Lub complex lus nug ntawm uas yees ua hluav taws xob

Nyob rau cov nqe lus nug ntawm uas yees ua hluav taws xob, muaj yog tsis muaj lo lus teb. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom ua, vim hais tias nws tshwm sim objectively nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Lwm lo lus nug yog, uas tau muab lub npe ntawm tus directional suab ntawm them hais thiab lub zog tau txais nyob rau hauv nws tshwm sim. Nws ua William Gilbert, piav nyob rau hauv nws scientific ua hauj lwm, sau hnub tim 1600 xyoo, cov kev tshwm sim ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb nrog amber. Tus paub txog ter daim ntawm cov tawv cob ntawm daim ntaub, vim li cas lawv kis tau lub peev xwm los nyiam txawv lub teeb khoom, raws li zoo raws li lub npe ntawm no zoo nkauj mineral Greek suab zoo li ib tug electron, thiab ib qho qhib phenomenon lub npe hu ua tsiaj ntawv lo lus.

Tab sis hais tias Gilbert yees hluav taws xob, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yooj yim sua. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov muaj feem thib rau kev txiav txim lub thaj chaw ntawm amber yog tsis heev muaj tseeb, muab hais tias Thales nyob rau hauv ancient Greece, ib yam nkaus thiab, txawm lig los plhws nws nyob rau hauv lub tsho tiv no. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov kawm lus Askiv paub txog, uas nyob rau hauv lub XV-XVI centuries, nws yog tsis tau xaus hais tias peb tag nrho ntiaj chaw behaves zoo li ib tug giant hlau nplaum, thiab nws bipolar xwm. Yog li ntawd yawm soj ntsuam Gilbert coj ib tug giant kauj ruam ntawm lub zog tshawb fawb, tom qab ntawd los ua ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab tsav tsheb rog ntawm kev kawm, tsis muaj uas niaj hnub civilization yog tsis yooj yim sua kom txawm xav txog tej yam.

Muaj yog ib qho kev laus hais tias: txoj cai lub npe - li no, kom zoo to taub. Nyob rau hauv ib lub siab, rau lo lus nug ntawm uas yees ua hluav taws xob tseem qhib, nws kev tshawb fawb yog tu ncua.

Tshwj xeeb yog ceev ceev hluav taws xob kev loj hlob coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua. Pieter van Musschenbroek tsim lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj fais tsav - lub Leyden thawv, lub tsab uas niaj hnub roj teeb.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub foundations ntawm hluav taws xob thiab nws cov khoom txuas ntxiv Benjamin Franklin, US tus thawj tswj hwm, uas nws lub ntsej muag yog lub npe hu thoob plaws lub duab rau cov puas duas nqi. Nws yog nws leej twg yog tus thawj theorist ntawm tus tshiab science, thiab kuj yog lub inventor ntawm tus laim qws.

Simmer tswvcuab lub tswvyim ntawm hluav taws xob tug. Yuav luag ib txhij nyob rau hauv ltalis Galvani txo nws hwj daring thwmsim nrog nqaij ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov tsiaj los ntawm raug lead lom lawv mus tam sim no.

Yog hais tias leej twg yees ua hluav taws xob, cov Volt yog tias nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua tsev ib lub roj teeb, ib txoj ntsiab cai uas yog dav siv rau hnub no, thiab tej zaum yuav siv tau raws li ntev raws li tib neeg tshwm sim.

Faraday tau teb cov leem txoj kev rau tag nrho cov pab kiag li lawm siv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm induction - electromagnets, electric motors, transformers, coils retractor thiab ntau lwm yam hais txog niaj hnub kev pab kiag li lawm. Rau ob xyoo lawm nws thiab Ampere thiab Maxwell tau ob peb discoveries sib npaug ntawm no scientific kiv puag ncig.

Cov yuav tsum muaj foundations yog los mus txiav txim lub electron Yauxej Thomson raws li ib tug tangible nruab nrab ntawm hluav taws xob. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1879.

Cov kev qhia "los them rau lub teeb" yog siv ntau heev. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, ib tug ntawm cov neeg uas invented hluav taws xob, yog peb compatriot Lodygin uas tsim xws li ib tug tsim nyog tshaj plaws, zoo li ib lub teeb teeb, thiab muag cov patent rau Thomas Edison nyob rau hauv 1906.