Howitzer "Peony": yam ntxwv. Self-Propelled howitzer 2S7 "pion"

Confronting NATO tub rog pawg thiab lub teb chaws ntawm lub Warsaw Pact nyob rau hauv lub lig sixties - thaum ntxov seventies ua aggravated. Txheej xwm nyob rau hauv Czechoslovakia, rau qhov build-up ntawm US nuclear nyob rau hauv lub backdrop ntawm kev Vietnam War, heev heev regional tsis sib haum - tag nrho cov no tshwm sim los ntawm feem ntau phem heev xav kom ib thaj yeeb yav tom ntej. Cov tub rog tej lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub Soviet Union muab tsis yog ib tug rog xav txog ntawm tau aggression thiab instantaneous hloov mus rau lub offensive nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav hloov lub active cheeb tsam ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau lwm lub chaw uas zoo heev. Yuav kom siv qhov kev npaj no, tus haib pab tub rog tog koom nyob rau hauv lub nroog tau teem nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ib feem ntawm lub USSR. Tuav fortified kab tej zaum tus yeeb ncuab, lawv twb nyob rau hauv ib tug teeb meem ntau ntau yam riam phom, tsis tsuas defensive tab sis kuj offensive. Ib tug xws li lub cuab tam thiab los ua ib tug self-propelled howitzer 2S7 "pion", muaj peev xwm ntawm firing tsis tau tsuas yog cov pa (blasting), tab sis kuj los ntawm tshwj xeeb nqi. Nyob rau hauv cov tub rog cov lus thiaj hu ua nuclear riam phom.

keeb kwm keeb kwm yav dhau

Tus thawj Soviet nuclear warhead ntse soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv 1949. Tab sis ob peb muaj lub riam phom uas huab hwm coj kev puas tsuaj, rau nws daim ntawv thov tus me nyuam lub nruab uas yuav tsum tau. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, tsuas yog txoj kev mus rau ib tug nuclear strike aircraft twb bombing thiab Stalin lub Soviet Union yog nyob rau hauv lub pov tseg ntawm tsuas yog ib hom ntawm aircraft, tau nqa multi-tuj txaus ntshai tab kaum deb txaus. Tu-4 theej los ntawm ib tug American B-29, yav tas los "distinguished" tawm tsam rau Hiroshima thiab Nagasaki. Tab sis lub Soviet artillery systems tau ntshai li ob rau tsis muaj leej twg, thiab yog ib tus thawj yog cov tswv yim ntawm kev siv lawv rau tua nuclear bombs me me muaj peev xwm. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab ntau tshaj ob xyoo lawm, howitzer "Peony" tau los ua ib tug tiag tiag materialization ntawm tus tsim lub tswv yim, thiab ces, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov fifties, nws sim kom paub, tiam sis tsis heev ntse. Tests ntawm nws tus kheej-propelled phom thiab hnyav mortars 2A3 2B1 qhia ob peb yam tseem ceeb flaws ntawm cov tshuab, mas vim lawv bulkiness thiab hnyav hnyav. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm N. S. Hruscheva artillery nres mus xav txog niaj hnub riam phom. Raws li nws muab tawm, nws yog premature.

tactical ua hauj lwm

Thaum lub sij hawm loj-scale xaiv yaam offensive lag luam, raws li cov tub rog theorists thiab generals, nyob rau hauv thawj theem nws yog tsim nyog los suppress twb tsis kam, plunge rau hauv lub chaos ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab kev tswj ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, li no ua rau lub feem ntau kev puas tsuaj rau nws cov kev tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm ua. Yuav kom ua tau hauj lwm no nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm siv tactical missiles, bombers thiab phem aircraft thiab lwm yam txhais tau tias ntawm hluav taws raug, xws li ntev-ntau artillery. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm lub yav tas yog lub txheeb ze cheapness ntawm txhua txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv (piv nrog rockets) thiab problematic yeej missile nrog ib tug atomic xwb nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Cov phom yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev ntsuas, cov uas tus thawj xib fwb sawv daws yuav yog: lub firing ntau (tsis tsawg tshaj li 25 km, los yog moj kab mob sib kis nyob rau hauv cov huab yuav tau txais nws pab tub rog), ib tug txaus loj ntawm muab-charge (kwv yees li quintal) thiab ib tug es siab precision. Howitzer 2S7 "pion" raws li cov uas yuav tsum tau, Ntxiv, nws yog hnub no xam tau tias yog lub ntiaj teb no lub feem ntau haib artillery system.

