Lub philosophy ntawm ancient Is Nrias teb

Lub hauv paus ntawm Indian philosophy tsim lub Vedas (vaj lug kub), thiab lub tawm tswv yim rau lawv. Cov phau ntawv yog cov hiob monument nyob rau hauv lub Indo-Aryan kab lis kev cai. lawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th BC. e. Nws twb ntseeg tau tias lub Vedas tau yeej ib txwm muaj, thiab tsis muaj ib tug tau puas tau tsim. Uas yog vim li cas cov dawb ceev phau ntawv yuav tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog sau nyob rau hauv lub mystical lus (Sanskrit). Nrog kev pab los ntawm nws ntug communicates nrog txiv neej.

Part ntawm lub Vedas hais recordings ntawm kev tshwm sim ntawm cosmic tseeb. "Shroud" yog muaj rau cov neeg initiates. "Smriti" (lwm tus ib feem ntawm tus dawb huv phau ntawv) yog ib tug nruj heev heev ntawv rau tsawg gifted neeg (neeg ua hauj lwm, cov poj niam, cov mej zeej ntawm lub qis kawm ntawv (castes). Nyob rau hauv kev, lub Indian dabneeg Mahabharata thiab Ramayana yog "smriti".

Lub philosophy ntawm ancient Is Nrias teb qhia ib lub tswvyim xws li 'Karma'. Nws twb ntseeg tau tias Karma - yog txoj cai ntawm cov nyhuv thiab ua. Tag nrho cov nyob ntawm seb nws, txawm cov gods.

Lub philosophy ntawm ancient Is Nrias teb, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov philosophical pawg, muaj lub tswv yim hais tias txhua yam uas nyob ib ncig ib tug neeg yog ib qho illusion. tib neeg ignorance txhawb rau nws illusory conception ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Nws hu ua no sawv cev - Maya.

Tsoos Indian philosophical cov tsev kawm ntawv raug muab faib ua Orthodox (nram qab no nruj me ntsis raws li nyob rau hauv ancient tej lus qhia) thiab lub orthodox lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tus thawj pom tau hais tias cov cai ntawm lub Vedas.

Mus rau orthodox lub tsev kawm ntawv yog lub Nyaya. Raws li qhov kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas lub ntiaj teb no muaj. Tib neeg kev txawj ntse twb nqa tawm los ntawm lub tsib tsis totaub. Lub philosophy ntawm ancient Is Nrias teb qhia nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv no, uas tag nrho cov mus tshaj qhov txhia - tsis muaj nyob. Paub plaub qhov chaw ntawm kev txawj ntse: reasoning, xaav, kev sib piv, lo lus thiab txoj cai.

Lwm orthodox lub tsev kawm ntawv yog Vaisheshika. Nws twb nrhiav tau Rishi Canada. Nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv no ntawm philosophy nyob rau hauv ancient Is Nrias teb pom tau hais tias lub hav zoov ntawm ob worlds: lub paub tab paub xav thiab lub supersensible. Lwm tag nrho cov tau indivisible hais (atoms). qhov chaw uas muaj cov ether (Ākāśa) therebetween. Kev loj hlob atoms yog Brahman. Qhov no philosophy kuj pom tau hais tias ob qhov chaw ntawm kev txawj ntse: xaav thiab kev xav.

Hauv plawv ntawm mimamsa (lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm philosophy) kuj yog txoj cai ntawm tus dawb huv phau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv no ntawm philosophers ntawm ancient Is Nrias teb siab rau qhov tseeb txhais lus ntawm cov vaj lug kub (Vedas), raws li zoo raws li qhov tseem ceeb piav nyob rau hauv cov kab ke.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog philosophy ntawm ancient Is Nrias teb, Sankhya tsev kawm ntawv muaj tuaj nyob rau hauv lub nco ntsoov ntawm materiality thiab objectivity ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Cov kev qhia ntawm yoga yog ib tug system ntawm cov tswv yim ua. Lawv coj kom paub txog qhov tsis yog. Mob siab rau txoj kev qhia ntawm tej yam kev tsav tsheb quab yuam nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm liberation.

Cov unorthodox philosophies yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg ib tug neeg materialism. Lokayady (cov tsev kawm ntawv) yuav tsis kam lees qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib tug ntiaj teb no ntseeg. Lawv pom tau hais tias muaj tsuas yog dab tsi yog muaj (tus ntsuj plig - lub cev). Lub neej hom phiaj, raws li qhov no tej lus qhuab qhia, yog kom muab tau cov pleasures.

Teachings of Jainism txais nyob mus ib txhis, uncreated substance. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog ib qho zog cab kuj thiab muaj ib tug hnyav thiab yooj yim zog. Jainism qhia tias atoms ntawm txawv tes taw hnyav li dab tsi rau cov tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no. Indivisible hais coalesce rau hauv tej yam. Raws li qhov no tej lus qhuab qhia, muaj tsuas yog tswg teeb meem thiab tus ntsuj plig. Cov yooj yim hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub philosophy tsev kawm ntawv yog tsis muaj mob yam uas muaj sia.

Cov kev qhia ntawm Buddhism assumed plaub txog tej kev tseeb: lub neej - qhov no raug kev txom nyem; ua rau kev txom nyem nyob rau hauv kev xav tau thiab mob siab rau; txoj kev ywj pheej los ntawm kev txom nyem los txog tom qab tau cov rejection uas xav tau; sau tag nrho cov liberation ntawm tus txiv neej los ntawm cov kev ua qhev ntawm samsara (rebirth series - lub neej). Buddhism propagated Atisha, Shantarakshita, Chandrakirti thiab lwm yam philosophers.