Lub keeb kwm ntawm hluav taws xob kev loj hlob. Lub zaum uas pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hluav taws xob engineering, thiab lawv cov inventions

Hluav taws xob cov - tsis tshua muaj neeg loj heev teb ntawm kev txawj ntse, uas muaj xws li txhua yam uas yog kev cob cog rua nrog rau kev siv hluav taws xob. Qhov no txoj kev loj hlob schemes, pab kiag li lawm, cov khoom thiab lub Cheebtsam, thiab txoj kev tshawb no ntawm electromagnetic phenomena thiab lawv siv tswv yim. Scope ntawm hluav taws xob engineering - tag nrho cov chaw ntawm peb lub neej.

Yuav ua li cas nws tag nrho cov pib

Keeb kwm ntawm Hluav taws xob cov Development nruj nreem txuas nrog noob neej thoob plaws nws lub keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Cov neeg uas xav nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso phenomena, uas lawv yuav tsis piav. Keeb kwm ntawm Hluav taws xob cov Development - qhov cov me nyuam no kom rov hais dua li cas tau tshwm sim nyob ib ncig ntawm nws.

Txoj kev tshawb no ntawd kub ntev li rau ntau thiab ntau centuries. Tab sis, tsuas nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua lub keeb kwm ntawm hluav taws xob engineering pib nws countdown mus rau lub tiag tiag kev siv pej xeem nrhiav kev txawj ntse thiab kev txawj ntse.

kev tshawb xav

Lub zaum uas pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hluav taws xob engineering - yog muaj ntau txhiab ntawm cov npe, tag nrho cov ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm tsis tau teev. Tab sis muaj ib tug neeg, uas nws cov kev tshawb fawb tau pab ua kom peb lub ntiaj teb no txoj kev nws yog tam sim no.

Ntaub ntawv keeb kwm qhia hais tias: ib tug ntawm cov thawj uas kos nws mloog hais tias tom qab muab tshuaj ntxuav amber tiv thaiv ntaub plaub, nws yuav kos cov khoom, yog ib tug Greek philosopher Thales ntawm Miletus. Nws thwmsim nws nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub xya xyoo pua BC. Tsis siv cov lus xaus, hmoov tsis, nws yuav tsis ua li cas. Tiam sis tag nrho ntawm nws lub tswvyim nws tau ua tib zoo sau tseg thiab kis tau mus rau xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv.

Cov tom ntej no lub npe nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov zwj ceeb "zaum, hluav taws xob engineers thiab lawv cov inventions" nyob xwb nyob rau hauv 1663, thaum lub nroog ntawm Magdeburg Otto fon Gerike tsim lub tshuab, uas yog ib lub pob uas yuav tsis tsuas nyiam, tab sis ua tej khoom.

Nto moo zaum

Tom qab, Tsev Electronics muab tej zoo-paub zaum, xws li:

• Stiven Grey, uas ua thwmsim rau cov kis ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntau tshaj ib tug deb. Cov tshwm sim ntawm nws kev tshawb fawb yog lub xaus hais tias tej khoom sib txawv ntawm cov kis lub hwj chim.
• Sharl Dyufe, uas npaj lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov sib txawv hom ntawm hluav taws xob.
• Dutchman Pieter van Musschenbroek. Nws tau ua nto moo invention condenser.
• Rau siab kawm phenomenon Georg Richman thiab Mikhail Lomonosov.
• Benjamin Franklin. Qhov no txiv neej mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li lub inventor ntawm tus laim qws.
• Luigi Galvani.
• Vasily Petrov.
• Sharl Kulon.
• Hans Oersted.
• Alessandro Volta.
• Andre Ampere.
• Maykl Faradey, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

energetics

Hluav taws xob cov - science uas muaj plaub yam ntawm cov thawj thiab hauv lub hauv paus uas yog lub hwj chim. Nws yog qhov kev kawm ntawm lub cim, kis tau tus mob thiab kev noj ntawm lub zog. Noob neej tau muaj peev xwm ntse siv no technology rau lawv tus kheej siv xwb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19.

Txheej thaum ub roj teeb tso cai rau lub ntaus ntawv mus ua hauj lwm tsuas yog rau ib tug thaum, uas tsis tau siav lub ambitions ntawm kws tshawb fawb. Lub inventor ntawm tus thawj tsab ntawm tus generator los ua Hungarian Anosh Ányos Jedlik nyob rau hauv 1827. Tu siab, lawv cov offspring paub txog patented, thiab nws lub npe tseem xwb nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm phau ntawv.

Tom qab ntawd dynamo hloov Ippolit Piksi. Tus ntaus ntawv yog yooj yim: ib tug stator uas generates ib qhov magnetic teb, thiab ib co ntawm cov windings.

