Kornilov revolt: neeg tuag taus txim rau Russia

Kornilov revolt yog ib tug tsis tau tejyam sim los qhia nyob rau Russia ib tug tub rog dictatorship, pom nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub yim hli ntuj 1917, General Lavr Georgievich Kornilov, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb mus los ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog.

Kornilov revolt: Ua

Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1917, sharply escalated sib ntaus "txoj cai" thiab "sab laug" nom tswv rog nyob rau hauv hwj chim nyob rau hauv Russia. Muaj txoj cai-tis rog, uas muaj cov nom tswv cajceg, cov txiv plig thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntseeg hais tias cov tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws "revolutionary anarchy," nws yog lub sij hawm kom tiav, li ntawd, zoo siab txais tos cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tub rog dictatorship thiab cov tshem tawm ntawm lub soviets. A "tshuav" - lub Bolshevik tog - muaj ib tug muaj zog cog lus rau overthrow ntawm lub Daim Ntawv tsoom fwv thiab qhov kawg tsev lag luam ntawm nws lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws.

Zuag qhia tag nrho cov teeb meem no yog lossi deteriorating. Tus tswv teb twg tsis tos rau thaj av cog lus, thiab loj hlob discontent ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm. Ukraine thiab Finland mus ntawm tag nrho cov autonomy. Cov tub rog thiab cov neeg tsav nkoj twb massively ntse rau lub tswv yim ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv kiv puag ncig. Lub teb chaws raug teeb meem los ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis.

Nyob rau hauv cov tej yam kev mob, Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg ntawd zoo li ib tug hmoov keg uas yuav tawg ntawm txhua lub sij hawm. Lub Daim Ntawv tsoom fwv yeej paub tias tsuas yog ib tug tshiab muaj zog tsoom fwv thiab cov tub rog dictatorship yuav txuag lub xeev ntawm tag nrho lub cev qhuav dej. Nyob rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub raug xaiv dictator General Kornilov. Nws nyiam zoo sib hwm ntawm cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm, yog ib tug txiv neej haib, decisive thiab tawv. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev txaus ntshai, nws pom tsis ncaj ncees, rau siab mus rau lub motherland, thiab tag nrho cov zoo tshaj plaws zoo ntawm nws muaj zog yuav.

Taw los coj nyob rau hauv thawj es tsis txhob ntawm General Brusilov, nws yuam ib tug txiav npluav on rallies nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, koj muab cov tiav rau desertion, ho yog tas cov cai thiab powers ntawm lub tub rog 'Committees. Nws cog noob los ntawm tsoom fwv lub militarization ntawm lub railways thiab tiv thaiv qhauj.

Lub yim hli ntuj 12, 1917 lub taub hau ntawm lub Daim Ntawv tsoom fwv ntawm Kerensky convened ib lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub xeev, uas twb tau mus kawm los ntawm tus tswv av, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub bourgeoisie, cov tub ceev xwm, cov Cossacks, thiab lub saum ntawm cov txiv plig, cov general. Thaum lub rooj sib tham, sib tham cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub txim tuag, cov tua neeg pov tseg ntawm peasants uas illegally seized lub teb chaws ntawm tus tswv tsev, kev txwv tsis pub neeg ua hauj lwm los cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem ntawm ntau lawm, banning rallies thiab cov rooj sib tham.

General Kornilov, demanded lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib tug hlau qhuab qhia, tso cai rau nkag mus rau lub txim tuag thiab tag nrho cov abolition ntawm lub soviets. Ob peb veiled, nws hais tias mus tua cov kiv puag ncig thiab lub Bolsheviks, nws yuav tshaj lub German pab tub rog Riga, mus li qhib kev rau lawv mus Petrograd - ib tug stronghold ntawm lub revolutionary rog.

Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg koom ntseeg tau pom zoo nrog rau daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub general. Kornilov hloov zuj zuj tag nrho ntseeg siab hais tias nws yuav txhawb lub pab tub rog, yog hais tias nws pib ib tug kiv puag ncig. Nyob rau lub tswv yim ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov pej xeem tau qhia lawv them nyiaj yug rau lub General Union ntawm Knights ntawm St. George, lub Union ntawm Cossack troops thiab ntau lwm yam koom haum ua teb.

Thiab Lub yim hli ntuj 21, German pab tub rog nyob Riga, raws li ceeb toom Kornilov. Nws nkawd hais tias qhov teeb meem no rau lub kiv puag ncig thiab lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub dictatorship ntawm lub feem ntau dej siab.

Kornilov revolt: cov txheej xwm 27-31 Lub yim hli ntuj 1917

Tom qab ib tug lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub State General Kornilov rov qab mus rau cov nqi thiab, ua los ntawm cov kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub Daim Ntawv tsoom fwv ntawm Kerensky thiab kev tso cai, nws pib mus rau illegally xa nws cov tub rog mus Petrograd. Nws xa mus rau lub capital ntawm koob thib 3 li hlau railings Corps thiab cov "tsiaj qus" (haiv neeg) division, taws los ntawm Lieutenant-General Krymov.

