Lub Bronze Horseman: ib tug piav qhia ntawm lub monument rau Peter lub Great

Lub nroog nyob rau Neva dej yog ib qho qhib saum huab cua tsev cia puav pheej. Monuments ntawm architecture, keeb kwm thiab kos duab yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub central ib feem thiab yog feem ntau composites. Ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lawv yog ib tug monument rau rau siab ua Peter lub Great - Lub Bronze Horseman. Hauj lwm ntawm lub monument yog txaus muab tej kev qhia, cov dab neeg no xav nyob rau hauv txhua yam los ntawm cov creation ntawm lub kos mus rau lub installation txheej txheem. ntau myths xwb thiab legends txuam nrog nws. Tus thawj ntawm cov koom lub keeb kwm ntawm lub npe ntawm tus duab puab. Nws tau muab npaum li cas tom qab tshaj tsim kho ntawm lub monument, tab sis nws tsis tau hloov nyob rau hauv ob puas xyoo ntawm nws lub neej.

lub npe

... mus tiv thaiv lub pob zeb;

Idol nrog outstretched txhais tes

Zaum saum ib tug bronze nees. ...

Cov kab no paub txhua txhua Lavxias teb sab neeg, lawv sau, A. S. Pushkin, piav txog kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tib lub monument rau Petus 1, hu ua nws cov Bronze Horseman. Qhov zoo Lavxias teb sab paj huam, yog leej twg yug 17 xyoo tom qab lub installation ntawm lub monument, yeej tsis xav hais tias nws zaj paj huam yuav muab ib lub npe tshiab duab puab. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, nws muab cov nram qab piav qhia ntawm lub monument Lub Bronze Horseman (los yog es Peter 1, uas nws cov duab twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv nws):

... Yuav ua li cas ib tug xav rau nws brow!

Hwj chim dab tsi yog muab zais rau hauv nws! ..

... Nyob rau ib tug haib tswv ntawm txoj hmoo! ..

Peter zoo nkaus li tsis yog ib tug txiv neej, tsis yog ib tug zoo huab tais, thiab yuav luag ib tug demigod. Cov epithets tshwm sim Pushkin monument, nws teev thiab solidity. Tus uas caij yog tsis tooj liab nws tus kheej yog ua los ntawm ib tug bronze duab puab thiab pedestal siv raws li ib tug-piece granite block. Tab sis cov duab ntawm Peter, tsim los ntawm Pushkin nyob rau hauv cov paj huam, yog li raws li lub zog thoob plaws hauv lub muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas yog them sai sai mus rau tej trifles tsis nqi nws. Kom txog rau thaum hnub no, qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub monument Lub Bronze Horseman nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yog inextricably txuas nrog lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tus poj Lavxias teb sab classics.

zaj dabneeg

Catherine II, xav muab khi nws cog lus rau cov kho kom zoo zog ntawm Peter, txiav txim siab los txhim tsa ib lub monument rau nws nyob rau hauv lub nroog, uas nws tsim nws yog. Ib tug ntawm cov khoom tsim los ntawm Francesco Rastrelli, tab sis lub monument tsis tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm lub Empress, thiab rau ib ntev lub sij hawm khaws cia rau hauv barns Petersburg. Pom zoo los ntawm nws sculptor Etienne Moris Falkone ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub monument rau 12 xyoo. Nws confrontation nrog Catherine tshaj qhov tseeb hais tias nws sab laug Russia, tsis tau pom nws creation nyob rau hauv ib tug ua tiav daim ntawv no. Thaum kawm cov neeg ntawm Peter on uas twb muaj lawm qhov chaw nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, nws tau tsim thiab siv nws cov duab tsis raws li ib tug tub rog tus thawj coj thiab tus huab tais, thiab raws li lub builder ntawm Russia, qhib txoj kev mus rau lub hiav txwv, mus rub ua ke nws nrog cov teb chaws Europe. Falcone ntsib nrog lub fact tias Catherine thiab tag nrho cov senior ua hauj lwm twb muaj ib tug npaj txhij-ua daim duab ntawm lub monument, nws tsuas yog los mus tsim cov kev tsim daim ntawv no. Yog hais tias tshwm sim, ces qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub monument Lub Bronze Horseman nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yuav txawv heev. Tej zaum, ces, nws muaj lwm lub npe. Ua hauj lwm loj maj mam Falcone, contributed rau qhov no bureaucratic squabbles, resentment ntawm lub Empress thiab cov complexity ntawm lub tsim duab.

installation

Rau feem ntau ntawm Peter casting nuj nqis rau ntawm nees twb tsis coj txawm paub tias nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lawv lub teb, li ntawd, Falcone attracted Yemelyan Haylova, uas muab pov ib lub cannon. luaj li cas ntawm cov monument yog tsis tseem ceeb qhov teeb meem, nws yog ntau npaum li cas ib qho tseem ceeb kom tus luj tshuav nyiaj li cas. Nrog tsuas yog peb cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nyiaj them yug, cov duab puab yuav tsum tau muab pab. Thawj kev txiav txim siab yog cov kev taw qhia ntawm tus nab monument, uas yog ib lub cim ntawm lub yeej phem. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws muab kev pab txhawb ntxiv rau lub sculptural pab pawg neeg. Nws yuav tau hais tias lub monument yog tsim nyob rau hauv kev koom tes nrog nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv sculptor Marie-Anna Kollo (Peter lub taub hau, lub ntsej muag) thiab lub Lavxias teb sab tswv Fedorom Gordeevym (tus nab).

