Hav zoov - ib tug philosophy nrog ib tug tib neeg lub ntsej muag

Hav zoov - ib lub tswvyim uas yog txhais raws li cov tib neeg "kuv" nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cwm pwm. Qhov no lub sij hawm twb tau nkag mus hauv Soren Kierkegaard, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm existential philosophy.

Piv txwv tias yog tias cov existential - yog ib tug tseem ceeb khoom teejtug uas yog tib neeg qhov, existentialists ntseeg cov tib neeg raug txiav tawm los ntawm zej zog thiab nws cov kev sib raug zoo, xa mus rau ib tug neeg puas siab puas ntsws zog cwm pwm thiab kev tsa ib txog kev nkag siab ntawm tus tib neeg tus neeg raws li ib tug neeg.

Qhov no philosophical sib raug reflected nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias existentialism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv Nws yuav siv sij hawm keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Fabkis txawj sau ntawv Albera Kamyu.

Nrog rau tej hauj lwm ntawm Sartre, Camus tej hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv particular, tus tshiab "Hmoob" los ua lub embodiment ntawm tus tib neeg tus nrhiav txoj kev ywj pheej los ntawm kev shackles yuam nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm sustainable postulates ntawm cov pa morality.

Existentialist neeg - tsis yog ib tug fighter nyob rau barricades thiab tsis yog ib tug theoretician ntawm revolutionary tshiab lub tswv yim. Nws yog ib tug ntxeev siab "nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej." Nws sib ntaus - ib yam ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kev ntshai ntawm ib tug hostile zej zog, qhia kev qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv nws cov rejection, tsis meej pem thiab ntxhov siab vim.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov no ntseeg tias existential - ib yam ntawm cov subjective anthropology opposed to Hegel cov lus lub hom phiaj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus tib neeg tus cwj pwm. Xav qhov kev paub ntawm qhov teeb meem no tsis pub dhau nws tus kheej ego, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus uas ib tug neeg yog tsis cia siab rau, existentialism yog implicated nyob rau hauv lub aesthetic qeb, reflecting tus cwj pwm rau tus kheej kev ncaj ncees hauv paus ntsiab lus.

Sawv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob, existentialism yog rooted nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob qhov twg nws nyob thiab tsim thawj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm existentialism. Rov qab nyob rau hauv lub 1830s IV Kireyevsky tswvcuab lub tswvyim ntawm "hav zoov" thiab formulated ib co tswv yim ntawm qhov no (tom qab txais yuav los ntawm sab hnub poob nyob rau hauv lub Latin version: existentia).

Tiam sis ntawm existentialism yuav pom twb nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin.

Me neeg - heroes ntawm "Tales ntawm Belkin" - lawv yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm hauv nruab nrab hauv chav kawm ntawv, saum toj no tag nrho, lawv yog tseem ceeb raws li cov tib neeg. Txhua ib tug ntawm lawv - cwm pwm, tau xav, xav ntseeg, hlub, raug kev txom nyem.

Undertaker Adrian Prokhorov ( "The Undertaker") muaj ib tug npau suav uas nws tau tuaj mus rau nws yav tom ntej cov neeg muas zaub, leej twg ua tau tseem ciaj sia. Thiab nws qhia nws kev nyuaj siab tshaj nws txoj hauj lwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab nws tau mus xyuas ib tug neeg nyob ze txua khau Schultz, nquag, zoo-natured khub nrog ib tug "qhib-minded".

Xaxoo Vyrin ( "The Stationmaster") tuag ntawm kev tu siab thiab longing rau nws tus hlub tus ntxhais, thiab ntseeg hais tias tsis yog hais tias nplua nuj hussars, ib tug txiv neej teej tug mus rau ib tug ntau dua caste, yuav ua ib tug zoo siab tus ntxhais ntawm ib tug neeg txom nyem stationmaster. Nws saib lub neej los ntawm lub plaub ntawm lawv tus kheej cwm pwm thiab subjective nco qab.

Burmin ( "los daus loj") rau plaub lub xyoos quaj los kuamuag vim lub fact tias nws yuav tsis muab nws txhais tes thiab lub plawv ntawm nws tus hluas nkauj, ua tsis huam yuaj thiab thoughtlessness ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tau sib yuav nyob rau hauv ib lub caij ntuj los daus loj tsaus ntuj nrog ib tug neeg txawv.

Nyob rau hauv ib philosophical phau ntawv txhais lus, luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees (1961), nws hais tias yeej tseem zoo existential xav yog Slavic, raws li nws coj zoo nyob rau hauv lub muaj zog cawv tej hauj lwm ntawm Dostoevsky.

Hav zoov ntawm Dostoevsky tus cim - ib tug dhia dej mus rau hauv ib tug npau suav, mus rau hauv nws tus kheej philosophical reflections. Yog li ntawd hais tias cov protagonist ntawm nws thaum ntxov tshiab "Tus dreamer", uas raug kev txom nyem ib tug "txaj muag kev tsim txom" los ntawm nws superiors. Tab sis altruism Ivan Petrovich ( "The insulted thiab Injured") yuav pab kom nws ciaj sia, kom muaj kev ncaj ncees kev coj dawb huv.

Originated nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab av existential - ib lub tswvyim ze rau lub koom qeb ntawm morality, lub tswvyim ntawm "lub siab" (ntxaum tshaj nyob rau hauv tsoos Freudian txhais).