Giant-class submarine "Akula" Project 941: txheej txheem cej luam, cov yam ntxwv

Class submarine "Shark" yog tseem lub undefeated cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub USSR. Thaum nyob rau hauv autonomous navigation ntawm 120 hnub, nws yooj yim crosses cov dej hiav txwv tsis paub thiab nws lub dag lub zog mus ua txhaum lub tuab Arctic cov nab kuab thiab ntaus tus nrog sib ntaus lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv tso tag nrho cov mos txwv ballistic cuaj luaj nyob rau hauv ib luv luv lub sij hawm. Niaj hnub no, nrhiav ib tug siv rau nws tsis tau, thiab nws txoj hmoo yog obscure.

peb lo lus teb

Tus caj npab haiv neeg unfolded ntawm lub USSR thiab lub tebchaws United States, thov los ntawm ob tog ntawm ib tug tsim nyog teb mus rau lub kev sib nrig sib sib tw. Nyob rau hauv lub 70 xyoo hauv lub tebchaws United States twb ua ntaj riam thaiv nkoj nrog ib tug xaav ntawm 18,7 tons. Nws ceev yog 200 units, muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom thiab machinery, yog accomplished underwater missile launching ib tug tob ntawm 15 mus rau 30 meters. Nyob rau hauv lub teb, cov Soviet science thiab cov tub rog-industrial complex ntawm lub teb chaws tus coj noj coj uas cog noob rau hauv cov creation ntawm superior technology.

Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1972 nws twb muab tswv yim zoo thiab kev uas yuav tsum tau los ua ib tug submarine nrog lub cipher "Shark" thiab tus naj npawb 941. Start ntawm kev tsim kho ua hauj lwm pib nrog rau tsoom fwv qhov kev txiav txim yuav pib tsim lub project raug txib mus ua CDB "Rubin". Yuav ua raws li kev tsim thought tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub loj hangar ntawm lub ntiaj teb no - nyob rau ntawm "Sevmash", tso coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1976. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lub submarine twb tau ob peb hauj breakthroughs, ib tug ntawm lawv - lub sau ua ib pawg-modular qauv ntawm cov kev tsim kho uas txo lub sij hawm ntawm tiav. Niaj hnub no, qhov no txoj kev yog siv dav nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hom ntawm shipbuilding, tab sis lub submarine "Akula" cov chav kawm ntawv yog tus thawj nyob rau hauv txhua yam.

Qhov kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj xyoo 1980 los ntawm lub chaw nres nkoj ntawm Severodvinsk twb launched nyob rau hauv lub dawb Hiav txwv, thawj submarine "Akula" Project 941. Raws li Legend, lub hiav txwv los tau, nyob rau hauv tus hneev ntawm lub submarine kom txog rau thaum nws yog nws txo qis rau hauv dej, hauv qab no lub waterline twb pleev xim rau shark hniav bared, tus Tsov tus tw qhwv Trident. Tom qab lub qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv duab zoo nyob rau hauv cov dej thiab logo yeej tsis tau pom dua, tab sis cov neeg nco, siab hlob rau cim thiab tej yam tshwm sim, tam sim ntawd muab lub npe ntawm tus cruiser - "Shark." Tag nrho cov ntawm cov nram qab no hom 941 submarine tau txais tib lub npe, thiab rau cov neeg coob neeg lawv tus kheej cim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kab txaij rau ntawm lub lub tes tsho nrog ib daim duab ntawm ib tug shark twb qhia. Nyob rau hauv lub US cruiser tau lub npe "Typhoon".

tsim

Underwater chav kawm ntawv "Shark" nkoj nyob rau hauv cov qauv tsa ib tug catamaran - ob housings, lawv txhua tus muaj ib lub cheeb ntawm 7.2 meters, cov txheej txheem thaum uas tig mus rau txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv ib tug kab rov tav dav hlau. Lub kaw compartment nrog cov kev tswj module yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob lub ntsiab lub cev, muaj tej thaj chaw deb tswj thiab xov tooj cua engineering riam phom cruiser. Foob pob ua ntxaij chav tsev yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub nkoj nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub hulls. Txav los ntawm ib tug ib feem ntawm lub nkoj mus rau lwm lub yog ua tau rau peb cov zaus. Tag nrho hull twb muaj li ntawm 19 watertight compartments.

