Junker Lermontov lub paj huam thiab ib tug nyuag tsom xam

Lermontov tej hauj lwm, sau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo nws siv nyob rau hauv lub cadet tsev kawm ntawv, tsis yog lub npe hu mus rau ib tug dav pawg neeg. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws lub neej thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no ua tsis tau sib tham txog los yog txawm rau nco ntsoov, tsis txhob sully lub cim xeeb ntawm txoj kev kaj lug ntse heev ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Meanwhile, nws yog ces hais tias tau sau los ntawm tus naas ej cadet paj huam Lermontov! "Goshpital", "Peterhof nyiaj so koobtsheej" thiab "Ulanshu" kuaj ntawm siab style tsis tau hu ua txawm tias ib tug stretch, tab sis muab pov rau lawv tawm ntawm lub legacy ntawm lub kws sau paj lug tsis - nws txoj hmoo lub Cadet "pranks" hais tias ntau xyoo tom qab ntawd.

ntuav hluas

Kawm nyob rau St. Petersburg University, kev hloov mus rau Moscow University, ces rov qab mus rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg - sawv pob ua carefree hluas. Txawb ub txawb ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub ob capitals tau tas rau Lermontov tsev kawm ntawv ensigns tiv thaiv thiab cavalry Kawm ua tub rog, qhov uas nws tau yuam kom ua nyob rau hauv 1832. Lub txuas yam, kev ntseeg Petersburg cov txheeb ze - thiab tam sim no M. Yu. Lermontov nyob rau hauv lub cadet tsev kawm ntawv. Romantic lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej tseg.

Cov kev kawm ntawv nyob rau Kawm ua tub rog yog heev tibneeg hu tauj coob, ntxiv laum tub rog ua nyob rau hauv txoj kev ywj pheej-hlub cov tub hluas los ntawm muaj nyiaj tsev neeg yog tsis nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev - thiab tag nrho lawv cov dawb lub sij hawm tub hluas ntxhais hluas siv nyob rau hauv childish binges thiab carousing. Niaj hnub no xws self-indulgence yuav hu de-kev nyuaj siab, nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ib tug hluas psyche spared raws li ntau li ntau peb, thiab cadet yog hu ua tsis yog tsuas yog raws li debauchery.

Xyoo poob lub sij hawm

Tus tub hluas uas tau sau ntawv thaum muaj hnub nyoog 17 nws thawj ci ntsa iab paj huam - "Angel", nws yog tsim nyog, tsis nco qab rau ib tug lub sij hawm ntawd cov romantic dluab, yuav tsum tau zoo ib yam li txhua leej txhua tus. Lermontov, dua li cov khees tsis muaj zog yog incredibly muaj zog nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes - nws khoov duav hlau tu pas nrig, tying ib pob cyuam, tso dag. Lub hwj chim no, tus muaj peev xwm mus tau yooj yim compose satirical epigrams, artistic txuj ci Lermontov pab ib tug lub koob npe nrov ntawm cov Kawm ua tub rog rau lawv daring. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov khub barracks tsis xav tau nws romantic nonsense - comrades demanded ib tug paj huam hais lus phem, ntxhib, tsis them nrog kev txaj muag. Lawv yuav tsum tau cadet kwv huam. Lermontov encyclopedia Iwj nyob rau hauv cov xyoo yog xws li paj huam. Cov "Ulansha", "Peterhof nyiaj so koobtsheej", "Goshpital" - yog tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis ib tug zaub ntawm pornographic lub neej tiag tiag Kawm ua tub rog. Nyob zoo Lermontov, Pushkin kuj sau tau candid intimate paj huam, tab sis nws yog ib intimate, thaum lawv mus Lermontov. Rau ob xyoo nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis muaj dab tsi zoo heev kws sau paj lug tsim - nyob rau hauv nws lub neej twb cruelly poob lub sij hawm.

Dawb Huv yog luag thuam

Dua li ntawm qhov deb ntawm cov dlej coj cwj pwm ntawm Kawm ua tub rog, ib co moments ntawm lub biography ntawm Lermontov hais tias cov nom tswv cajceg yog nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Michel adored nws pog kws sau paj lug - E. A. Arseneva - yog tsis muaj peev xwm tawm nws ib leeg xwb. Ntiav ib chav tsev nyob ze ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws tsiv mus rau nws tus tub qhe, uas nws lub luag hauj lwm nws yog mus rau sawv txhua tag kis, nws tshee thiab kev txhawj gentleman ib tug ob peb feeb ua ntej tsev kawm ntawv nce mus rau unbearable drumbeat phem tsis ntxim nyob rau hauv nws psyche, pub rau tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm cov tais diav. Prized tsis paub txaj muag cadet Kwv huam Lermontov comrades paub txog kuv pog tus hlub rau lub kws sau paj lug, tab sis lub mos twb yeej tsis tus kwv uas lawv ridicule. Tiam lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm ib tug tub xeeb ntxwv thiab pog hluas Junkers ntaus nqi yuav luag raws li ib tug neeg dawb huv. Contemporaries ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, ib tug thiab tag nrho, nco ntsoov tias cov saum toj no Lermontov cov niam txiv lawv tau tso cai rau lawv tus kheej mus ua si ua kom yuam kev lawm nws pog - yeej tsis.

Contradictions nyob rau hauv kev kawm kev soj ntsuam

Ib Txwm ntawm lub cadet tsev kawm ntawv, uas nyob rau hauv qhov ntev mus dhia thiab nws nqes mus rau hauv keeb kwm vim hais tias cov kawm ua ke nrog Lermontov, ces mam li muab dramatically txawv kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kev sib raug ntawm cov kws sau paj lug nrog classmates, variously piav nws raws li ib tug neeg. Thiab qhov no tseem yog ib tug txoj kev uas Lermontov sau nyob rau hauv cov xyoo. Nws tab luag los ntawm tag nrho cov npe ntawm ib co mus ib txhis khi rau nws lub verses thiab cov kwv huam cadet xyoo. Cov lawv Tizengauzen, uas yog nplooj siab mus kov rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm ib qho ntawm tus naas ej paj huam, Shahovsky, Polivanov, None Baryatinsky ... Xeem mob siab ib zaj paj huam! Yuav ua li cas yuav nws zam txim rau Lermontov "Goshpital", nyob rau hauv uas lub roj ntsha vaj ntxwv nyob rau hauv lub cadet tsev kawm ntawv pom tau hais tias nyob rau hauv kab hauv qab no: "Thiab emboldened los ntawm cov cawv txiv hmab steaming scrambled txheej tsev sab saud peb None; Nws nias lub latch - los nrog kub taub hau, nws ob txhais tes tuav nws tus kheej ... ". Ntxiv zaj dab neeg txog lub adventures ntawm tus tub huabtais txawm tsawg qab ntxiag. Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg Baryatinsky, dreaming ntawm ib tug intimate encounter nrog ib tug hluas tub txib, nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti, tsis meej pem nws nrog cov poj niam laus thiab dhia nyob rau ntawd nrog tag nrho cov mob siab rau ntawm nws hluas zog tuaj impatience. Tsis yog zoo li cov hwjchim ci ntsa iab uas yog muab tub huabtais Junker paj huam Lermontov, nws yuav muab yug nyob rau hauv nws lub siab puas paub zoo ntawm cov pob qij txoj kev tshawb no.

Tuag acquaintance ntawm lub cadet tsev kawm ntawv

Qhov chaw nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm 1834 (tom Lermontov tus claim hais tias nws yog lub caij ntuj no) nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv txiav txim siab mus rau luam tawm ib tug handwritten phau ntawv journal "Lub tsev kawm ntawv kaj ntug". Nws tuaj tawm nyob rau hauv cov hnub Wednesdays. Tag nrho lub lim tiam txhua leej txhua tus muaj peev xwm sau dab tsi xav, thiab muab tso rau nws phau tau txhais nyob rau hauv ib tug xaiv tub rau khoom ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ntxhuav nyob rau hauv ib tug dormitory. Wednesday yav tsaus ntuj, cov thawj tau sewn thiab ces tau nyeem nrov nrov. Cov feem nrov sau ntawm lub "tsev kawm ntawv ntawm qhov kaj ntug" yog, ntawm chav kawm, Lermontov. Junker paj huam Lermontov yuav tsis tsum luam tawm nyob rau hauv no magazine, tiam sis los ntawm cov nplooj ntawv ntawm txhua lub limtiam tsev kawm ntawv lawv twb zoo paub rau tag nrho cov Kawm ua tub rog uas kawm ua ke nrog Lermontov. Lwm cov kev contributor rau lub magazine yog tsis muaj lwm yam tshaj li Nikolai Martynov - foom phem peb zoo kws sau paj lug killer.

