"Lee-Enfield" - British phom loj. Hauj lwm, yam ntxwv, cov duab

Ntiaj teb Armory keeb kwm paub ntau thaum ib co phom loj ua ib tug tiag tiag "ntsej muag" ntawm nws lub sij hawm. Qhov no yog peb "trehlineyka", tib phom loj yog "Lee-Enfield". Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, lolus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yuav diav rawg tawm tej dlej tau nyiaj ntau heev muaj hmoo uas yuav muaj lawv ib tug qauv ntawm no riam phom nyob rau hauv zoo meej mob. Nyob rau hauv lub UK nws tus kheej no hom phom muaj tib lub tseem ceeb, uas peb muaj cov legendary "mosinka".

Yuav ua li cas nws tag nrho cov pib?

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm kawm lus Askiv phom loj ntawm no hom tau txais yuav los ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv Army nyob rau hauv 1895. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog tus ncaj thawj ntawm cov phom loj "Lee-Enfield" nyob rau hauv 1853. Interestingly, tus thawj ua tsov rog yog tau tsim los rau cov hmoov dub. Thaum peb soj ntsuam kuaj cov cartridges nrog tshiab pa luam yeeb-free kuaj, thaum nws los ua tseeb hais tias ib tug riam phom yuav tsum tau siv kiag li unsuitable.

Lub British tau urgently tsim ib tug tshiab chim nrog ib tug txawv configuration ntawm cov rifling. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, undergone hloov thiab hlau sights. Nws "cov aptitude" tshiab "Lee-Enfield" siab pom thaum lub sij hawm cov ntshav Boer ua tsov ua rog.

Yog hais tias koj muaj ib tug me nyuam nyeem taug txuj kev nyuaj novels, tej zaum koj nco ntsoov rau hauv lub "Boers" thiab "koom haum", uas ntaus ib tus nrog sib ntaus nrog exorbitant thaum lub sij hawm mus. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau nws yog cia li ib yam txog lub British "Lee-Enfield", raws li cov Boers (Dutch colonists) siv feem ntau German "Mauser".

Incidentally, lub German khoom nyob rau hauv cov kev tsis sib haum muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau zoo npaum li cas, tab sis nws yog patriotic British touted nws phom loj, uas tau txij li thaum feem ntau hu ua nws "xim av."

Pom tias African txheej xwm?

Teb chaws Aas Kiv yeej tsov rog, tab sis CSKA tau raug kev txom nyem heev los ntawm lub caij nyoog "Mauser". Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob hais tias lawv tau thov ib qho mob ceev kev hloov kho ntawm lawv phom. Uas yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv 1903 ib tug tshiab qauv - SMLE Mk I. Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau nws txawv los ntawm nws cov predecessors?

Ua raws li cov piv txwv ntawm cov Germans, lub British txiav txim siab los ua ib yam dab tsi intermediate ntawm ib tug cavalry carbine thiab "kom muaj raws li" cov phom loj nyob rau hauv loj (raws li "Mauser K98"). Qhov no yog ib tug heev zaum tov, raws li twb nyob rau hauv tsov rog nws los ua tseeb hais tias cov cavalry tau ua tsis tseem ceeb thiab hais tias tus nees tub rog yeej ib txwm muaj rau dismount mus tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog hom.

Nyob rau hauv 1907 tau saws lub kev hloov kho coj SMLE Mk.III, uas yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm tseem ceev cov coupons qhov ntawm clips. Qhov no phom loj "Lee-Enfield" twb lug siv thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog kuv thiab yog zoo nkauj zoo muaj pov thawj nws tus kheej. Cov tub rog hlub no phom rau siab precision thiab raug. Nyob rau hauv 1916 nws tau saws lub "intermediate" version ntawm cov phom loj, uas yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub simplified technology, uas nyob rau hauv wartime tej yam kev mob yog heev superfluous.

Cov riam phom thiaj li zoo li cov tub rog?

Txawm tias ib co technically advanced "dag", lub British twb tau los ua ib tug tsis tshua muaj neeg txhim khu kev qha ua tsov rog. Muaj mob thaum cov tub rog qhwv shutter oily khaub hlab, thiab ces txuas ntxiv mus sib ntaus sib tua txawm thaum dag nyob rau hauv dej trenches. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm qhov tawm tsam ntawm cov loj phom thaum tag nrho cov txheem ntawm lub trenches yuav them nrog ib tug tuab txheej ntawm av thiab xuab zeb, lub ntseeg ntawm cov phom yog cia li ib tug khoom plig los ntawm saum toj no.

ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob

Ua ntej lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II twb txais yuav los ntawm cov hloov ntawm lub SMLE No.1 (SMLE No.4 Mk. I). Major nrhav tau kev txhawj xeeb lub creation ntawm ib tug ntau zog lub cev, ib tug yooj yim thiab manufacturable receiver. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum muaj ib tug yooj yim rear pom, zoo heev kev txhim kho cov neeg ntawm aiming thiab hluav taws.

Yog hais tias peb los sib piv cov tshiab phom loj nrog ua ntej lawm kev hloov kho, nws tau ua txawm ntau yooj yim thiab txhim khu kev qha. Service riam phom pib siv ntau tsawg lub sij hawm. shutter hauv chav kawm yog luv luv, nws yuav ua tau sai thiab yooj yim mus juggle. Thaum kawg, tus nqi ntawm no phom loj rau cov thawj lub sij hawm surpassed hais tias ntawm lub "Mauser".

Hais txog qhov kev "hnyav" ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias British tub rog cim tsuas yog ib drawback - lub ceeb thawj. Tsuas yog ib tug thib tsib kev hloov kho tiv kev txom nyem 3.3 kg, thiab tag nrho lwm cov variants twb nyob rau hauv txoj kev khwv 4 kg (phom loj No. 4 Mk. Kuv tiv kev txom nyem 4.11 kg). Nyob rau lwm cov tes, peb "mosinka" bayonet rub tag nrho cov 4.5 kg, yog li ntawd no disadvantage yog questionable tawm tsam lwm cov neeg sib tw. Los ntawm txoj kev, "Mauser K98" thiab tiv kev txom nyem txog 4.1 kg, yog li no - tag nrho cov parity.

Sniper "modding" thiab lwm yam kev hloov kho

Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub xeem hloov pib tsim thiab sniper phom, raws li qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib qeb ntawm riam phom rau "sharpshooters" nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog tshwm tag. Txawm li cas los, lub British tsis cuag tus raug rau ib tug neeg conveyors: tsuas xaiv cov riam phom los ntawm cov general pawg, raws li nyob rau hauv lub nce raug thiab cov neeg (nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev uas peb ua li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub Wehrmacht). Npe sniper hloov - SMLE No.4 Mk. Kuv (T).

Nyob rau hauv 1944, khaus sib ntaus sib tua tsoo tawm nyob rau hauv Burma thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm Asia, qhov twg lub British sim rau ntiab tawm lub Japanese, uas tau yooj yim thuam tawm ntawm lub British thaum pib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II. Nws sai sai ua qhov tseeb hais tias tus txheej txheem infantry phom loj nyob rau hauv lub zoov nuj txeeg xav tias heev ua tau txawv txawv vim hais tias qhov ntev chim heev txwv txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm maneuver.

Vim li no, lub designers tau sai sai tsim phom loj No. 5 Mk. Kuv Zoov nuj txeeg Carbine. Nyob rau hauv no phom loj flash suppressor yog pronounced, thiab muaj ntau npaum li cas luv luv chim thiab forend. Tab sis cov tub rog ntawm no kev hloov kho rau ntau yam yog vim li cas tsis nyiam nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, cov qauv no yog tsis lug siv.

Los ntawm txoj kev, dab tsi yog qhov ntau ntawm hluav taws ntawm qhov riam phom? Nws yog ib heev impressive: nyob rau hauv thawj hloov - 2743 meters, nyob rau phom loj No. 5 Mk. Kuv Zoov nuj txeeg - 1000 meters. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tag nrho cov ntawm no - "ib tug nees nyob rau hauv ib lub tshuab nqus", txij li thaum, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, cov zoo ntau yam ntawm cov hluav taws tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 500-900 meters, tab sis cov no tau (txawm yog niaj hnub no tus qauv) yog heev zoo. Ze kev sib ntaus los yog tsim bayonet, "Lee-Enfield" twb nruab nrog ib tug impressive hniav, uas yog tseem heev npaum li cas txaus siab rau lub lolus.

Tales thiab "yos hav zoov lig kev cai"

Txog thaum lub caij 50-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, tej riam phom tau armed nrog lub Royal Army. Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov phom loj ntawm ib qho ntawm cov saum toj no ua qauv tseem nrhiav tau yooj yim nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws uas twb British zos. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub Mujahideen nyob rau hauv Afghanistan yog nquag siv "Enfields" nyob rau hauv cov kev tawm tsam nyob rau hauv peb cov tub rog. Nyob rau tib lub tales uas piav qhia txog qhov tseeb siv lub "Boers", nws tau txij li thaum sau ntau yam.