Submarines ntawm Project 941 ( "Shark") yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, nyob rau hauv tej lub puag, ob pop-khiav tawm chamber muaj peev xwm rau tag nrho cov kev ua ntawm cov neeg coob. Compartment, uas tsev lub hauv paus chaw ua hauj lwm, nyob ze ntawm lub siab tawv ntawm lub cruiser. Titanium Plating npog ob central lub cev, lub hauv paus ncej, torpedo chav tsev, tus so ntawm qhov chaw yog sewn steel, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug sonar txheej securely hides los ntawm lub nkoj mus txog qhovtwg tshuab.

Pem hauv ntej retractable log yog kab rov tav tsim nyob rau hauv tus hneev ntawm lub nkoj. Txheej tej tam thiab nruab nrog ib tug yeej ru tsev qauv, muaj peev xwm mus ua txhaum cov khoom ice nto thaum afloat nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb latitudes.

yam ntxwv ntawm

Nyob rau hauv submarine hom 941 ntsia hwj chim ntawm peb tiam unit (lawv muaj peev xwm yog 100,000 liters. S.) Thaiv hom, kev tso kawm tau diluted mus rau hauv ob blocks nyob rau hauv lub siab hull, txo qhov ntev ntawm nei. Yog li kev ua tau zoo twb zoo zog lawm.

Tab sis tsis tau tsuas yog cov kauj ruam no ua lub legendary hauv chav kawm ntawv submarines "Shark." Cov yam ntxwv LUB POV HAUM muaj ob Pa dej reactor OK-650 thiab ob chav hom turbine. Tag nrho ua ke cov khoom tau tso cai tsis tau tsuas yog ua rau kom cov efficiency ntawm tag nrho cov lag luam ntawm lub submarine, tab sis ho txo kev co, thiab raws li, txhim kho lub suab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub nkoj. Nuclear hwj chim nqis yog tshuab txais thaum lub hluav taws xob fais fab mov.

Specifications:

• Maximum Length - 172 meters.
• Maximum dav - 23,3 meters.
• Lub cev qhov siab - 26 meters.
• Xaav (underwater / saum toj no dej) - 48 tonnes / 23.2 tons ..
• Endurance tsis surfacing - 120 hnub.
• immersion tob (nyiaj pab ntau tshaj / ua hauj lwm) - 480 m / 400m.
• ua luam dej ceev (saum toj no-dej / underwater) - 12 units / 25 units.

weaponry

Main riam phom - khoom ballistic cuaj luaj "Variant" (lub cev hnyav - 90 m, ntev -. 17,7 m.). missile ntau yam ntawm 8.3 th. kilometers, lub warhead yog muab faib ua 10 warheads, txhua tus uas muaj ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm 100 kilotons ntawm TNT thiab ib tug neeg taw qhia system.

Pib tag nrho cov mos txwv arsenal submarine tej zaum yuav ib nqos luv luv luv ntawm lub pib missile units. Khiav cov mos txwv ua los ntawm qhov chaw thiab submerged, nyiaj pab ntau tshaj qhov tob ntawm pib ntawm 55 meters. Tsim tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov mos txwv envisaged nyob rau hauv missile 24, tom qab ntawd txo kom 20 units.

nta

Submarines ntawm Project 941 "Akula" nruab nrog fais fab nroj tsuag muaj ob units, sib cais nyob rau hauv txawv securely loog Certificate. reactors tau taug qab cov mem tes khoom, suab teb system ntawm lub slightest poob ntawm lub hwj chim.

Thaum muab txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tsim ib yuavtsum tau kawm uantej yog kev ruaj ntseg nkoj thiab neeg coob, qhov thiaj li hu ua kev tiv thaiv voos kheej-kheej, uas tau xam los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov dynamic zog thiab qhia tau tseeb experimentally tsev nyob units (ob pop-up module Symptoms thawv, coupling housings thiab t. D.) .

Class submarine "Shark" ua tau rau lub "Sevmash", qhov twg yeej lub ntiaj teb no tus loj tshaj plaws tau raug tsim thiab tsim rau nws sab hauv tsev boathouse, los yog lub khw tooj 55. Ships ntawm peb tes num 941 yog yus muaj los ntawm ntau zog buoyancy - ntau tshaj 40%. Yuav kom lub nkoj kiag li submerged, nws ballast yuav tsum ib nrab nws xaav, yog vim li cas muaj ib tug thib ob lub npe - "dej cab kuj". Qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug tsim tau ua nrog ib tug nyob deb-sighted qhov muag - mus nqa tawm kho thiab tiv thaiv txij nkawm yuav tsum nyob rau hauv uas twb muaj lawm Piers thiab kho factories.

