Hom ntawm peb ntiaj chaw lub volcanoes

Rau ntau centuries, cov neeg xav nyob rau hauv lub phenomenon ntawm volcanic eruptions. Lawv pom tau hais tias yuav tsum tau lub feem ntau unpredictable creatures ntawm qhov. Tej zaum dormant tsis tas yuav ua tej xim, tej zaum lawm ua tus sau rau tag nrho cov xov xwm sawb thiab tshuam hloov cov tsoos txoj kev ntawm lub neej ntawm cov pej xeem pej xeem, volcanoes yog ib tug formidable caij, los ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm hais qhia rau koj tus kheej. Nyob rau dab tsi yog qhov hom volcanoes, thiab yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws?

Yuav ua li cas yog lub roob hluav taws? Lo lus nws muaj nws keeb kwm nyob rau ancient Roman mythology - yog lub npe ntawm tus Roman pantheon coj qhws tswv hluav taws vajtswv Vulcan. Nyob rau hauv Greek mythology, nws sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub kws ntaus hlau vajtswv Hephaestus.

Los ntawm ib tug scientific point of view ntawm lub roob hluav taws - ib tug tectonic txhaum nyob rau hauv tus nto ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab, enabling magma, nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub kiav txhab thiab cov tub ntxhais nto. Nyob rau hauv ib tug kev sib tsoo nrog cov ib puag ncig ntawm lub magma tsim los ntawm kub lava thiab roj uas yog tso tawm los ntawm lub fumarole - qhov ntawm lub roob hluav taws kev ua qab yias thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Uas tshauv nrog qhov kev tso tawm rau saum cua. Cools, lub lava hardens, yog li qhov ntawm lub pob zeb nyob ib ncig ntawm volcanoes yog txawv los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm lwm yam pob zeb formations.

Yuav kom ntsuas tus quab yuam ntawm qhov uas siv ib tug tshwj xeeb scale ntawm VEI (eng Volcanic Explosivity Index.) - volcanic explosivity index. Nplai ntsuas txhua uas los ntawm xoom mus rau yim lub ntsiab lus, raws li nyob rau hauv lub qhov siab ntawm cov ntoo tshauv-pillar thiab tus naj npawb ntawm ntiab tawm cov hmoov tshauv.

ntawm ntau yam volcanoes

Hom ntawm volcanoes yog sib cais los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov txheej xwm. Qhov yooj yim thiab feem ntau kev faib yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev ua kev. Yog li cais:

1. Active volcanoes, uas muaj xws li cov neeg ntawm ib tug uas hais tias muaj txhim khu kev qha cov keeb kwm qhov chaw.
2. Dormant volcanoes yog tsis active nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, tab sis qhov uas uas yog ncav tam.
3. Tu noob volcanoes, qhov uas yog suab tsis yooj yim sua.

Tsis tas li ntawd tsim hom ntawm eruptions, raws li lawv zoo lawm, cov ua cim ntawm qhov uas, kev ua qab yias hom thiab thiaj li nyob. Muaj av nkos volcanoes, qhov twg es tsis txhob ntawm lava muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw av thiab methane, thiab underwater nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv pem teb.

active volcanoes

Txhua uas yog ib tug tseem ceeb kev tshwm sim thiab attracts cov xim ntawm ntau xov xwm. Tu noob thiab active volcanoes nyiam mloog los ntawm ob qho tib si zaum thiab nyob rau ib feem ntawm tourists thiab los ntawm UFW ntawm cov huab so.

Cov qhov tseem active volcanoes yuav hu ua lub roob hluav taws Merapi nyob rau hauv Indonesia, Eyjafjallajokull nyob rau hauv Iceland, Mauna Loa nyob rau hauv Hawaii, lub Philippines tal, Fuego thiab cov raug Maria hauv Guatemala, Sakurajima nyob rau hauv Nyiv, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Lug paub kuj tau txais Sicilian roob hluav taws Mount Etna, Vesuvius, Naples, Pompeii coj txoj kev tuag, raws li zoo raws li Fuji, feem ntau xa mus rau nyob rau hauv lub Japanese kab lis kev cai.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg, thiab Kilimanjaro - lub siab tshaj plaws lub roob hluav taws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thiab lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa, nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws. Kilimanjaro yog tsis tam sim no pom tau hais tias yog ib qho kev tu noob lub roob hluav taws, tab sis nws yog tseem active yog tsis paub.

Roob hluav taws Roob

Tu noob volcanoes ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm uas Tseem tag nrho ntawm nthuav nrws nyob rau hauv dav voj voog feem ntau ntaus nqi raws li zoo tib yam roob. Lawv eruptions coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv prehistoric lub sij hawm, tab sis, raws li ib tug scientific theory, tej zaum yuav tshwm sim dua, tab sis yog nrog ib tug me me muaj tseeb. Txawm li cas los, rau xam qhov tshwm sim ntawm no yog suab tsis yooj yim sua, tej nuj nqis muab nyob rau hauv no hais txog, tsis txhob muaj teeb meem loj specifics.

Ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws tu noob volcanoes yuav qhia tau:

• Ararat - lub roob hluav taws nyob rau hauv sab hnub tuaj Qaib ntxhw, ib feem ntawm lub roob system ntawm lub Armenian highlands. Nws muaj ob tug cones, uas yog hu ua lub Greater thiab Lesser Ararat. Loj Ararat ib txhij yog tus siab tshaj plaws ncov toj siab.
• Aconcagua - lub siab tshaj plaws ploj roob hluav taws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yog lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm America (ob North thiab South) thiab lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob thiab lub yav qab teb Hemisphere.
• Elbrus - ntau qhov chaw xa mus rau nws raws li ib tug tu noob roob hluav taws. Elbrus yog nyob sab qaum teb ntawm lub Greater Caucasus Roob Ntau thiab yog lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm Russia.
• Kazbek - lub roob hluav taws nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub Central Caucasus, nyob rau ciam teb ntawm Russia thiab Georgia.
• Karadag - tsuas thiab volcanic massif nyob rau hauv Crimea. Nws lub npe txhais tau tias "dub roob". Karadag muaj ob peb Craters thiab fumaroles khov.

Qhov no yog lub npe nrov tshaj ploj volcanoes nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Daim ntawv mus rau ntau ntau lwm yam volcanoes, uas qhov xwm ntawm tus suav tsis tau.

Tsaug zog los nkaum?

Lub Volcanology assumed hais tias yog nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm 100 000 xyoo lub roob hluav taws twb tsis erupted txawm ib zaug, nws yog pw tsaug zog. Ib txhia soj ntsuam hu lawv ib tug supervolcano. Cov lus xaus yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub fact tias lub dormant volcanoes ntawm lub ntiaj teb no me ntsis tshawb, tab sis nws yog fraught nrog ib tug loj loj uas uas yuav yooj yim ua kom puas yog ib tug loj ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov nyob yam nyob rau hauv ntiaj chaw.

xaus

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tu noob, kom nquag plias thiab dormant volcanoes, muaj ntau li ntau. By zaum seb puas tsimnyog tau ib tug ntau ntawm controversy txog lub caij nyoog tooj. Tus xov tooj yuav txawv los ntawm 500 mus 1700, nyob ntawm seb lub ntau yam ntsiab lus ntawm view, cov kev uas lub sib cais hom volcanoes. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws yog undeniable uas volcanoes ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub neej, tourism, kab lis kev cai, cov neeg, mythology. Thiab tej zaum lawv ua yam ntawm natural disasters, los ntawm uas tej zaum yuav ncaj qha kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub neej.