Lub revolt rau lub cruiser "Ochakov" (1905) raws li nws yog

Niaj hnub no nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam yuav ua li cas lub loj loj tej chaw enjoyed nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub Soviet duab ntawm legendary Lavxias teb sab rog lieutenant PP Schmidt. Nws biography paub tag nrho cov Soviet cov me nyuam xav yuav zoo li lub legendary revolutionary, thiab cov revolt ntawm cov neeg coob ntawm tus cruiser "Ochakov" twb ntaus nqi raws li ib tug zoo kawg nkaus page nyob rau hauv lub revolutionary keeb kwm thiab ib tug harbinger ntawm cov kev kovyeej ntawm tib neeg lub hwj chim.

Yog vim li cas tsis nco qab lawm nros lieutenant

Nyob rau hauv ib qho era ntawm mature socialism ntawm lub kws pheej faav xeeb tub ceev xwm, leej twg coj mutinies, kuj nkawd yuav tsum tsis nco qab lawm, tab sis nco ntsoov hais tias tsis tshua muaj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab lwm "revolutionary", tus thawj coj ntawm peb qib Sablin, ze li ntawm coj lub Soviet loj antisubmarine nkoj "Watchdog" nyob rau hauv Sweden (1975), thawb cov thawj coj ntawm lub USSR nom tswv xav tau. Cov kev zoo sib thooj ntawm cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ob tug uprisings, sib cais los ntawm ib lub sij hawm luv ntawm xya caum, nyob rau hauv ib lub siab, muab pov ib tug duab ntxoov ntxoo nyob rau hauv lub Lieutenant Schmidt. Feem ntau cov paub yog cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv lub "Potemkin".

Ob tug zoo xws li cov uprising

Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm lub caij socialist menyuam kawm ntawv pores mixed ob lub sijhawm uas nws uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab rog nyob rau hauv lub midst ntawm Lavxias teb sab-Japanese kev tsov kev rog. Nyob rau battleship "Tub huabtais Potemkin Tauride," resentment sailors phem noj mov tig mus rau hauv ib pab laib, ua raws li los ntawm kev ua phem thiab cov neeg raug. Neeg khiav dej num poob deg nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv thiab txi nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev, ces pib artillery rounds ntawm Odessa. Lub nkoj nyob rau hauv Romania, qhov twg nws interned, thiab pab neeg no - disbanded.

Ib yam dab tsi uas zoo sib xws tshwm sim nyob rau Sevastopol, thiab tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub "Ochakovo", tab sis nyob rau lwm yam ships ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv Fleet. Qhov txawv yog tias, ntawm tag nrho cov rebels nyob rau Odessa tua nyob rau hauv keeb kwm los xwb neeg tsav nkoj Vakulenchuk tua ib tug tub ceev xwm thaum sim mus zuaj lub rebellion. Lub revolt rau lub cruiser "Ochakov" mus los ntawm ib tug tub ceev xwm, ib tug spokesman rau Naval Tsarist Lavxias teb sab cov neeg tseem ceeb. Nws yog kev nco txog lub spectacular thiab cos messaging thiab taw xov rau huab tais. Thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg raug nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no yog ntau dua.

keeb kwm keeb kwm yav dhau

Zog ntawm Guj kuj - lub teb chaws yog loj loj. Nyob rau nws lub teb chaws ntawm neighboring States tau yeej ib txwm hankered tom qab, xav mus lob ib tug me ntsis nyob rau hauv lawv cov haum. Far kev hem thawj los ntawm Nyiv. Nyob rau hauv 1904, lub tswv yim los nthuav lub hwv cov khoom escalated rau hauv tag nrho-scale hostilities. Thaum ntawd Russia yog npaj txhij, tab sis lub teb chaws tus coj noj coj coj rov tsis ceev ceev txaus. Cuaj kaum, tus dej nyob rau hauv ib ob peb xyoo twb launched haib cruisers tsis ntev los no tej yaam num.