Nroo-pob zeb

Tsis piav qhia ntawm lub monument Lub Bronze Horseman tiav tsis muaj ib tug mention ntawm nws puag (pedestal). Ib tug loj loj granite pob tsuas twb phua los ntawm xob laim, uas yog vim li cas lub zos tau muab nws lub npe nroo-pob zeb, uas tom qab dim. Raws li lub hom phiaj Falcone duab puab yuav tsum sawv ntsug nyob rau hauv av, simulating o tsis. Lub pob zeb twb tauj mus rau lub Senate Square rau daim av thiab dej, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm rau scabbling granite thaiv tsis tau nres. Rau extraordinary thauj tag nrho lub zog ntawm Guj kuj thiab cov teb chaws Europe, tom qab nws kawm tiav Ekaterina kom mint muaj puav pheej. Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1770 ib tug granite puag yog ntsia rau lub Senate Square. Qhov chaw monument qhov chaw no kuj yog muaj teeb meem. Lub Empress insisted on lub installation ntawm ib tug monument nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub square, tab sis Falcone muab nws los ze zog mus rau lub Neva, tus dej ntsej muag thiab ob lub qhov muag ntawm Peter. Thaum nyob rau qhov kev kawm rau hnub tim ua ib tug tsiv sib cav tswv yim: qhov twg stared Bronze Horseman? Hauj lwm ntawm lub monument muaj ntau yam kev soj ntsuam zoo heev teb kev xaiv. Ib txhia ntseeg hais tias tus huab tais zoo nyob rau hauv Sweden, uas yog nyob rau kev tsov kev rog. Lwm tus hais tias nws ob lub qhov muag yog tig mus rau lub hiav txwv, saib mus rau uas yog tsim nyog rau lub teb chaws. Muaj kuj yog ib tug taw tes ntawm view, lub hauv paus uas yog cov kev tshawb xav hais tias tus tswv overlooks lub nroog nrhiav tau los ntawm lawv.

Bronze Horseman, ib tug monument

Luv piav qhia ntawm lub monument yuav muaj nyob rau hauv tej phau ntawv qhia kev rau lub keeb kwm thiab kev cai qhov chaw ntawm St. Petersburg. 1 Peter tso rau ib tug tu nees, extending ib sab caj npab saum toj no tam sim no nyob ze ntawm lub Neva. Nws lub taub hau twb dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib tug laurel wreath thiab nees ob txhais ceg tsuj nab, personifying phem (nyob rau hauv lub broadest siab ntawm lo lus). Nyob rau inscription "Catherine II, Peter kuv" granite puag los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Catherine II yog ua thiab lub hnub - 1782. Cov lus los ntawm ib sab ntawm lub monument yog sau nyob rau hauv Latin, nyob rau lwm yam - nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Tus luj ntawm lub monument - txog 8-9 tons, qhov siab - 5 m, tsis suav lub hauv paus. Qhov no monument tau ua ib txwm ntawm lub nroog nyob rau hauv Neva. Txhua tus neeg uas tuaj mus xyuas nws sights yuav tsum mus ntsib lub Senate Square, thiab txhua tsim lawv tus kheej lub tswv yim thiab, ntsig txog, qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub monument Lub Bronze Horseman Peter 1.

symbolism

Lub hwj chim thiab yeeb koob ntawm lub monument tsis tawm cov neeg tsis muaj ab tsi rau ob tug centuries. Qhov zoo classics ntawm A. S. Pushkina, nws ua xws li ib tug ntev lub tswv yim hais tias cov kws sau paj lug tau tsim ib tug ntawm nws tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm - "Lub Bronze Horseman." Hauj lwm ntawm lub monument nyob rau hauv cov paj huam raws li ib qho kev ywj cim attracts tus nyeem ntawv lub mloog los ntawm nws cov brightness thiab cov duab ntseeg. Qhov no ua hauj lwm twb muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm Lavxias teb sab cim, ua cas cov monument. "Lub Bronze Horseman, ib tug piav qhia ntawm lub monument" - ib tug sau ntawv nyob rau hauv no lub npe sau high school cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau lub teb chaws. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin lub paj huam, nws lub zeem muag ntawm cov duab puab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txhua tsab ntawv. Txij li thaum lub qhib ntawm lub monument rau tam sim no hnub lub neej, muaj mixed views on pes tsawg leeg raws li ib tug tag nrho. Muaj ntau Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv siv lub Falcone tsim cov duab nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm. Txhua pom nyob rau hauv nws lub symbolism, uas txhais nyob rau hauv raws li nws views, tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias Peter Kuv sawv cev rau lub zog ntawm Guj kuj rau pem hauv ntej, muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg. Qhov no muaj tseeb nrog qhov Bronze Horseman. Hauj lwm ntawm lub monument tau ua rau ntau ib txoj kev uas tau hnov txog nws tus kheej kev xav txog txoj hmoo ntawm lub teb chaws.

