Kev tshawb fawb thiab pab rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Lomonosov

Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov mus ib txhis ploj mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li ib tug zoo kawg reformer ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus thiab cov paj huam. Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua tau los ntawm tus tseem ceeb kev hloov uas tau tuaj mus rau cov kev cai thiab kev lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws tom qab lub kho ntawm Peter. MV Lomonosov nyob ntawm cov me nyuam yug ntawm tus tshiab Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Nws - tsis yog ib tug zoo paub txog nws lub sij hawm, tab sis kuj zoo kws sau paj lug ntawm lub era. Yog li ntawd dab tsi yog qhov pab ntawm University nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv? Nws sau tau tej hauj lwm ntawm heev txawv lwm yam: lub dab neeg, epigram, lyric paj huam, satire, Odes, xwm txheej. Tab sis nws tsis yog tsuas yog lub muaj nqis nyob rau hauv no.

Cov kho kom zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus

Lub npe peb nyob qib qub University thiab lub kho kom zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws tsim cov thawj scientific qauv sau ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab. Nws ua hauj lwm rau hauv peb yeej, cov essence ntawm uas yog hais tias lub tsev teev ntuj-phau ntawv nws yog outdated thiab yog ib yam ntawm cov nres, yog revolutionary thaum lub sij hawm. Uas yog vim li cas tus pab ntawm University nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis tsum overestimated. Nws xub hu ua nyob rau los tsim ib tug ntshiab thiab cus ciav lus. Thiab rau cov uas qiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm pej xeem hais lus thiab paub cov ntsiab nyob rau hauv lub artwork. Nyob rau hauv nws "Tsab ntawv rau kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab versification" (1739) nws hais tias cov lus yuav tsum tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntuj zog, thiab tsis qiv ntsiab ntawm lwm tus hais lus. Tab sis qhov no soj yog qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv peb hnub, thaum lub Lavxias teb sab lus yog tag nrho English lus, Americanisms uas displace hom lus.

M. V. Lomonosov: ib pab mus rau lub Lavxias teb sab lus thiab ntaub ntawv

Linguistics thiab Literature - Science multifaceted. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lawv txoj kev kawm, thiab nws tsom rua lub style. Thiab ces ib tug tiag tiag invaluable pab cov ntaub ntawv uas cov Lomonosov. Nws pom tias txoj kev siv cov uas tsis muaj, ntsis thiab siab style. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? High style yog yuav siv rau kev sau ntawv Odes, kwv huam, festive has lug hab. Medium - rau tus phooj ywg ntawv. Ib tug uas tsis muaj style twb pom zoo kom qhia li ib txwm cov dab neeg, composing comedies, epigrams, zaj nkauj. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev siv tso cai thiab prostonarechy. Yog li ntawd Mikhail sib haum xeeb ua ke qub thiab tshiab rau ib tug.

Cov kab lus hais tias cov Lomonosov ua ib tug enormous pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv - tsis yog pathetic. Nws muaj ib tug sib sib zog nqus paub nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov caij nyoog sciences, yog me ntsis txog cov Western European lus, Latin thiab Greek. Ntuj tej txuj ci pub Lomonosov rau nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm Lavxias teb sab scientific thiab cov kev terminology. Nws lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no. Peb feem ntau tsis txawm paub tias hais tias muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus kos mus txog rau ntawm nws lub tswv yim pom zoo, yog siv niaj hnub no. Piv txwv li, tej lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, lub ntiaj teb txoj axis ... Nws yog Michael V. tswvcuab ib tug xov tooj ntawm scientific terminology lus nrog zoo tib yam txhua hnub lub ntsiab lus: lub zog ntawm tus hais, thwmsim. Maj mam, cov nrhav tau hloov txoj kev cai cov laus terminology. Yog li ntawd zoo kawg ib tug naas ej Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm kev hais lus, tsis muaj uas nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau kev tswj thiab niaj hnub pundits, thiab yooj yim townsfolk.

Uas nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev sau ntawv creation

Thiab tam sim no wb mus rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab npe ntawm peb cov kev sib tham, thiab nco ntsoov (thiab tej zaum ib txhia tsuas paub) dab tsi yog qhov pab ntawm lub University cov ntaub ntawv uas ... Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nws tau ua tiav rau lub kho kom zoo ntawm versification thiab phwj los ntawm nws tus kheej tej hauj lwm ntawm poetic ib hom ntawv nyeem.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Lomonosov pab mus rau rov tshwm sim ntawm classicism nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Nws Odes nws tau koob meej Lavxias teb sab kov yeej lawv cov yeeb ncuab ( "Ode rau lub Tos mus ntawm Khotin"). Tab sis lawv kuj muaj cov scientific thiab kev cai dab qhuas ntxhais ( "Sawv ntxov meditation rau lub Divine Majesty"). Lomonosov yog los ntawm qhov ib tug kws sau paj lug-pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, nws kom meej meej qha nws tus kheej tus cwj pwm ntawm cov paj huam. Michael V. hu nkauj Empress Elizabeth raws li ib tug supporter ntawm kev kawm ntawv, zoo siab tos txais kev thaj yeeb thiab nyob ntsiag to raws li ib tug guarantee ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm sciences. Nws qhuas tus kho ntawm Peter.

Thiab raws li cov kws sau paj lug qhia txog cov expanses ntawm niam Russia, seas, dej ntws thiab forests! Tag nrho cov riches yuav tsum txawj thiab muab tso rau lawv nyob rau cov kev pab cuam muaj hwj huam thiab cov neeg kawm cov txiv neej. Lomonosov ntseeg heev nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab neeg. Raws li nws, lub hwj chim thiab kev pab ntawm cov powers pw nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub caij nyoog sciences.

multi-ncau cwm pwm

University pab rau cov ntaub ntawv - nws yog ib tug tshiab nqe loj, me, thiab lwm yam kev hais lus thiab cov ntsiab lus. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nrog rau qhov no tshiab era pib nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias thaum tus nqi ntawm Lomonosov lub chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, lawv tsuas yog ib sab rau nws. Nws lub ntsiab specialization yog science. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, lub hauv paus rau tus txiv neej no sawv nrog ntau dua quab yuam. Thiab nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv sau tej hauj lwm, nws saib raws li qhov feem ntau zoo hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev qhia ntawm revolutionary lub tswv yim. Clematis siv thiab xws li ntaub ntawv paj huam raws li epigrams satirical, playful nqe ua si. Thaum laj ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sij hawm nws ua si los cua daj cua dub thiab tej zaum hnyav thuam.

Tej hauj lwm ntawm tus poj tus paub txog

Classical kev tshawb xav Lomonosov nkag tau rau hauv lub nascent Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, qhov chaw uas nws yeej tag nrho ib txhiab yim pua. Mikhailo Vasilyevich hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev sau ntawv hom lus thiab cov paj huam yog: "Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv" (1755-1757), "Discourse rau hauv phau ntawv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj kev siv nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus" (1757), "Tsab ntawv rau kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab versification" (1739). Yuav kom ntsuam xyuas lub tshab ntawm University nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov lus, nws yog tsim nyog los nkag siab txog qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv uas Lavxias teb sab yog cov lus nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv lub ancient tsab ntawv chiv tsim ib tug ntse divergence ntawm kev sau ntawv hais lus, hais lus thiab nyob "phau ntawv". Qhov no qhov teeb meem ntxiv rau xya centuries. Tab sis, nrog Petra Velikogo kho zoo nkaus li tsis paub tseeb sib tov ntawm tshiab ntsiab. Tsuas yog Lomonosov, nrog nws ntse heev, yog tau tsim los ntawm lub chaos ntawm lub slender ibyam ntawm lub tshiab kev sau ntawv hom lus. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv Mikhail Vasilyevich thawj formulated nruj kev cai precisely defining qhov txawv ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab tej lus.

Summing li

Yuav ua li cas puas tau M. V. Lomonosov rau peb? Pab mus rau lub Lavxias teb sab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub pundit yog tiag tiag lossis loj, txawm li cas los, raws li cov tau nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov caij nyoog sciences. Nws txhab rau lub verge nruj me ntsis tswj classicism poetics, qhia tau hais tias ntxiv txoj kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Romantic paj huam yuav siv nws txoj kev thiab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thib kaum cuaj caug xyoo. Mikhail Vasilievich yog tus founder ntawm lub Ode, tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb poetic daim ntawv yuav tsum tau rau kev nthuav qhia ntawm siab patriotic tswv yim.

Hais tias yog dab tsi yog tus pab ntawm University nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.