Series kuv ships nyob qib muaj "Heroes", "Oleg" thiab "Kagul". Newest tiv thaiv cruisers ntawm peb tes num yog "Ochakov". Cov ships twb speedboat muaj ib tug muaj zog artillery riam phom, thiab tau raws li tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm naval science nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm. Cov neeg coob ntawm txhua yog hais txog 565 sailors. Cruiser yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Fatherland nyob rau hauv txawv seas ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman.

Tsov rog nrog Nyiv

Tsov rog nrog Nyiv twb muaj li tsis zoo. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog ob peb - los ntawm tsis zoo kawm troops rau tej yam yooj yim hmoov phem qhia nyob rau hauv lo lus tsis Admiral Makarov rau hauv txoj kev ntawm chaw nres nkoj Arthur. Muaj yog ib tug Japanese txawj ntse thiab kev ua si, manifested nyob rau hauv lub kev undermining lub defensive hwj chim ntawm Russia thiab fueling txoj kev xav ntawm discontent. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, ib tug yuav cam hais tias ib tug txawv teb chaws txawj ntse lub koom haum tau tsa ib revolt rau lub cruiser "Ochakov". Hnub Kaum ib hlis 13 cim lub hnub thaum lub nkoj tshuav cov tub ceev xwm, tsiv mus rau qhov no tsis mloog Vajtswv lus rau pab neeg no thiab cov kev ntshai ntawm raug tua. Tsis muaj ib tug tsom xam ntawm yav dhau los txheej xwm yog tsis yooj yim sua kom to taub qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub riot.

Yuav ua li cas nws tag nrho cov pib

Nws tag nrho cov pib rov qab nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj, thaum lub sij hawm lub All-Lavxias teb sab nom tswv strike. Los ntawm Workers no nom tswv txiav txim Japanese txawj ntse, ntawm chav kawm, tus cwj pwm yog, txawm hais tias tsis decisive. Lub unrest coj qhov chaw, xws li nyob rau hauv lub Crimea. Kev tsheb ciav hlau strike, neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm printing tsev, lub tsev txhab nyiaj thiab ntau lwm yam lag luam. huab tais ntawm cov manifesto ntawm Lub kaum hli ntuj 17 yog tsis txias lub ardor ntawm lub tua hluav taws rau civil liberties, on qhov tsis tooj, lawv tau txais daim ntawv no raws li ib tug kos npe rau ntawm tsis muaj zog. Lieutenant Schmidt hais nyob rau ntawm qhov rally. Nyob rau hauv lub dispersal ntawm tus qauv qhia, yim neeg raug tua, rau feem ntau ntawm lieutenant cov lwm instigators ntawm lub riots twb puas tau raug ntes, tab sis twb nyob rau lub kaum hli ntuj 19, Schmidt mus koom ib lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub City Council raws li ib tug delegate los ntawm cov neeg. Thaum no tus taw tes hwj chim Sevastopol zoo tau tsiv mus rau lub rebels, qhov kev txiav txim tswj los ntawm ib tug tib neeg lub militia, tsis yog ib tug tsim nyog tub ceev xwm. Tom qab ntawd, Schmidt yuav hais lus rau lub ntees tuag ntawm cov neeg uas raug tus crackdown thiab yuav xa ib tug fiery hais lus. Nws tau tam sim ntawd rov puas tau raug ntes thiab ua ntej lub kaum ib hlis 14, muaj nyob rau hauv lub battleship "Peb Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg" nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm official embezzlement. Nws twb tso tawm thaum lub uprising nyob rau hauv lub cruiser "Ochakov" thiab ob peb lwm yam ships ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv Fleet twb tshwm sim.