Kom sib haum thiab tapped

Qhuav tseeb qhia los ntawm cov niaj hnub nyeem ntawv hais tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws tus kheej-propelled phom pib nyob rau hauv 1967, los ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm xyoo 1970, cov nqe lus ntawm reference yog thaum kawg formulated, thiab los ntawm nruab nrab 70s thawj cov ntawv luam ntawm cov tshiab qauv pib mus txog rau hauv lub Soviet Army. Txawm li cas los, tsis ntev lub fairy taleas, thiab cov ntaub ntawv yog ntev npaum li cas. Howitzer "Peony" yug los nyob rau hauv qhov mob. Tus thawj qauv, ua los ntawm cov ntoo nyob rau hauv ntuj loj, cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov USSR kws muaj txuj ci Ministry thiab cov kws txawj ntawm lub Leningrad Artillery Academy tau tsis kam lees. Ces muaj kev tsis sib haum tshaj lub caliber, vim hais tias cov phom twb meant tsis tsuas yog rau cov shooting spetszaryadami, tab sis kuj ib txwm loj ua luaj tiv thaiv complex. Tom qab ntau npaum li cas kev sib tham cov neeg muas zaub nres ntawm 203 millimeters x npaj Hoobkas cov neeg sawv cev "laj kab" raws li lub zoo loj. Xaiv ntawm lub chassis yog nyuaj heev, chassis T-10 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab T-64 tsis haum vim hais tias ntawm ib tug siab phem pullback. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, kev pom zoo tau mus txog. Kirov Hoobkas li lub taub hau tsim tawm ntawm qhov ua hauj lwm los tsim ib tug howitzer "Peony" twb staged. Cov phom twb entrusted rau cov nroj tsuag "Barricades" (Volgograd). Nrhiav ntej, tej zaum nws yuav tsum tau muab sau hais tias ob tuam txhab uas muag tau ntse coped nrog cov hauj lwm ntawm tsoom fwv.

layout armored tsev nyob

Layout duab ntawm tus kheej-propelled phom niaj hnub no zoo li yooj yim, tab sis nws loj hlob tau cog noob ib tug ntau ntawm kev rau siab. Howitzer 2S7 "pion" muaj ob lub ntsiab units, lub chassis thiab ncaj qha mus siv. Housing tracked chassis yog muab faib ua plaub compartments. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj chav tsev, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tshuab yog cov commander, ib tug neeg tsav tsheb thiab ib tug ntawm cov xam ntawm cov tub rog. Qhov no yog ua raws li los ntawm ib lub hwj chim compartment therein mounted haib diesel propulsion. Tom ntej no compartment npaj rau outdoorsy thauj arrangement muaj ob tug los yog peb (nyob ntawm seb cov kev hloov kho) xam xyuas cov tswv cuab. Muaj koj stowed mos txwv. Feed 2S7 "pion" tuav riam phom thiab phaj-opener, sawv cev rau ib yam ntawm lub tsheb nrau av thoob nrog hydraulic tsav. Thaum lub sij hawm lub shooting ntawm tus dais penetrates mus rau hauv cov av rau 70 cm thiab yuav siv sij hawm lub recoil zog.

Rotating pej thuam nyob rau hauv no tsov rog tshuab tsis muaj.

Lub tsev nyob muaj ib tug ob-txheej Bulletproof booking, txo nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nuclear nres ua nyhuv ntawm gamma tawg los ntawm ib nrab.

Fais fab tsev muab nyob rau hauv lub diesel-46-1, yog 750 liters. ib tug. self-powered hluav taws xob generator yog nqa tawm, Rotatable 24-horsepower engine, yog tseem ua hauj lwm rau solyarovoe roj. Neeg kho tshuab kis tau tus mob, ib tug tank (los ntawm T-72).

Xya khiav chais, lawv muaj ib tug neeg hydraulic poob siab absorbers, ua ib tug khub uas pem hauv ntej, khiav - rov qab.

Thaum tus tsim ntawm tus chassis ib tug ntau ntawm cov xim tau them mus rau maintainability thiab commonality nrog lub twb pov thawj rau hauv lub tso tsheb hlau luam units.

riam phom

Nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm Chief Designer GI Sergeeva KB Volgograd tsob nroj "Barricades" muaj peev xwm los tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb riam phom. Lub ib txwm thoob ntiaj teb xyaum tsim monoblock tsim ntawm lub ntsiab los ua ke ntawm tej rab phom. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias chim thiab lub breech no yog ua los ntawm ib tug hlau daim monolithic. Qhov no technology nws muaj nws zoo, tab sis nws kuj muaj ib tug tseem ceeb drawback. Chim ntawm qhov riam phom los ntawm firing coj, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tau hloov tag nrog cov breech. Howitzer "pion", rab phom uas yuav rhuav, tsis yooj yim los tsim, tab sis nws yog yooj yim los mus kho. Threaded ib feem yuav hloov, txawm nyob rau hauv lub teb. Qhov no tsim tau tau npaj nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua engineer A. Kolokoltsev nrog Obukhov Hoobkas, tab sis, ces pom tau hais tias nws yuav tsis yog, rau kev vim li cas, thiab ntawm no yog ib lub tswv yim ntawm cov feemxyuam Lavxias teb sab inventor tau pom nws incarnation.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lwm yam respects howitzer 203 hli "Peony" - yog cov feem ntau riam phom, txawm li cas los, yog haib heev. Lub qev ib feem muaj ib tug toothed arc rau qhov chaw kawm lub nce kaum sab xis 60 °, muab rau resetting lub azimuth kaum sab xis ntawm 30 DEG., Cov muzzle nres yog tsis tam sim no (qhov no kuj muaj zoo raws li ib tug me me high-siab yoj), lub rooj vag laub-rub piston. Tab sis cov no cov ntsiab lus yog paj xwb tshwj xeeb.

Yuav ua li cas mus rau nqi

Neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub munition riam phom hnyav txaus, nws muaj peev xwm luj li rau 110 kg. Yog li ntawd, nws tus kheej-propelled howitzer 2S7 "pion" yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug txhua yam ntaus ntawv nrog ib tug ntxias thiab ib tug tej thaj chaw deb tswj. Lub plhaub yuav raug rho tawm los ntawm hauv av los yog lub tsheb loj, taw lub kev hloov no yog tsis tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no. Aiming li tsis lov. Nyob rau hauv ceev mob, kuj thov tshwj xeeb stretcher trolley los yog lub xeev cov qauv.

Ntawm kev ceeb toom yog lub siab tshaj plaws degree ntawm Individuals tswj mechanisms. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis ua hauj lwm los yog hluav taws xob tsis ua hauj lwm tso zis, hydraulics los yog tshuab khiav tej lag luam yuav ua tau los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab txhais tau tias, tsuas yog xa ib kov. Nws yuav ua tau qeeb qeeb, tab sis mus rau lub tshwj kom txhob muaj teeb meem yog tseem tau.

Tus nqi yog muab nrog ib tug fuse thiab nruj heev heev rau kev sib txuas lus thawj zaug tshaj tawm projectile, lub breech feem yog pw nyob rau hauv ntaub hnab, muab cia rau hauv ib qho thawv waterproofed. Rau xws li haib riam phom no tsuas kartuzny txoj kev them.

