej xeem xav txog lawv tus kheej cov lus.

Yuav kom saib lub ntsab lug

Raws li peb hais ua ntej lawm, lub Lavxias teb sab Federation - ib tug multinational lub teb chaws. Qhov no yog due rau lub fact tias lub xeev muaj ib tug txaus loj cheeb tsam. Lavxias teb sab Federation yog bordered los ntawm 16 lub teb chaws. Lavxias teb sab tsoom fwv heev loyal thiab nyiaj pej xeem ntawm lwm haiv neeg. Muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov nqi kho mob uas ua lawv cov nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation xis. Ntxiv mus, nws yog nyob rau hauv Russia muaj tsis tau tsuas yog 11 lub sij hawm aav, tab sis kuj sib txawv climatic ib ncig chaw. Yog hais tias koj xav hloov koj lub xeev thiab tsiv mus nyob rau cov Lavxias teb sab Federation, koj yuav xyuam xim ua tau li ntawd. Tom qab ntawd peb saib xyuas ntawm txhua tus, tsis hais haiv neeg los yog kev ntseeg.