Kev tsim kho tshiab yog dab tsi? Kev tsim kho ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab kos duab. Chekhov raws li ib tug innovator

Kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev ua lag luam yog qhov kev tsim tshiab, qhov tsim muaj ib qho tshiab rau cov laus, qee zaus nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab lig kev cai thiab cov hauv paus. Kev tsim kho tshiab yog khoom plig tshwj xeeb, kev muaj peev xwm los tsim thiab xav txog kev xav, hais txog kev zoo ntawm tib neeg.

Kev tsim kho nyob rau hauv daim duab

Nyob rau hauv daim duab, innovation yog ib txwm sib tsoo nrog kev thuam, nrog ib tug to taub yuam kev, txawm nrog kev raug txim. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj duab sculptors, cov neeg ua yeeb yam, cov neeg sau ntawv tshiab, cov kev cai tsis tsim.

Piv txwv li, Giotto di Bondone yog tus lag luam loj tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub caij nyoog. Txij li thaum ub, nws tau lees txais tias cov nuj nqis ntawm kev ntseeg kev cai dab qhuas thiab kev txhawj xeeb nyob hauv cov huab cua. Tab sis lub Florentine Giotto yog thawj nquag muab lawv ko taw mus rau hauv av. Nws kuj tau hloov cov tswvyim thiab qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm daim duab thiab tus kws kos duab thiab ntawm daim duab thiab ntsia nws. Lawm, innovation tsis tau sai li sai tau ntsib nrog ib tug sov teb, txawm tias Giotto di Bondone thiab nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm pom zoo raws li ib tug kuj zoo kawg thiab tus tswv.

Innovators cuam tshuam los ntawm thuam

Cov neeg pleev kob hu ua Michelangelo Buonarroti rau nws cov kev nrhav yuav luag tau ua txhaum ntawm heresy. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tau saib lub cev ntawm cov neeg ntseeg tsis yog liab qab xwb, tab sis nrog cov poj niam undisguised. Peb lub xyoos tom qab ntawd, cov neeg ntseeg "hnav khaub ncaws" lwm cov neeg ua yeeb yam nyob rau ntawm cov tub ceev xwm. Thiab nws tsis yog kom txog thaum 1994 tias cov duab raug xa rov mus rau lawv thawj qhov tsos. Ntau pua xyoo txij thaum ntawd los.

Los ntawm kev thuam ntawm lawv nrhav nyob rau hauv kos duab raug kev txom nyem lub sculptor Jean-Baptiste Pigalle (Enlightenment), cov artist Teodor Zheriko (Romantic era) thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

Innovation nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv Russia

Los ntawm Latin novator thiab txhais - "updater". Innovation - yog kawm ntawm cov zajlus txheej txheem, nws daim ntawv rov ntxiv, tshiab discoveries thiab achievements nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv.

Hauv n phau ntawv nyeem, lub ntsiab lus nplua nuj yog lub xyoo pua puas xyoo, nws 50-60-xyoo. Tom qab ntawd, kev sau ntawv thiab kev thuam kev ntseeg tau tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo, Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv los ua tus kws lij choj hauv lub ntiaj teb. Nws muaj kev sib tham txog sia mus thoob ntiaj teb. Lub XIX xyoo pua yog lub hnub nyoog ntawm tsim ntawm cov lus sau nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab Pushkin Alexander Sergeyevich contributed rau qhov no nyob rau hauv ntau lub respects. Cov paj huam ntawm lub Golden muaj hnub nyoog (lub thiaj-hu ua nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub XIX century) pib mus rau rethink lawv creativity. Cov paj huam tau tshwm sim tshiab, cov kws sau paj huam tau sim ua rau tib neeg lub ntsej muag rau lub hom phiaj, kom txhim kho lawv lub tebchaws.

Prose tsis tau sawv ntsug li. Gogol thiab Pushkin yog cov founders ntawm cov hom tshiab. Qhov no yog "tus txiv neej me me" Gogol, thiab "txiv neej ntxiv" Pushkin, thiab lwm tus.

Lub xyoo pua puas tawm cuaj khaum hauv kev coj ua ntej hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua opens tshiab lub npe - Leskov, Gorky, Ostrovsky thiab Chekhov.

Lub innovation ntawm Chekhov Anton Pavlovich raws li ib tug playwright

Anton Pavlovich kho cov yeebyam tshiab. Nws tawm tsam kev ua zoo nkauj thiab kev tsis tsimtxom. Hauv nws plays neeg thiab lub neej tau pom tias lawv yog. Nws tsis kam txais qhov teebmeem ntawm cov kev ua yeeb yam qub.

Piv txwv, qhov kev ua si "Cherry Orchard" yog kiag li tshiab rau lub ua yeeb yam. Nws tsis yog tus yeeb yam, tab sis ib zaj dab neeg lyrical. Nyob rau hauv kev ua si muaj tsis muaj kev txhaj tshuaj, sab nrauv intrigue thiab ib tug spectacular xaus. Tag nrho lub tswv yim yog raws li lub dav siab thaum tsim los ntawm tag nrho ntawm tag nrho cov scenes. Chekhov tsis tau muab qhov kev ua si los cuam tshuam, nws tsis tsim lub cim tseem ceeb - tus neeg nyob ib puag ncig uas qhov teeb meem yuav tshwm sim. Chekhov muab cov neeg saib xyuas thiab nyeem cov kev nkag siab ntawm kev xav ntawm cov neeg koom tes. Lyrism, simplicity, pauses los txhim kho cov nyhuv thiab kev piav qhia ntawm toj roob hauv pes - tag nrho pab txhawb rau kev xav ntawm kev xav.

Stanislavsky tau hais tias Chekhov nyob rau theem nws muaj qhov tseeb thiab sab nraud. Chekhov qhia rau hauv nws cov plays inaccuracies, understatement, raws li tau zoo sib tham-raws li nyob rau hauv lub neej.

Qhov no yog ib qho kev hloov tshiab rau Lavxias teb sab chaw thiab cov ntaub ntawv.