Piv txwv li, nws yog tau pom zoo nrog lub fact tias lub mos txwv raug rho tawm haujlwm los ntawm cov laus English phom loj, yeej lov tus qauv pab tub rog flak tsho. Tab sis cov dab neeg uas cov wrecked armored neeg cab kuj ...!? Yuav kom muab nws mob me, cov ntaub ntawv no ua rau xav phem cais tsis nrog cov kws txawj raws li lub cuab yeej ntawm BTR-70/80 tuas, tab sis yog tsis nyob rau hauv kev tsom xam, caliber 12.7 hli. Muaj kuj yog cov ntaub ntawv uas los ntawm lub "Boers" Soviet thauj helicopters tau ntaus ob peb lub sij hawm.

Nrog rau qhov no, koj muaj peev xwm kuj pom zoo tias: yog "MI-8" ris tsho ua rog tsis yog raws li ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv, yog li ntawd muaj yog tsis muaj dab tsi ceeb nyob rau hauv xws lub sijhawm uas nws muaj. Tom qab tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv teb chaws Nyab Laj rau hauv lub US "Hugh" yog tseem khob qhov rooj tawm ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm phom thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, muaj teeb meem sib cav tswv yim hais txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov "Enfield" nqa tawm kom deb li deb, thiab lawv yuav tsis pom qhov kawg.

kev yam ntxwv

Los ntawm cov yam ntxwv taw tes ntawm view ntawm kev kawm lus Askiv phom loj yog ib tug classic neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov riam phom nrog phau ntawv pib dua thiab tus nqi rau ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Lub ntsiab feature - desyatizaryadny khw, uas, tab sis xav nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus ntev "laum" yog non-tshem. Nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab no kom meej meej pom riam phom.

Cias muab, nws yog tsim nyog los them, thawb lub valve mus txog thaum kawg txoj hauj lwm (raws li trehlineyke los yog "Mauser"). Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub depths ntawm tus txhais khwb yog ib tug latch uas yuav siv tau kom tshem tawm cov khw. Txawm tias qhov kev xaiv no yog tsuas yog siv thaum yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ib txhij txhua tu los yog kev hloov ntawm qhov chaw.

mos txwv

Them yog ua los ntawm ib tug longitudinal qhov nyob rau hauv lub receiver. Nws yog ib, raws li peb tau hais saum toj no, yog tso tawm tsuas yog thaum lub shutter yog siab qhib. Them qhov riam phom yuav yog zoo li ib tug patron, thiab caj dab looj tsiaj, txhua tus uas muaj tsib rounds. Zoo li tag nrho cov phom ntawm lub sij hawm, rau lub yooj yim ntawm lub yav tas hom loading nyob rau hauv lub heev receiver as grooves.

Los ntawm txoj kev, yog dab tsi zoo ntawm cartridge yog siv no? "Lee-Enfield" equips heev kev mos txwv: Caliber .303 British, uas nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub metric system - 7.7 hli. tes tsho ntev - 56 hli. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias tus thawj caliber riam phom li cas 7,69 hli, tab sis tom qab vim txoj kev hloov mus rau qhov tshiab system ntawm rifling nws coj mus hloov.

Nta thiab shutter txhais

Tom qab ntawm lub rooj vag ob projections, los ntawm cov uas ua txhim khu kev qha locking ntawm lub thoob. Thaum koj kaw qhov shutter yeej ua cocked. Kov lis rau recharging yog ib nyuag bent, nyo taub hau. Sam shutter yog heev yooj yim mus lis, muaj ib tug "khoom", tab sis, tshaj, luv luv stroke. Vim mus rau yav tas qhov tseeb muab nce nqi, uas yeej ib txwm tau nto moo phom loj "Lee-Enfield".

USM (ie txhais mechanism) - ib qho yooj yim, striker hom. Muaj yog ib tug fuse nyob rau sab laug sab ntawm lub receiver. Tsis zoo li peb trehlineyki cov khoom no rau hauv lub "Englishwoman" yog zoo nyob heev, nrog ib tug fuse yuav khiav ib tug ntiv tes ntawm ib txhais tes tsis muaj kev hloov rau hauv lub tuav riam phom.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov phom loj, "Lee-Enfield" yog ib tug ob-step qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob, uas zoo heev pab txoj kev raug. Nws yog heev nthuav ua lub caj dab taub qab: muaj suab "rab yaj phom" zoo lawm, nws muaj ib tug heev ergonomic, uas ho pab txoj kev lub tuav riam phom.

Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau hauv lub taub qab, koj yuav nrhiav tau muaj peb qhov me me, ib tug tsim los cia wastewater kho mob pab kiag li lawm, qhov ob yog yuav tsum tau mus txo cov yuag tag nrho ntawm qhov riam phom. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub ntoo nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ntau: tus yees duab qhia tau hais tias cov riam phom uas yog ua los ntawm cov khoom no tag nrho overlays.