Keeb kwm ntawm hluav taws xob engineering thiab lub zog txoj kev loj hlob muaj peev xwm tsis ua li cas tsis hais txog lub npe ntawm Michael Faraday. Nws yog nws leej twg yees ua lub thawj generator, uas yog tso cai rau muab tam sim no thiab tas mus li voltage. Tom qab, mechanisms kho tau Shtererom Emile Henry Wilde, Zenobia grams.

DC

Nyob rau hauv 1873 nyob rau ntawm ib exhibition nyob rau hauv Vienna twb kom meej meej pom los ntawm lub community launch txog lub twj tso kua mis los ntawm lub tshuab, nyob ntau tshaj ib tug kilometer tam sim ntawd.

Hluav taws xob confidently tsum yeej xwb lub ntiaj teb no. Noob neej ua muaj xws yav tas los tsis paub hais tias yam khoom tshiab raws li hlua taws xob, qhov hluav taws xob lub cev muaj zog nyob rau hauv cov tsheb thiab ships, nroog teeb pom kev zoo. Lossis loj dynamos yog nce siv rau zus tau tej cov hluav taws xob tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj scale. Lub zos pib tshwm thawj trams thiab trolleybuses. Lub tswv yim ntawm DC massively siv tus naas ej tus paub txog Thomas Edison. Txawm li cas los, qhov no technology tau nws cov flaws.

Theoretical Hluav taws xob cov Engineering nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv sau meant yuav tsum vov lub loj tshaj plaws kev tau xov tooj ntawm tib neeg kev koom thiab ib cheeb tsam nrog hluav taws xob. Tab sis DC muaj ib tug heev tsawg ntau yam - txog li ob los yog peb kilometers, ces lossis loj losses pib. Ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev hloov mus rau ib tug alternating tam sim no ntawm hlau thiab qhov ntev generating cov cav tov, qhov luaj li cas ntawm ib tug dlej Hoobkas.

Nikola Tesla

Qhov tus tsim ntawm tus tshiab technology yog xav tau ib tug Serbian paub txog Nikola Tesla. Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej nws mob siab rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm AC muaj peev xwm, xa mus rau ib tug deb. Hluav taws xob cov (rau beginners nws yog ib qho interesting tseeb) yuav ua lub tsev nyob rau hauv nws yooj yim hauv paus ntsiab lus. Niaj hnub no, txhua lub tsev muaj ib tug uas Vajtswv tau tsim ntawm tus poj tus paub txog.

Lub inventor muab lub ntiaj teb no multiphase generators, induction lub cev muaj zog, ib tug counter thiab ntau lwm inventions. Tom qab xyoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hlua taws xob, cov xov tooj lub tuam txhab, lub Edison kuaj thiab tom qab nyob rau hauv lawv cov qhauj Tesla yog ib tug zoo kev raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub loj tus naj npawb ntawm thwmsim.

Noob neej, hmoov tsis, tsis tau txais ib feem kaum ntawm scientific discoveries. Tus tswv ntawm cov roj deposits tau xav tiv thaiv lub fais kiv puag ncig los ntawm kev txhais tau tias muaj rau lawv mus sim kom tsis txhob nws kev kawm.

Raws li taug xaiv, Nicola muaj peev xwm mus tsim tau thiab nres kub, kis hluav taws xob tsis muaj nyob ntawm tej rau tej taw tes rau lub ntiaj teb, teleported warship, thiab txawm provoked lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub meteorite nyob rau hauv Siberia. Heev extraordinary txiv neej nws yog.

Raws li nws muab tawm, Nicola yog txoj cai, betting rau AC. Hluav taws xob cov engineering (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau beginners) ua ntej hais txog nws tej ntsiab cai. Nws yog txoj cai, uas hluav taws xob yuav tsum noj phav phav mais siv xwb conductors. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug mus tas "cov kwv tij" lub hwj chim yog tsim nyog los muaj txhua txhua ob los yog peb kis lus mev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum tau tas li khaws cia.

Rau hnub tim, DC tseem tshuav chav fais thauj - trams, trolley buses, hluav taws xob locomotives, xyaw factories, roj teeb, charger. Txawm li cas los, muab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm technology, nws yog yuav hais tias "postoyanke" sai sai no yuav tsum tsuas yog nyob rau cov nplooj ntawv ntawm keeb kwm.

electromechanics

Qhov thib ob hluav taws xob seem uas piav txog cov ntsiab cai ntawm converting zog txhua yam rau hauv hluav taws xob lub zog thiab vice versa, yog hu ua cov electromechanics.