monument

Nyob rau ib lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm uas tus depths, sai sau mighty steed. Tus uas caij cia li nkaum kiag rau lub reins, lifting tus tsiaj nyob rau hauv nws cov hind ob txhais ceg, thiab nws daim duab nruab nrab yog cov kev cog qoob loo thiab kev thaj yeeb ntawm lub hlwb. Raws li Falcone, hais tias txoj kev yog Peter Kuv - tus hero, ib tug tub rog, tab sis kuj yog ib tug converter. Tes nws taw mus rau qhov kev ncua deb, uas yuav raug rau nws. Lub sib ntaus tawm tsam cov rog ntawm xwm, tsis dhau farsighted neeg, prejudice rau nws yog lub ntsiab ntawm lub neej. Thaum tsim tau ib tug duab puab Catherine xav pom Peter raws li tus poj huab tais, t. E. Tus qauv yuav tau Roman saum. King yuav tsum zaum rau ib tug nees, tuav ib scepter thiab orb, nrog rau cov kab ntawm cov ancient hero tau txuas los ntawm txoj kev khaub ncaws. Falcone twb xav pom zoo, nws hais tias lub Lavxias teb sab huab tais tsis tau hnav ib lub tunic, zoo li Yuliy Tsezar lub tsho tiv no. Peter zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv ib tug ntev Lavxias teb sab lub tsho, uas kaw waving nyob rau hauv cov cua cloak - tias yog dab tsi ib tug Bronze Horseman. Hauj lwm ntawm lub monument yuav tsis yuav tsis muaj ib co ntawm cov cim muaj nyob rau hauv qhov yooj yim pes tsawg leeg Falcone. Piv txwv li, Peter tsis zaum nyob rau hauv lub eeb, xws li, ua raws li cov tawv nqaij ntawm ib tug dais. Nws tus nqi yog txhais raws li teej tug mus rau lub teb chaws, cov neeg, uas ua rau yus tus huab tais. Ib tug nab nyob rau hauv lub hooves ntawm tus nees ua ib lub cim treachery, kev sib ntxub, ignorance, yeej Peter.

lub taub hau

Nta huab tais lub ntsej muag me ntsis idealized, tab sis nws yuav tsis ploj portrait. Ua hauj lwm tshaj lub taub hau ntawm Peter ntawd kub ntev li ntev, cov kev tshwm sim li qhia siv kuj ua tsis tau tejyam kom tau raws li lub Empress. Tuag daim npog qhov ncauj ntawm Peter, npaum li cas los Rastrelli, Falcone pab cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv kom tiav raws li tus huab tais lub ntsej muag. Nws ua hauj lwm tau lawm mas menyuam los ntawm Catherine II, Marie-Anne Collot twb pom ib tug lub neej annuity. Tag nrho cov duab, poise, ib tug tsausmuag piav tes piav taw, lub puab tua hluav taws, hais nyob rau hauv nws ob lub qhov muag, qhia cov ua cim ntawm Peter I.

Qhov chaw

Kev mloog yog them rau Falcone los luj rau ntawm uas tus Bronze Horseman. Hauj lwm ntawm lub monument, lub chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no lub npe tau attracted ntau feemxyuam neeg. Pob Zeb, granite thaiv nruab nrab yog cov teeb meem uas overcomes Peter rau nws txoj kev. Thaum nws mus txog rau sab saum toj, nws piav tes piav taw yuav tseem ceeb tswjhwm subordination rau nws lub siab nyiam rau tag nrho cov kev tshwm sim. Granite thaiv, tsim raws li ib tug surging yoj, tseem ntsiab lus mus rau lub conquest ntawm marine tej qhov chaw. Heev tseem ceeb yog qhov chaw ntawm tag nrho cov monument. Peter kuv, tus tsim ntawm St. Petersburg, nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm tag nrho cov teeb meem, los tsim ib tug seaport rau nws lub hwj chim. Uas yog vim li cas cov duab muab tso rau los ze zog mus rau lub dej thiab kuav los tiag mus fim nws. Peter kuv (Bronze Horseman) raws li txuas ntxiv mus ntsia mus rau hauv qhov kev ncua deb, mus ntsuam xyuas hem rau lub xeev thiab los npaj tshiab tej yam uas zoo. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua rau koj tus kheej lub tswv yim hais txog qhov no cim ntawm lub nroog ntawm lub Neva dej thiab tag nrho cov zog ntawm Guj kuj, nws yog tsim nyog los mus saib nws, xav tias haib zog qhov chaw reflected lub cim ntawm lub sculptor. Xyuas ntawm ntau tourists, xws li txawv teb chaws sawv daws yuav, yog txo kom ib yam kev xav rau ib tug ob peb feeb, nws poob lub hwj chim ntawm kev hais lus. Tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog ib tug monument, tab sis kuj paub txog ntawm nws cov qhov tseem ceeb rau lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia.