Lub architecture ntawm cov niaj hnub lub nroog raws li ib tug science thiab art

Lub architecture ntawm cov niaj hnub nroog muaj nyob rau hauv tune nrog tus nruam kev loj hlob ntawm nroog kab lis kev cai, kev lag luam, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom rog ntawm cov haiv neeg. Social thiab hauj kev kho leeb thiab kov ntxiv tsim qub sawv daws yuav thiab tshiab lub zos.

Lub nroog architecture: ib tug me ntsis lus qhia dav dav

City siv yog tsim los qhia cov infrastructure thiab tib neeg qhov chaw nyob, tsim tshiab architectural ceg. Lwm, tsis muaj tsis tseem ceeb, nws lub luag hauj lwm - lub preservation dabneeg tsos ntawm lub nroog, tswj nws cov thawj cua. Niaj hnub nimno nroog architecture muaj xws li landscaping. Nws lub hom phiaj - cov creation thiab kev txhim kho nyob tej yam kev mob rau pej xeem, kev txuag ntawm natural resources nyob rau hauv ib txhais ib ncig.

Muaj ntau post-Soviet lub zos tau ua nyob rau hauv tus qauv tej yaam num thiab yog li ntawd tseem lom zem ntau zoo ib yam li txhua lwm yam. Monotonous Soviet siv yuav pom nyob rau hauv txhua CIS lub teb chaws, seb puas Kazakhstan, Armenia thiab Russia. Tiam sis muaj ib lub nroog, muaj ib tug cim ua cim uas nws npau suav mus ntsib ntau tus neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no - qhov no yog Moscow.

Moscow City Architecture

Moscow - lub "qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no", attracts txhua txhua xyoo txhiab tus tourists flows. Moscow architecture yuav hu ua ib tug zoo ntawm cov keeb kwm chronicle, uas ua nco txog tus yeej thiab xwb, yeej thiab kev nyuaj siab thoob plaws hauv lub neej ntev ntawm lub capital.

Rau tsam architecture yus muaj los ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm yeej, tiam sis thiab dluab tshwm sim thoob plaws hauv lub centuries. Tag nrho cov txheej xwm rau lub keeb kwm scene ntawm lub teb chaws, ib txoj kev los sis lwm reflected nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm peb lub nroog. Xyoo pua 15th mus tas li nraim nws tus kheej pob zeb architecture ntawm lub Assumption Cathedral ntawm lub Kremlin. Catherine lub Great reign nco ntsoov cov me nyuam yug ntawm classicism - lub Senate, cov neeg pej xeem tsev ua yeeb yam, Pashkov tsev thiab taug qab Tsaritsyno Palace. Tom qab tsov rog ntawm 1812 lub capital ua tau rov qab los. Keeb kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej, Igumnova tsev los ua ib tug monument ntawm cov sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th ib tug niaj hnub, nws kuaj pom tau hais tias yuav lub tsev so "national", "Metropol", Yaroslavsky chaw nres tsheb. Lub xyoo pua 21st tau spawned ultra-niaj hnub architecture, nrog nws cov skyscrapers, iav facades, khw centers thiab high-sawv chaw ua hauj lwm lub tsev, uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej multi-ncau thiab complementary architectural khaub ncaws ntau ntawm Moscow.

Niaj hnub nimno architecture li kos duab

Cov tsim ntawm lwm qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov neeg los ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm cov tshiab thiab cov txij nkawm uas qub vaj tse muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm cov niaj hnub nroog. Qhov no kos duab yuav peb lub ntsiab yam:

• Nroog npaj - qhov creation thiab txua dua ntawm vaj tse.
• Architecture tej lug - tsim ntawm thaj thiab pej xeem vaj tse, muaj nroj tsuag.
• Toj roob hauv pes architecture - arrangement ntawm squares, chaw ua si thiab pej xeem vaj.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub architectural puag ncig muaj ib tug muaj zog lub siab lub ntsws yam rau cov neeg nyob. Nrog rau lwm yam, nws muaj txhawb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm patriotic txoj kev xav.

Cov kev taw qhia ntawm niaj hnub architecture

Nyob rau ntau lub teb chaws, lub architecture ntawm cov niaj hnub nroog no hu ua txawv. Peb hu nws "niaj hnub", nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees "yugendshtil" Fabkis "Art Nouveau". Niaj hnub nimno raws li rau architectural, tsim nyob rau hauv lub lig 19th - thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug tawm tsam tiv thaiv tus tsim, archaic tsos ntawm vaj tse. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm no style ntawm steel, ua vaj tse, iav rau thawj lub sij hawm pib siv tau, ces yas thiab lwm yam kev siv technology tshiab cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no style yog distinguished tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm cov sab nraud kom zoo nkauj thiab ntse functionality. Raws tom qab tiam no nyob rau hauv lub 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws sawv constructivism, uas tau siv lub "soul" ntawm lub yeej xwb proletariat. Nws lub ntsiab hauj lwm - mus ua hauj lwm rau hauv lub tshiab lawm. Thaum kev tsim kho tau siv mas ua kev reinforced. Rau tej yaam num Constructivists tsim tsis tsuas factories, tab sis kuj thaj tsev, cov tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob, tej pab pawg. Qhov kawg ntawm tus 40s cim cov tsos ntawm cov minimalist qauv nyob rau hauv architecture, nws mus txog nws cov ncov nyob rau hauv lub mus txog 1960. Minimalists Credo - "tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv!". Lug hais tias lub sij hawm laconic, lawv tsis muaj decorations los yog lwm yam frills. Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm minimalist designers - searching rau lub zoo tagnrho proportions, ua ke nrog txoj kev nplij siab thiab functionality, tsis pub dhau lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sij hawm. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm niaj hnub architecture ho tsis nres. Tsis ntev minimalism tau ua obsolete, thiab hloov los ntawm ib tug niaj hnub high-tech style, rau ntau xyoo mus nce ib foothold nyob rau hauv lub nroog architecture.

Hi-tech - lub architecture ntawm cov niaj hnub nroog

Cov tsim ntawm lub tswv yim no twb los ntawm tshiab technologies uas nrog kawm txiv neej. Hlau, iav, cutting-edge cov ntaub ntawv thiab lug, monolithic daim ntawv, lub hwj chim thiab lub zog, raws li embodied nyob rau hauv vaj tse - qhov no yog ib tug high-tech style. Nws muaj peb sub-pawg: muaj, bionic thiab duab hi-tech.

Cov muaj cheeb tsam no yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug peculiar frankness tsim. Nws exposes tag nrho cov kev sib txuas lus, kev twb kev txuas, sib tshooj, tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lawv cov zoo nkauj thiab ua haujlwm zoo tsim.

Geometrical hi-tech - ib tug ntau yam ntawm geometric duab, ua ke nrog thiab interweaving ntawm cov feem ntau npaj txhij txog thiab txawv txawv configurations.

Rau high-tech bionic yam ntxwv zoo li ib yam li xwm, raws cov tsos ntawm cov vaj tse thiab tsev nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm du zaus thiab kab ntse uas pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm.