Leej twg nrhiav tau lub phenomenon ntawm roj hmab vulcanization, thiab yog dab tsi?

Leej twg nrhiav tau lub phenomenon ntawm roj hmab vulcanization, tsis txhua leej txhua tus paub. Txawm hais tias lub npe ntawm tus neeg no ntau uas tau hais nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Nws lub npe yog Charles Nelson Goodyear, thiab niaj hnub no nws lub npe, "yog" hom nto moo log tsheb. Yog tsis muaj nws kev koom tes, "Indian roj hmab" (roj hmab) tej zaum yuav tsis muaj tau ntau siv, t. Yuav kom. Nws yog ib tug gimmick, ib zaug coj los ntawm America. Rau ntau xyoo, Charles ua heev heev thwmsim nrog txawv nws roj hmab Cheebtsam (los ntawm Turpentine rau tshuaj lom zinc oxide), thaum nyob rau hauv 1839 xyoo no yog tsis tau qhib los ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub substance nrog sulfur.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov roj hmab vulcanization txheej txheem? Los ntawm qhov seem yus pom ntawm Science News for KIDS - ib tug saj zawg zog roj hmab compound molecules nyob rau hauv peb-dimensional spatial daim phiaj hom, nrog transverse tshuaj bonds yog tsis tshua muaj heev. Cov yav tas vaj tse tso cai log tsheb nyob twj ywm tib co saj zawg zog, yuav ua li cas muaj tej yam ntuj tso roj hmab, los ntawm uas nws yog tsim los.

Nyob rau hauv roj hmab vulcanization daim phiaj yuav tau nyob rau hauv kub los yog tawg, thiab thaum ua ntawv thov tshwj xeeb tshuaj neeg sawv cev. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, rau kev phais siv tshwj xeeb units zoo li boilers, txhaj tshuaj molding tshuab, presses, autoclaves, shaper-vulcanizers thiab coolants (los ntawm kub zog rau hluav taws xob cua kub).

Lub curing kub ntawm nyoos roj hmab yuav ua tau heev ntau haiv neeg nyob rau cov kev pab ntawm cov khoom muag kawg. Ib tug classic ntau yog los ntawm 130 mus 200 degrees Celsius, txawm hais tias roj hmab coatings thiab adhesives tej zaum kho ntawm chav tsev kub (nyob rau hauv 20 degrees, lub "khaub thuas vulcanization"). Tshuaj cov neeg ua hauj yog heev ntau yam rau ib tug muab cov txheej txheem. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nqa sulfuric vulcanization, uas tso cai rau kom tau txais cov diene rubbers siv nyob rau hauv cov log tsheb raug thiab roj hmab khau. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm no yog ua si los ntawm lub thiaj-hu ua "boosters" (rau lub caij nyoog kawg no hom ntawm cov txheej txheem), nws yog mas sulfonamides thiab pawg TIZOL.

Kub vulcanization ntawm roj hmab yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug heev luv luv lub sij hawm yog hais tias tus boosters yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuaj txheej txheem: dithiocarbamates, los yog xanthates. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus lag luam yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw sai heev ntawm ib tug kub ntawm txog 110-125 degrees. Rau tua lub adhesives thiab tej yam latex niam qis kub (20 mus rau 100 degrees) yuav siv tau thaum uas siv cov sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate.

Siv nyob rau hauv lub vulcanization ntawm roj hmab koom haum pab tshuaj (oligoester acrylates, peroxides, phenol cob, thiab lwm yam) Cia kom tau cov khoom uas muaj siab thaum tshav kub kub kuj, monolithic, zoo dielectric zog. Nws tseem yog tsis kawg lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm ib yam khoom (los ntawm lub qab xib khau looj plab hlaub rau hniav nyiaj hniav kub), antioxidants (ua si cas sim haum lub neej roj hmab) thiab plasticizers, uas txo cov viscosity ntawm lub substance nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob thiab tus nqi ntawm "erasing".