Cov kev taw qhia thiab kev sib txuas lus

203mm howitzer "Peony" yog muab nrog ib tug yooj yim thiab txhim khu kev qha cov kev taw qhia system. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauv paus - panoramic pom hom PG-1M yog tsim los rau firing ntawm lub hom phaj qab ntug. Nws yog siv thaum nws yog tsim nyog los ua kev cai ncaj hluav taws. Shooting nyob rau tej thaj chaw deb, tab sis qhov pom khoom Gunners siv lwm yam scopes, OP4M-99A.

Lub complex kuj muaj xws li ib tug kho qhov muag periscopes TNPO-160 nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov xya daim, ntxiv rau ob zoo xws li cov muab tso rau hauv hatches. Soj yog nqa tawm thaum hmo ntuj siv infrared pab kiag li lawm TVNE-4B.

Communications khoom sawv cev VHF xov tooj cua thiab P-123M nrog intercom 1V116.

"Malka"

Rau kaum tsib xyoos rau cov tub rog lag luam ntawm lub shortcomings tau lawm tias, uas muaj ib tug howitzer "Peony". Nta ntawm lub ntau yam thiab cov neeg ntawm cov tub rog heev txaus siab, muab tau ib tug bottleneck, ib txhia tsav tsheb thiab ua hauj lwm zoo kev ua tau zoo. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub sij hawm ntawm chaw thau khoom thiab txuam nrog nws thiab inversely tus nqi kuj yoojyim npaum li cas yuav tsum tau kawm. Los ntawm 1980, lub artillery ceased mus tuav thiab cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm onboard khoom.

Hloov self-propelled howitzer "Peony" tau txais index "M" thiab cov code npe ntawm "Malka". Nws differed los ntawm cov tsab ntau haib vsetoplivnym engine (rau nws yog tsim roj av, kerosene, thiab muaj suab txhua yam uas zes), tus tshiab cov khoom hluav taws tswj (muaj ib tug high degree ntawm automation), tus siab heev system ntawm stacking mos txwv mos txwv (tam sim no muaj yim, ob zaug kom ntau li ntau Ameslikas nqa ib tug howitzer "Peony"). Chassis kuj undergone Modernization, nce cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm mus txog rau 10 thous. Km nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim. ACS systems muaj kev kawm saib xyuas tau hais txog.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj txoj kev txhim kho ntawm lub cov nqi ntawm cov hluav taws. Tej thaj chaw deb mechanism tau lawm redesigned, ua loading tus nqi zog los ntawm 60% (mus txog 24 txhaj tshuaj ib 1 sec.). Cov kev txaus ntshai ntawm ib tug rov ua phem rau puas tsuaj riam phom tau sim hawm caij nyoog designers los muab ib tug tej thaj chaw deb tswj version nrog cov zaub ntawm tag nrho cov kev ntawm firing ntawm lub commander lub tsheb, nyob rau hauv uas Pib ntsais koj teeb kis tau los ntawm cov xov tooj cua los yog hlau kev sib txuas lus.

yam ntxwv ntawm

Firing rau lub qab ntug rau hauv lub hom phiaj - lub ntsiab kev sib ntaus los lub hom phiaj, uas yog tsim los ua ib tug howitzer "Peony". Firing ntau phom nyob rau hauv lub loj ntawm lub projectile. Lub ib txwm high-heev explosives 3VOF34 uas 17,8 kg nws yuav xa ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 37,4 km. Active-reactive 3VOF35 yoov ntxiv, mus 47,5 km (ib txhia txawm tshaj 55). Siv lub daig kab plhaub voos kheej-kheej yuav tsum tau 3VO15 kev sib ntaus los siv me ntsis ntau tshaj li 30 km.

Tactical nuclear spetszaryad yuav tauj mus rau ib tug deb ntawm 30 km.

Tus tshaj tawm los ntawm lub projectile, muab ua kom tiav kartuznym sib npaug zos loading ntawm 960 m / s.

Howitzer "Peony" yuav txhais los ntawm marching rau hauv lub firing lub xeev rau feeb. Muab xam los ntawm 14 cov neeg, ib nrab ntawm cov uas yog nqa nyob rau hauv ib tug kev sib ntaus los lub tsheb, tshuav ntxiv tsheb (BM, BMD thiab m. N.)

Raws kev rau lub 2S7 "pion" yuav siv cov sib txawv ntawm cov mos txwv. Qhob-tho zoo li tsim los ua kom puas faus thiab qhia tshwj xeeb uas muaj kev tiv thaiv cov khoom. Lub hom phiaj ntawm daim av mines thiab pawg nqi yog tej txuam nrog cov yeeb ncuab thiab cov neeg uas armored tsheb. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tej teeb meem los yog ib tug limited nuclear tsov rog nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm yuav mus spetszaryady, xws li tshuaj, uas yuav tau tua ib tug howitzer "Peony". TTX ho nyob ntawm seb tus qauv ntawm kev taw qhia thiab kev siv ntawm lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm lub hom phiaj kev puas tsuaj.

Foob pob ua ntxaij-pab projectile siv nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau mus koom ntau nyob deb lub hom phaj uas muaj tseeb. Trajectory kho yog ua tau, xws li cov Astro chaw, tab sis nws tsuas yog muaj rau Lavxias teb sab Gunners.

Nyob rau hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws

Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union self-propelled howitzer "Peony" yog rau ntau yam yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv lub tub rog ntawm ib lub teb lub teb chaws ua ntaj riam thaiv. Ntawm lawv, thawj ntawm tag nrho cov kev cai lij choj successor ntawm lub USSR - lub Lavxias teb sab Federation, uas muaj 320 chav nyob, feem ntau ntawm uas yog nyob rau preservation, Uzbekistan (48 pcs.), Belarus (36), Azerbaijan thiab Angola (12), Poland (nyob ntawm no yim units 2S7 " peony ", muag nyob rau hauv 1989 los ntawm cov Soviet Union, twb rho los ntawm kev pab) thiab ib tug ob peb lwm lub xeev. Tool rau regional tsis sib haum feem ntau mas excessively haib. Qhov no ua rau kev txwv tej yam kev mob ntawm kev siv. Nyob rau hauv ib tug kev sib ntaus los qhov teeb meem no nws tau kom deb li deb tsuas yog ib cov ntaub ntawv nyob qhov twg thov, thiab nws yog ib unfortunate, howitzer "Peony". Photo seized los ntawm cov Georgian pab tub rog self-propelled luam tawm nyob rau hauv Lub yim hli ntuj 2008, yuav luag tag nrho cov ntiaj teb xov xwm. Tsib self-propelled phom raug muab los rau Ukraine, plaub ntawm lawv twb puas tsuaj lawm, ib tug poob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov Lavxias teb sab tub rog lub trophies.

Nws muaj tsuas yog ib tug me me daim ntawv teev cov xwm txheej nyob rau hauv uas lub howitzer "Peony" yuav justifiably yuav siv. Nta ntawm qhov cuab tam yog hais tias cov sib ntaus nrog point hom phiaj nws yog ib yam uas me me siv. Nws tsim ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm sib ntaus sib tua rau qhov tus me nyuam ntawm tactical nuclear riam phom. Thaum uas siv cov spetszaryadov expansion txheeb ze rau lub hom phiaj, ntsuas nyob rau hauv kaum ntawm meters, npaum li cas tseem ceeb muaj tsis tau. Yog li ntawd cov tub rog tshwj xeeb yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account nta thiab cov yam ntxwv muaj howitzer "Peony". Nyob rau hauv Ukraine, cov phom ntawm no hom tom qab lub Soviet cev qhuav dej tshuav txog ib puas. 23 xyoo lawv ntsiag to sawv nyob rau hauv warehouses nyob rau hauv cov roj nplua nyeem. Cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj muaj sim hawm caij nyoog lub teb chaws tus coj noj coj mus yuam kom cov rov qhib lag ntawm ob peb chav nyob thiab coj lawv mus rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua lawm. Howitzer "Peony" Nws yuav tua? Duab loaded rau flatcars hnyav sib, nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav, yuav tsum txhawb thought txog lub imminent yeej ... Tab sis ua tsaug vam hais tias ua ntej lawv daim ntawv thov yuav tsis tuaj.