Nyob rau hauv nws "Confessions," uas Martynov sau tom qab lub neeg tuag taus txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv, nws nws los piav, yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv Pyatigorsk Lermontov hu ua rau ib tug duel, yog vim li cas tsis nco. Insults los ntawm lawv los ntawm lub cadet tsev kawm ntawv, thiab tau ncaim lawv tus cim no - Martynov yuav tsis nco qab txog lub qub lus tso dag rau nws tus kheej los ntawm cov kws sau paj lug.

Junker ua uncensored

Tej zaum Martynov thiab lawv tau muaj yog vim li cas yuav tsum tau ua txhaum rau los ntawm Lermontov, tab sis ib tug ntau heev ntawm cov bases muaj cov npe hais nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Lawv cov npe yog teev saum toj no, tab sis ib txhia ntawm cov lus tseeb ntawm lub neej txhua hnub Kawm ua tub rog dhau nyob rau hauv cov paj huam "Ode rau lub outhouse," tham txog cov ugliness ntawm tus cwj pwm txawm ntau los ntawm cov neeg noble tsev neeg. Yog hais tias lub luv luv ua hauj lwm "Yuav kom Tizengauzenu" Lermontov sau innocuous: "Koj tsis VOD li languid qhov muag, puag ncig ... yog tsis ntsug, voluptuousness thiab vice txhob txwm tsis dag ...", tus "Ode rau lub outhouse," lub kws sau paj lug frankly qhia nyeem txog ntau nrog cov tub hluas homosexual . Yuav ua li cas cadet Lermontov zaj paj huam los yog kwv huam ntawm cov xyoo dispense nrog lub tom ntej no feem puas tshwm sim? Tshwj tsis yog tias nws "Junker kev thov Vajtswv" - hais tias lawv tau nkag mus rau hauv ib tug me me sau los ntawm officially lees paub tias nyob rau hauv cov ob xyoos Lermontov txawj tej hauj lwm sau los ntawm nws (nrog ib tug 1832 rau 1834-th) hais tias cov kws sau paj lug siv nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Nws frivolous kwv huam yeej tsis tau luam tawm, rau cuab yog vim li cas.

Hwjchim ci ntsa iab hwjchim ci ntsa iab discord

Yog hais tias lub siab lub ntsws ntawm ib co tom paub tab thiab loj hlob koj tus kheej thuam, lub candid dab neeg nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm cov npe uas tsis tau reflected nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, ua si rau nws nyob rau hauv kev ib tug phem lub npe, thiab muab ntxiv rau prejudice nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov neeg tag txawv teb chaws mus rau lub kws sau paj lug. Noble cov txiv tsev rau ntawm cov khoom thiab secular receptions tsis lawv cov ntxhais los yog poj niam vicious kws sau paj lug los txog ze - uas tau tshaj tsev kawm ntawv hwjchim ci ntsa iab txawj sau ntawv hais lus phem poemok sau "Hero of Our Lub sij hawm" phem heev puas. Tab sis txawm cov tsos rau cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv Magazine tsam Pechorin tsis sai li sai tau erased qhov tsis zoo tswv yim nyob rau hauv lub minds ntawm Russians, uas sowed lawv Junker paj huam Lermontov. Sau nyob rau hauv kev tuag ntawm Pushkin lub paj huam "Kev tuag ntawm ib tug Poet" dog dig hloov lub zuag qhia tag nrho kev, tab sis thaum kawg tig mus rau lub yeej muaj tseeb paub txog Mikhail Yurevich consummated tsuas yog tom qab qhov kev tso tawm ntawm "Hero of Our Lub sij hawm". Gone yog lub xyoo, muaj ntau yam tau tshwm sim ua ntej lub teeb "tsis nco qab" boyish stupidity Lermontov.

Tsis tsuas yog hais txog lub neej txhua hnub

Lermontovedov cam hais tias zaj paj huam "Haji Abrek" raws li ib tug ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub "Dab" tau sau cia li nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb nyob rau hauv lub cadet tsev kawm ntawv. Comrades, lub kws sau paj lug hais tias feem ntau heev tom qab curfew Lermontov mus nyob deb cov chav kawm thiab muaj yog ib tug ntev lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv silence thiab solitude sau. Ib tug tau txais lub tswv yim tias lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob ob tug sib txawv Lermontov: lub hnub nws yog ib tug dog dig cadet, tsis zoo li lwm yam xws li bullies thiab skeptics (li nws frivolous poemki), thiab thaum hmo ntuj nws yog hloov mus rau hauv nws tus kheej - ib tug nyias, lam tau lam ua, tag nrho ntawm Romanticism thiab lub plawv txoj kev xav. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias "Ismail Bey", launched rov qab rau hauv Moscow, tau ua tiav lawm xwb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb nyob rau hauv lub cadet tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws pib ua hauj lwm rau tus tshiab "Vadim", uas tsis tau appended. Nws yog gratifying hais tias cov tub ceev xwm 'cov kwv huam thiab zaj paj huam Lermontov xyoo tom qab faded tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm tej hauj lwm mob siab rau mus rau lawv nyiam Caucasus, mus ncig thiab taug mus rau lwm cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog ntawm kev hwm.

Kua zaub ntsuab, zipped los ntawm lub xyoo

Tag nrho cov ntawd kub ntev li ob lub xyoos nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis ua ntej qhov kev tuag ntawm cov kws sau paj lug cov candid poetic tej hauj lwm raws li nyob rau ntawm nws luj taws. Raws li twb tau sau tseg, lub cadet Lermontov lub paj huam Nws qhia lub txaj muag lub neej ntawm heev neeg tiag tiag. Thiab ob tug txiv neej ntawm cov neeg uas kawm nrog tus kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, ua si nyob rau hauv nws lub neej tuag luag hauj lwm. Nws Martynov (tshwj xeeb piav muab ntawm no yog tsis tsim nyog) thiab Baryatinsky (nws kev sib ntxub ntawm Lermontov loj hlob nyob rau lub xyoo xwb). Pab mus rau qhov no nyiam kws sau paj lug ntawm lub Caucasus.

Lermontov feem ntau mus xyuas Pyatigorsk, qhov uas nws tseem yog ib tug me nyuam nqa los tsev pog. Yuav ua li cas yog Baryatinsky hais tias ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab tso tawm los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv los ua ib tug teb Marshal, Governor ntawm lub Caucasus thiab mus kev rau lub Emperor, to taub hais tias tom qab nws qhev ntxhi txog nws lewd tus cwj pwm puas tau sau tawm nyob rau hauv lub hais tsis zoo "Goshpitale"? Thiab ces muaj thiab Lermontov los ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov muag yog looming. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, Baryatinsky quab yuam ntawm nws lub hwj chim raws li nws yuav ua mob ua hauj lwm nce qib kws sau paj lug. Cov no yog neeg tuag taus cadet pranks.

Tag nrho cov qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv peb lub xyoos

Siv cov kev faib ntawm thaum ntxov kwv huam ntawm Lermontov, sau nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm meej pem creativity, thiab txawv style thiab loj. Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam yuav luag tiav tsis muaj daim ntawv thiab ib tug nplua mais ntawm pompous epithets. Los ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm ib co ntawm cov kwv huam yuav pom glimpses ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej ntse heev, tab sis phau ntawv kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tau hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam uas tau raug tsim los ntawm Lermontov, tau sau ntawv los ntawm 1838 mus 1841 xyoo - kawg nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. Me ntsis apart yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1831 "Angel" nyob rau hauv lub 1837th "Kev tuag ntawm ib tug kws sau paj lug."

Nyob rau hauv peb lub xyoos muaj "novice", lub xeem (yim) ib tsab ntawm "Lub dab", "Hero of Our Lub sij hawm". Lermontov tus txuj ci tsim sai heev. Tsis muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li cas nws tau sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, yog hais tias tsis tua ib tug khub cadet tsev kawm ntawv?