Yuav ua li cas yog Schmidt

Petr Petrovich Shmidt ua neej nyob tau 38 xyoo, tab sis nws txoj hmoo ces thiaj li generously uas muaj ntau yam txheej xwm, los mus piav qhia nws yuav siv sij hawm ib phau ntawv, tej zaum, tsis muaj ib tug. Lub cim ntawm nros lieutenant yog yooj yim, thiab nws ua yuav tau hu ua teeb meem, yog hais tias tsis guessed ib co logic nyob rau hauv lawv. Los ntawm thaum yau, Peter raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ib tug kev puas hlwb, uas tsis tawm hauv nws tag nrho nws lub neej - kleptomania. Ices nws yog ib tug me nyuam, nyob rau hauv lub junior npaj chav kawm ntawv ntawm lub Naval College, tus tub hluas pib mus nyiag tej yam me me los ntawm lwm tus menyuam kawm. Tom qab kawm tiav, txhua leej txhua tus uas paub tus tub hluas pom nws phem heev npau taws thiab txob taus, tshwm sim los ntawm hypertrophic tau hais khov kho. Thaum lub sij hawm nws kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub Navy, nws sov ua licas tswj kom yuav ib tug niam ntiav Dominica Pavlova, uas ua tswvcuab nws mus Michael Stavrakis (los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog nws leej twg nyob rau hauv 1906 yuav hais kom tiav Schmidt). Tsuas yog lub keeb kwm ntawm glorious naval tsev neeg tsis tau ib zaug, tsis ob zaug rua cov tub hluas los ntawm lub ntiab tawm ntawm lub fleet.

Rau tag nrho nws cov faults tub ceev xwm muaj ib tug zoo kawg nkaus muaj peev xwm mus pes tsawg sciences, zoo mastered navigation thiab lwm yam maritime kev txawj ntse, nws hlub mus ua si qhov Cello. Tom qab nkag mus rau hauv lub nyob qib Midshipman tub ceev xwm Peter Schmidt tau txais tawm - thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib lub Hoobkas ntawm ua liaj ua teb cov cuab yeej. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws muab nws yog vim li cas yuav tau xav txog nws tus kheej raws li ib tug txiv neej uas paub lub neej ntawm cov neeg. Thaum lub sij hawm los mus ua nto moo, nws coj ib tug revolt rau lub cruiser "Ochakov" - nyob rau hauv 1905 los ua nws cov sidereal lub sij hawm.

lub banner ntawm cov rebels

Official Soviet historiography sib cav hais tias tus txheej xwm ntawm 1905 yog ib tug loj kev nom kev tswv thiab economic puag, tab sis yog hais tias tsis muaj ib tug decisive ib tus tub ceev xwm, lawv yuav tsis tau, yam tsawg kawg nyob rau hauv Sevastopol. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ib tug revolt rau lub cruiser "Ochakov" npaj thiab siv ntawm tag nrho cov Schmidt, thiab cov poob siab pab pawg neeg, muaj raws ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm lub underground Bolshevik NG Antonenko, SP privateers thiab A. I. Gladkova. Lawv obviously xav tau ib tug neeg nyiam ib tug tej yam kev nplua nuj thiab hnav naval uniform. Nyob rau eloquent tub ceev xwm pom feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los hnub ntawm lub revolt. Yog li ntawd Schmidt los ua ib tug neeg ciaj "yog banner." Qhov no luag hauj lwm nws obviously nyiam.

Raws li Schmidt txib cov fleet

Lub revolt rau lub cruiser "Ochakov" coj qhov chaw nyob rau lub kaum ib hlis 13 thiab kaum ib hlis 14 twb tuaj txog rau ntawm lub nkoj freed los ntawm dungeons lieutenant, twb hnav epaulets tus tauj ncov loj ntawm lub thib ob plaws. Muaj yog ib qho kev piav qhia: nyob rau hauv raws li lub rooj ntawm ibyam tom ntej tom qab lub lieutenant yog raws nraim lub npe, thiab nyob so hauj lwm, nws yuav tsum tau muab txiav. Txawm li cas los, lub mere fact tias ib tug fighter tiv thaiv cov autocracy yog li ntawd zoo rau tus zoo ibyam thiab cov grades, hais tias ib tug ntau. Leej twg tuaj txog rau ntawm lub nkoj tub ceev xwm tam sim ntawd kom otsemaforit nws accession rau tus ncej ntawm commander ntawm tag nrho cov fleet, thiab muab huab tais ib tug xov xav tau kev nom kev tswv kho. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tau mus xyuas ob peb cov tub rog cov chav nyob thiab ntse ntxias kom cov crews los pab txhawb lub insurgents.