Tus thawj tus paub txog yavivshim ntiaj teb no lawv cov ua hauj lwm rau electromechanics, yog ib tug Swiss paub txog Engelbert Arnold, uas nyob rau hauv 1891 luam tawm ib tug treatise nyob rau kev tshawb xav thiab kev tsim rau lub tshuab windings. Tom qab, cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub ntiaj teb no science Iwj Blondel kev tshawb fawb Vidmar, Kostenko, Dreyfus Tolvinskogo, Vajvoog Park.

Nyob rau hauv 1942, lub Hungarian-American Gabriel Kron thaum kawg muaj kev tswj los formulate ib tug general kev tshawb xav rau tag nrho cov hluav taws xob cav tov thiab li muab cov dag zog ntawm ntau soj ntsuam ntawm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem.

Electromechanics enjoyed ruaj khov txaus siab ntawm zaum nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, thiab ces los ntawm nws muaj xws sciences li electrodynamics (tshuaj xyuas qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm hluav taws xob thiab sib nqus phenomena), mechanics (kawm lub suab ntawm lub cev thiab cov kev sib tshuam ntawm lawv), thiab Thermal Physics (theoretical hwj chim bases, thermodynamics, cua sov thiab huab hwm coj mus ) thiab lwm tus neeg.

Lub ntsiab teeb meem uas tau raug kawm nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev tshawb fawb yog cov kawm thiab cov kev loj hlob ntawm transformers, rotating magnetic teb, lub linear load tam sim no, qhov Arnold. Main ntsiab lus - hluav taws xob thiab asynchronous tshuab, ntau hom ntawm transformers.

postulates Electromechanics

Lub peb lub ntsiab tenets ntawm Electromechanics yog cov kev cai:

• electromagnetic induction Faraday;
• tag nrho cov tam sim no mus rau lub sib nqus Circuit Court;
• electromagnetic rog (kuj hu ua Ampere txoj cai).

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov kev tshawb fawb zaum, electricians, nws twb muaj pov thawj hais tias lub zog yuav tsis tau tsiv tsis poob, tag nrho cov cav tov yuav khiav lag luam nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj zog hom thiab ib tug generator, thiab hais tias lub teb ntawm lub rotor thiab stator yog yeej ib txwm tsau txheeb ze rau txhua tus lwm yam.

Cov yooj yim mis yog cov kab zauv:

• hluav taws xob lub tsheb;
• equilibrium voltage windings ntawm hluav taws xob cav;
• electromagnetic torque.

Tsis Siv Neeg tswj tshuab

Kev taw qhia inevitably ua nrov tom qab nws tau los ua tseeb hais tias cov kev vam meej ntawm lub tshuab yuav hloov tib neeg txoj hauj lwm.

Tsis Siv Neeg tswj - lub peev xwm los muab lub lag luam ntawm lwm yam pab kiag li lawm los yog txawm tag nrho systems. Operable los ntawm kub, tshaj tawm, zog thiab ceev zog ces kaum. Manipulation yuav nqa tawm nyob rau hauv tag nrho automatic hom, thiab nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg.

Tus thawj tshuab ntawm no zoo yuav pom tau tias ib chav tsev, tsim los ntawm Charles Bebidzhem. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub punch phaib yuav tau ua twj tso kua mis tswj los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm lub chav engine.

Tus thawj computer twb piav nyob rau hauv cov writings ntawm lub Irish kawm Percy Ludgate, uas tau qhia rau cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv 1909.

Analog computer pab kiag li lawm nyob cia li ua ntej lub phaum ntawm ob ntiaj teb rog. Hostilities ob peb stalled txoj kev loj hlob ntawm no pheej kev lag luam.

Tus thawj tsab ntawm tus niaj hnub lub computer yog tsim los ntawm lub German Konrad Zuse nyob rau hauv 1938.

Rau hnub tim, lub automatic tswj system, raws li nws tau xeeb los ntawm cov inventors ntse hloov tib neeg nyob rau hauv factories, koj ua qhov feem ntau monotonous thiab yus ua hauj lwm.

electronics

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hluav taws xob hlau, hluav taws xob uas yog ib tug billion lub sij hawm ntau leej dua lawv analog counterparts.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws German thawj invention yog ib tug cipher tshuab "Enigma". Thiab ces - lub British hluav taws xob decoders uas sim los daws kom tau intricate codes.

Ces muaj cov cav laij leb thiab computers.

Thaum lub tam sim no theem ntawm lub neej yog txuam nrog electronics xov tooj thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj. Thiab yog dab tsi yuav ua tau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb pab kiag li tag kis, peb thiaj tsuas twv. Tab sis zaum no ua hauj lwm ib hnub thiab hmo ntuj cia li mus surprise rau peb tag nrho thiab ua lub neej nthuav ntau thiab yooj yim rau ntsiag to.