Cov tib buoyancy kom cov ciaj sia taus ntawm lub nkoj nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb latitudes, qhov chaw uas koj xav mus ua txhaum mus rau hauv ib tug tuab ice cover. Submarines "Shark" Project 941 tiv nrog stringent tej yam kev mob sab qaum teb ncej, qhov chaw uas dej khov thickness nce mus txog 2.5 m nrog concomitant cov nab kuab thiab dej khov ridges influxes. lub peev xwm los qhib cov dej khov thickness tau pheej pom hais tias nws nyob rau hauv xyaum.

Neeg coob nplij siab

Cov neeg coob ntawm submarine lom zem ntau ua tiav nrog cov tub ceev xwm, kev cai tub ceev xwm. Senior tub ceev xwm yog tsis muaj tsev nyob rau hauv ob-thiab plaub-txaj cabins nruab nrog ib lub TV, ib tug ntxuav phiab, huab cua txias, wardrobes, desks thiab thiaj li nyob.

Sailors thiab junior tub ceev xwm tau txais nyob rau hauv lub pov tseg xis Kubrick. Submarine nyob tej yam kev mob ntau tshaj xis, tsuas ships ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv tau nruab nrog rau cov kev ua si ua ub no, ua luam dej pas dej ua ke, solarium thiab sauna. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li tsis mus ua txhaum deb ntawm cov kev muaj tiag ib yam nkaus thiab nyob rau hauv lub ntev phiaj los nqis tes, cov nyob cheeb tsam tau raug tsim.

tso mus

Nyob rau tag nrho lub sij hawm ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm submarines ntawm hom 941 nws tau txais los ntawm lub Navy rau cruisers:

• "Dmitry Donskoy" (TK - 208). Cov nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1981, tom qab txawj tej yam ntxiv dua pib rau kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 2002.
• TK-202. Kuv tau txais lub tsev chaw nres nkoj thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1983. Nyob rau hauv 2005, lub nkoj twb txiav mus rau hauv seem hlau.
• "Simbirsk" (FC-12). Cov nyob rau hauv lub qaum teb Fleet nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1985. Nws twb muab pov tseg ntawm nyob rau hauv 2005.
• TK-13. Lub cruiser twb ntiav nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1985. Nyob rau hauv 2009, lub cev txiav mus rau hauv lub hlau ntawm lub submarine (shestiotsechny thaiv reactors) muaj tau txhais ua ntev-lub sij hawm cia nyob rau Kola ceg av qab teb.
• "Arkhangelsk" (FC-17). Hnub rau lub Navy - Kaum ib hlis 1987. Vim cov tsis muaj mos txwv txij thaum 2006, tham txog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv.
• "Severstal" (FC-20). Yam uas luag muab rau tus zoo ibyam ntawm cov rog nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1989. Nyob rau hauv 2004 nws tuaj rau hauv lub zeem cia vim tsis muaj ammo, slated rau pov tseg.
• TK-210. Bookmark tsev nyob siv coincided nrog lub dismantling ntawm nyiaj txiag system. Nws poob nyiaj thiab tau demolished nyob rau hauv 1990.

Nuclear submarine "Akula" cov chav kawm ntawv tau consolidated rau hauv ib tug division, uas ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib lub hauv paus rau Western neeg (Murmansk cheeb tsam). Reconstruction Nerpichiya Bay tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1981. Rau hom 941 cruisers tau nruab nrog tsev Mooring kab, Piers nrog nta tshwj xeeb, ua tau ib lub cim crane ntawm 125 tons rau nraum chaw thau khoom cuaj luaj (tsis commissioned).

Tam sim no lub xeev

Rau hnub tim, tag nrho cov muaj nyob rau nuclear submarine "Akula" cov chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm npe nyob rau hauv fwm daim ntawv no, txiav txim siab lawv txoj hmoo. Lub submarine "Dmitry Donskoy" twb upgraded los ntawm haum cov khoom "Bulava". Raws li xov xwm qhia, nws twb npaj mus pov tseg ntawm uas tsis yog-kev ua tau zoo khoom nyob rau hauv 2016. Posts ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm lub hom phiaj tsis yog.

Giant submarine Project 941 "Akula", yog tseem muaj ib tug cim riam phom, tsuas cruiser, muaj peev xwm nqa rau kev sib ntaus los luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Arctic. Lawv yog cov yuav luag invulnerable rau anti-submarine, nyob rau US weaponry. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lub peev xwm yeeb ncuab muaj tsis muaj kev txhais tau tias los xyuas txog aircraft cruiser nyob rau hauv cov dej khov.