Grigorieva version

Lub fact tias cov tub rog hiav txwv hais kom sai li sai tau kom tus tam sim ntawd thiab ruthless tsuj ntawm lub rebellion, tsis muaj dab tsi amazing tsis yog. Tab sis cov no cov txheej xwm, muaj lwm lwm yog vim li cas uas tso cai rau ib tug me ntsis txawv perceive lawv. Lub npe nrov historian Anatoly Grigoriev ntawm lub uprising nyob rau hauv "Ochakovo" tau sau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom uas nws yuav ntshiab rau lub extraordinary thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev txiav txim rigidity. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias tus ntxeev siab ships yuav luag tam sim ntawd qhib hnyav hluav taws, uas txuas ntxiv tom qab lub sib ntaus los lub hom phiaj yog yuav luag tiav, thiab cov kuj yog suppressed. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub cruiser yuav tsis muab tag nrho cov Repulse, raws li kev ua hauj lwm rau nws twb tsis tau tau tiav - nws yog nyob rau hauv cov theem ntawm tiav thiab muaj riam phom, uas yog, ntawm chav kawm, txhua leej txhua tus paub.

Version yog raws li nram no: nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub yav tas los launched nyob rau hauv lub nkoj "Hercules" series, lub Lavxias teb sab cruiser "Ochakov" ua tau heev heev kev ua txhaum ntawm technology, thiab kev tsim kho tau tau nrog los ntawm cov kev tsim txom ntawm txoj cai, qhia nyob rau hauv ib txwm embezzlement. Cov neeg muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv no txhaum cai kev dag, nrhiav mus nkaum qhov ib co kua nplaum. Thaum lub uprising pib ntawm qhov cruiser "Ochakov", lawv coj nws raws li ib lub caij nyoog uas yuav tau tshem ntawm cov pov thawj, uas yog tus neeg mob-fated nkoj. Cov tau ntau casualties thiab mob kev puas tsuaj rau lub nkoj. Tog nws thiab ua tsis tau tejyam - txawm nyiag, ua rau peb lub siab nrog tus huab tais.

tau

Niaj hnub no nws tseem tau los paub ib tug siab ntau yam, raws li nws yog. Lub revolt rau lub cruiser "Ochakov", zoo li ntau lwm tus neeg mob ntawm loj tsis mloog lus nyob rau hauv cov tub rog thiab rog, yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm subversive ua ub no ntawm cov Social-ywj pheej Party, strove nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev uas tsis muaj zog hauv lub tsarist Russia txawm nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov tub rog xwb. Teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, ntawm chav kawm, lawv. Ntxiv mus, lawv yog thiab yeej yuav nyob rau hauv txhua lub teb chaws. Yog hais tias txaus siab-zoo khoom noj khoom haus yog qhov ua rau ntawm lub rebellion (thiab nyiaj ntawm seafarers nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, yeej ib txwm tau zoo heev, txawm los ntawm hnub no tus qauv), lub teb chaws tus thawj coj yuav tsum xav hais tias ib qho nyuaj thiab yuav coj ceev thiab drastic ntsuas kom tiv thaiv kom txhob xws teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Txawm tias txoj kev tuag ua ke tiv thaiv cov instigators (Schmidt, Gladkov, thiab Antonenko Chastnik raug tua nyob rau hauv Berezan), loj cov lus xaus twb tsis tau ua li cas. Muaj ntau ntau lwm yam tragic cov txheej xwm, hu ua tus thawj Lavxias teb sab kiv puag ncig, ib feem ntawm uas yog ib lub uprising nyob rau hauv lub cruiser "Ochakov". Lub hnub "1905" ces tag nrho cov xim nyob rau hauv cov ntshav liab xim.