Thaum lub sij hawm no Kerensky tau ua si nws ib feem. Lub yim hli ntuj 27, nws hais rau Kornilov commander nyob rau hauv Hmoob mus resign, thiab tom qab txoj kev cai-kev tsis ua hauj lwm ua raws li, tshaj tawm hais tias ntxeev siab. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, Kerensky tsis suav rau lub fact tias Kornilov mloog nws lus. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib tug zoo provocation, uas muaj lub aim kom ntxiv dag zog lub hwj chim ntawm Kerensky nws tus kheej.

Yog li ntawd tsis meej pem Kerensky pib mus sib nrog rau tus nqi nyob rau hauv uas lub intermediary ua raws li tub huabtais Lvov. Nws yog ua kom discredit Kornilov, tab sis lub nruab nrab tsoom fwv tseem tsis kam kom paub txog hais tias ib tug ntxeev siab. Nyob rau hauv lub teb, cov Kerensky tsoom fwv thiab yaj appropriates thaum muaj xwm ceev dictatorial powers. Nws tus kheej Kornilov tuskheej los ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm, txawm hais tias nws yog kiag li txhaum cai. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yog sim kom txhob rau ua ntej ntawm lub "Tsiaj qus cov kev faib" Kornilov rau Petrograd.

Kornilov, Kerensky tsis kam ua raws li, assumes hwj chim nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev paub thiab pib muab kev plov meej rau cov neeg thiab cov tub rog. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws cog lus tias "cawm lub Great Russia", lub convening ntawm lub Constituent los ua ke, liam tus Bolsheviks nyob rau hauv collusion nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees, hu rau cov neeg tsis mloog lus ntawm tsoom fwv. Kornilov hais lus twb kev txhawb los ntawm ntau cov koom haum thiab cov tub rog koom haum ua teb. Tab sis vim hais tias lawv tsis tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam Kornilov, cov nyiaj them yug yuav muaj tsuas ncaj ncees.

Kerensky nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm desperately sim los ntawm tag nrho cov txhais tau tias kom tsis txhob Kornilov. Nws xa ib tug xov ordering rau urgently mus rau St. Petersburg, tab sis Kornilov tsis kam mus ua raws li Kerensky. Nyob rau hauv lub teb, nws tab exposes nws neeg pab leg ntaubntawv: mus cais los ntawm tsoom fwv nom tswv uas, raws li lub Kornilov nws tus kheej, yog traitors rau lub teb chaws, thiab tsim kom muaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ib tug ruaj thiab muaj zog lub hwj chim.

Tsiaj qus cov kev faib ze zog mus rau Petrograd tsiv. Cov chaw nres tsheb Antropshino lawv npaj ib tug gunfight nrog lub Petrograd garrison, xov nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm no Tiaj Nyom thiab disarm lub zos garrison. Lub interim tsoom fwv to taub hais tias nws yog tsis muaj peev xwm tiv nrog Kornilov, li ntawd, mus nrhiav kev pab los ntawm cov Bolsheviks. Cov xa lawv agitators mus rau lub pab tub rog ntawm Kornilov, lub Petrograd neeg ua hauj lwm thiab officially tso tawm riam phom uas yuav ua si ib decisive luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub yeej ntawm lub Bolsheviks nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig.

Yuav ua kom cov tub rog ntawm Kornilov ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv 29 lub yim hli ntuj. Saboteurs rhuav railway khiav thiab lub agitators tau ntxias cov tub rog mus muab lawv cov caj npab thiab kev swb. Krymov tshuav nws pab tub rog thiab mus rau Petrograd. Nws paub tias muaj neeg lav, yog li nyob rau tib hnub tom qab hais lus nrog Kerensky fatally tua nws tus kheej txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv nyob rau hauv lub hauv siab.

Kornilov tsis kam khiav mus twv, txawm hais tias xws li ib tug tseem tau muab. 1 Cuaj hlis generals thiab ze cov neeg mus nws twb puas tau raug ntes. General Kornilov mutiny twb suppressed.

Kornilov revolt: siv rau

Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia, qhov kev tshwm sim ua si ib qho tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm. Kerensky twb sim sau nws lub hwj chim, thiab es tsis txhob ua si rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov Bolsheviks. Lawv tau txais lig kev cai lij choj lub sij hawm mus rau sab caj npab rau lawv tus kheej. Nws pib nws tsim tshiab detachments Liab tus neeg zov. Lub camp yog "txoj cai" nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb faib tiv thaiv nws tus kheej, thiab yog li poob lub peev xwm kom thiab ntxiv dag zog nws lub hwj chim.

Tom qab cov txheej xwm, cov soviets pib ib tug tshiab tshooj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm uas coj mus rau lub tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Daim Ntawv tsoom fwv thiab lub yeej ntawm lub Bolsheviks nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig.